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The black panthers american civil rights
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While many activists movements rose up, like Black Panthers, Brown Beret, and Yellow Power, people who are against, specifically whites, also made their movement to manipulate these rising groups of activist. In War at Home by Brian Glick, he discussed the Counterintelligence Program or also known as COINTELPRO that was made to destroy minorities hope for change and equality. COINTELPRO was made by the FBI, and was led by William C. Sullivan. Though, while the nation is investigating about it people who are involved in COINTELPRO are being shut, including Sullivan. In their investigation they found four methods how the COINTELPRO works. These are: (1) Infiltration, that discredit and disrupt political activists were its goal is to scare potential supporters, (2) Psychological Warfare from the Outside, were FBI forge information about group meetings through phone calls and flyers, and spread misinformations, (3) Harassment Through the Legal System, were FBI and police abused the legal system to harass activist and make them appear to be criminals, and (4) Extragel Force and Violence, that threatened supporters of the Civil Rights Movements and other activist to disrupt their movements. These methods was used by …show more content…
He examined twelve textbook and stated that “Two of the twelve textbooks I studied were "inquiry" textbooks, assembled from primary sources… The ten narrative textbooks in my sample continue to pay overwhelming attention to the actions of the executive branch of the federal government.” Basically, all these textbooks does not really portray the history of US. And imply that the balance of power has not changed. It excluded its participation in state-sponsored terrorism, and just showed how America is a heroic, wonderful country. Thus, ruining the real history of US and the way people look at the
Since 1938 an organization called the Un-American Activities Committee had been in existence in America. This had the power to investigate any movement or person who apparently posed a threat to the safety of the state. Under the chairmanship of Senator Joseph McCarthy the committee became almost paranoid in the searching out of the communist sympathisers amongst the American people in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s.
Neil Sheehan has used this novel to tell the story of the Vietnam conflict utilizing the perspective of one of its most respected characters. This is the story of John P. Vann who first came to Vietnam as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Army and later returned as a civilian official. It is the story of his life from the beginning to the end. It is also Vietnam's story; it offers clear reasons for the conflict, and why it was such a disaster for all those involved.
War is a hard thing to describe. It has benefits that can only be reaped through its respective means. Means that, while necessary, are harsh and unforgiving. William James, the author of “The Moral Equivalent of War”, speaks only of the benefits to be had and not of the horrors and sacrifices found in the turbulent times of war. James bears the title of a pacifist, but he heralds war as a necessity for society to exist. In the end of his article, James presents a “war against nature” that would, in his opinion, stand in war’s stead in bringing the proper characteristics to our people. However, my stance is that of opposition to James and his views. I believe that war, while beneficial in various ways, is unnecessary and should be avoided at all costs.
The story has different elements that make it a story, that make it whole. Setting is one of those elements. The book defines setting as “the context in which the action of the story occurs” (131). After reading “Soldier’s Home” by Ernest Hemmingway, setting played a very important part to this story. A different setting could possibly change the outcome or the mood of the story and here are some reasons why.
... strategies, CIA run uprisings to out undesirable leader. Like previous overthrows, the Cold War regime changes occurred "only when economic interests coincided with ideological ones." The CIA is a dogmatic instrument used, but perceived as an independent immoral and dishonorable force during the Cold War, that lead regime in the fight against civil liberties and insurgence. In the regards to the CIA, Kinzer shines light to the similarities amongst the event and role of the CIA in the Chilean Coup against Salvador Allende in 1973. The CIA abided by the rules and did as they were told even, when personnel cautioned the intervention. Not only was the brutal dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet proof of this sentiment, but when the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence investigated the coup in years after, it found president Nixon, not the CIA, most responsible.
Taylor, G. Flint. "How the FBI Conspired to Destroy the Black Panther Party." In These Times. N.p., 4 Dec. 2013. Web. 06 Dec. 2013.
Professor’s Comments: This is a good example of a book review typically required in history classes. It is unbiased and thoughtful. The Student explains the book and the time in which it was written in great detail, without retelling the entire story… a pitfall that many first time reviewers may experience.
Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. New York: Touchstone, 2007.
In order to make a case that the Black Power Movement was a logical extension of the African American freedom struggle based on the longstanding African American strategies and goals for change, it is important to look at the longstanding strategies and goals, and compare them to the Black Power movement, using the examples of strategies taken by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO) in Alabama. Knowing this, it can be determine whether the Black Power movement built upon those strategies, or went against them. There are several noteworthy strategies used in this comparison. The names of these strategies are based off of the people who are synonymous with them. They comparisons are as follows: W.E.B DuBois’ Talented Tenth Plan, Booker T. Washington’s “Cast down your bucket” Plan, Thurgood Marshall’s Legal Campaign, and Dr. Martian Luther King Jr.’s Non-Violence Movement. In addition to determining whether or not the Black Power movement utilized these strategies, it is equally imperative to ask, assuming that the movement went against these strategies, if it was practical or logical, given the circumstances faced by SNCC and the LCFO, not to implement them.
Overall, we see the textbook companies being pulled in multiple directions fearing influence from powerful lobby groups to create bland textbooks, which have limited multiple viewpoints, and controversy. Loewen, talks about only the good traits of historical figures like Woodrow Wilson, instead of showing both sides. Tyack presents a similar viewpoint, that textbooks are all about American Acceptualism and that we as society did no wrong. Lastly, in the Lindaman piece, each nation does the same thing in order to show their nation is good light or limit the dirty laundry of their past.
The early 1960’s were a time of protest and change. With the many civil rights legislations being put into place, it seemed as though America was finally making strides towards racial equality. However, these legislations weren’t as impactful as many had hoped. African-Americans across the nation continued to face racial and economic injustice. Poverty, unemployment, and police brutality were rampant in black American communities. Many African-Americans became frustrated with this lack of progress and began to adopt more radical ideologies. It was during this period that the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense was formed (Duncan). Their defiant stance against racism frightened Americans across the nation. To this day, many Americans
In the beginning of 1968, after selling Mao's Red Book to university students in order to buy shotguns, the Party makes the book required reading. Meanwhile, the FBI, under J. Edgar Hoover, begins a program called COINTELPRO (counterintelligence program) to break up the spreading unity of revolutionary groups that had begun solidifying through the work and examaple of the Panthers; the Peace and Freedom Party, Brown Berets, Students for a Democratic Society, the SNCC, SCLC, Poor People's March, Cesar Chavez and others in the farm labor movement, the American Indian Movement, Young Puerto Rican Brothers, the Young Lords and many others. To destroy the party, the FBI begins with a program of surgical assassinations; killing leading members of the party who they know cannot be otherwise subverted. Following these mass killings would be a series of arrests, followed by a program of psychological warfare, designed to split the party both politically and morally through the use of espionage, provocatures, and chemical warfare.
The red scare was brought upon by men like Joseph McCarthy, who were eager to exploit people’s fear of Russia for personal benefit and power. Anyone who was associated with communism was highly scrutinized to be a Russian spy. Instead of fighting for the rights of the accused individuals, many social action groups ridded themselves of these very people. Durr realized that red baiting would destroy liberal groups which were fighting for justice. The NCAPT refused to dismiss people who were believed to be communist, but other groups were driven by fear and fired large numbers of people. “Everybody began to purge. The NAACP purged, the unions purged, everybody purged” (191). Instead of fighting stereotypes many groups fell prey to them, and in doing so lost their ability to challenge the status quo. Therefore “the whole liberal movement of the United States died...(because) it became exclusively anti communistic” (186).
As the rule of capitalism, the rulers’ power depends on the populace’s power. However, the concept of nonviolence challenges the power of rulers through the intentional removal of this co-operation. As Martin Luther King implies; “Through nonviolent resistance the Negro will be able to noble height of opposing the unjust system while loving the perpetrators of the system.” (p. 139.) From the beginning, the behaviors of the doers are aimed to be changed. However, because of the rising strength of the violence against the Negro had built the foundation for a self- defense movement to achieve liberation for all Black people, which is called “The Black Panther Party.” For all the Black people, the party wanted freedom, full employment, an end to the robbery of white people, decent housing, education, being held in prison and jails and being tried in a court by a jury of their peer group.
The Black Panther Party were also a big concern for the government and targets in COINTELPRO due to the massive support they gained in their communities as they felt like they were being oppressed by the government and provided many activities for the neighborhood youth including free food and saturday morning class to teach Black History since at the time, no public school would want to teach it. The Black Panther Party had then director of the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover infamously called the group, “the greatest threat to the internal security of the country” and was one of the main supervisors involved with COINTELPRO which some members of the Black Panther Party became political prisoners, getting some type of blackmail to resist and suppress