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In Tolstoy's (1886) The death of Ivan Ilyich, a common theme emerges regarding why God allows people to suffer illness. After living a "most ordinary, and therefore most terrible" (p. 469) life, the title character becomes affected by a non-confirmed, horrible ailment; all the while, he was tormented by thoughts of regret and spent day after day questioning what he had done to deserve all this suffering. Tolstoy (1886) never directly claimed or even insinuated a connection between Ilyich's worldly life, and it condemned him to an agonizing death. A person could argue that it was not Tolstoy's intention to blame Ilyich for his superficial lifestyle, it was to address a much more confusing question that countless people struggle with every …show more content…
day: Why does God allow people to suffer? This question is weighty for many reasons. Not only does the answer depend on whether a person believes in a higher power, it also varies from religion to religion. Two particularly contrasting viewpoints can be found when regarding the different answers from Islam, and Christianity. Both of these religions are monotheistic1 and have books that the authors claim to have written while under divine inspiration. Although fundamentally similar, these two religions have significantly contrasting teachings concerning their god's will for suffering. The Christian belief on why humans suffer can be traced back to the bible and to theology. El Shaddai, one of the names that Christians refer to their god as, is described as loving, merciful father, yet all the while a just, powerful, and omnipotent ruler. The Bible addresses the purpose of suffering in its text saying, Count it all joy, my brothers, when you meet trials of various kinds, for you know that the testing of your faith produces steadfastness. And let steadfastness have its full effect, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing (James 1:2-4, New International Version, 1978). Therefore, Christians believe that suffering is allowed as a way to strengthen them in their faith and enrich their relationship with El Shaddai. Additionally, the bible states why Christians suffer, "For it has been granted to you that for the sake of Christ you should not only believe in him but also suffer for his sake" (Philippians 1:29 New International Version, 1978). Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery trial when it comes upon you to test you, as though something strange was happening to you.
But rejoice insofar as you share Christ's sufferings, that you may also rejoice and be glad when his glory is revealed (1 Peter 4:12-13, New International Version, 1978).
Because of following this way of life, Christians have learned to see suffering in a different light2, that not only is it temporary and promises great rewards, it is also something that they must endure for the sake of the salvation of the world.
However, Muslims maintain quite a different teaching and conception3 of suffering in the eyes of their god. Allah, the god which the Muslims worship, is not a father figure, he is instead an all-powerful monarch who values justice over mercy. The Al-Qur'an, written by the prophet, Mohammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik (1997) mentions its explanation for the reason people suffer.
If Allah were to punish people according to what they deserve, He would not leave on the back of the (earth) a single living creature: but He gives them respite for a stated Term: when their Term expires, verily Allah has in His sight all His servants (Fatir:45, The
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Qur'an). Ergo, Muslims live in the fear of God in the most literal sense. They see the trials that they suffer as warnings from the Almighty Allah, and that when they have sinned, their land will be less fruitful and hardships will fall upon them because Allah is displeased with them. Notwithstanding the religious beliefs of Christians and Muslims, there remains one last area of thinking to explore. Atheism is perhaps the most difficult belief to have followed in Ivan Ilyich's time, based on the lack of scientific explanations for certain circumstances. Mostly based on common, atheists harbor the belief that no one is immune to suffering and no particular thing causes it. Ivan Ilyich's mindset was not entertained by any unsatisfying explanation that atheism had to offer at the time. The Islamic beliefs most closely correlate with the way that Tolstoy (1886) arranged Ivan Ilyich's thought processes while dealing with his illness.
Nonetheless, Ilyich's constant regret, examination of his past, and obsession of searching for an explanation eventually led him to a more Christian mindset just before death. Instead of despairing about his past wrongdoings and superficial social customs in his final moments, "He was sorry for [the others]" (p. 505) who would continue to live their lives in pursuit of cosmetic happiness, never learning to hold onto the important aspects of life, such as love and self-fulfillment. Yoho shared his perspective on the fact. "He felt sorry for them because he had learned not to take his life for granted, and that they would never experience that" (Yoho, Class discussion February 6, 2018). Indeed, not only did he develop a more Christian mindset in his final moments, he attempted to ask his wife's forgiveness and spoke the same words as Jesus Christ himself did proclaiming, "It is finished" (p.
505). Overall, Tolstoy (1886) intention for this story was to allow the reader to identify the main theme of suffering, and then allow them the freedom to decide for themselves which explanation for suffering that they will choose to believe. Whether the reader's inevitable choice corresponds with the Christian viewpoint of suffering for the greater good, the Islamic belief that it is punishment for sins or the atheistic stance that suffering is merely another inescapable process of life, Tolstoy's goal of sparking the debatable inquiry has been accomplished in his masterpiece, The death of Ivan Ilyich.
is part of the human suffering due to his cherished relational nature with humans. However,
The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy tells the story of Ivan Ilyich, a man who deals with a mysterious illness through introspection. Until his illness, he lived the life he thought he was supposed to live. Like Candide, he was living in blind optimism. He assumed that what he was doing was the right thing because he was told as much. He had a respectable job and a family. Happiness, if it did occur to him, was fulfilling his duties as a husband and father. It was his sudden illness that allowed him to reflect on his choices, concluding that those choices did not make him happy. “Maybe I have lived not as I should have… But how so when I did everything in the proper way” (Tolstoy 1474)? Ilyich had been in a bubble for his entire life, the bubble only popping when he realizes his own mortality. This puts his marriage, his career, and his life choices into perspective. Realizing that he does not get to redo these choices, he distances himself from his old life: his wife, his children, and his career. All that is left is to reflect. This reflection is his personal enlightenment. He had been living in the dark, blind to his true feelings for his entire life. Mortality creates a space in which he can question himself as to why he made the choices he made, and how those choices created the unsatisfactory life he finds himself in
It is important that everyone lives their lives according to God’s purpose for them. Many people in today’s society fear death. Those who fear death have little to no knowledge about what God has planned for all of his children. On the other hand, some people fear death because they feel as though they have not fully completed their life’s purpose; or lived accordingly. This work brings about many real-life situations. There will always be people who use others to advance their own lives. Then there will be people who want the best for others. Continuing a study of this work will allow readers to make a connection to his or her current society. The Death of Ivan Ilyich is an easy read, that will automatically catch the reader’s
People usually believe following society is the “right” way of living. In Leo Tolstoy’s novel, Death of Ivan Ilyich, Tolstoy uses a recurring theme of conformity. He illustrates Ivan Ilyich, the protagonist, a middle class man as a modern day conformist. His character lives for society’s approval and in doing so, distracts himself from seeking true happiness. Throughout the novel, Leo Tolstoy uses satire to expose the upper-middle class people as conformists. Tolstoy portrays the damaging effects propriety has on an individual when the individual chooses to disregard compassion and fulfillment in favor of society’s norms.
The question of suffering comes up much when talking about, or practicing any religion. Many ask why people suffer, and what causes suffering? The various religions try to answer these questions in their own way. Pico Iyer’s editorial, “The Value of Suffering” addresses the questions of suffering and how it is handled. This article could be compared to the Bhagavad-Gita which also addresses and explains suffering through different stories of the interactions of humans and different Gods. One can specifically look at “The Second Teaching” in the Bhagavad-Gita, which explains the interaction between a man named Arjuna and the god Krishna. In it Arjuna is suffering because he does not want to fight in a war and with people whom he should be worshiping. Krishna says to fight because the souls of the people will forever live on, and because he needs to fulfill his Dharma. With what is known about the Bhagavad-Gita and how Iyer thinks about the subject, Iyer would agree with how the Bhagavad-Gita address suffering.
Tolstoy uses The Death of Ivan Ilyich to show his readers the negative consequences of living as Ilyich did. One of the worst decisions that Ivan Ilyich made during his lifetime was based on what would monetary benefit him. In others words, he his family and his colleges relate happiness to material possessions only. They could afford to buy big house, expensive cars and fancy clothes which leaded to happiness. But it was just an illusion.
Tolstoy immediately absorbs you into the novel by beginning with Ivan’s death. The actual death scene is saved until the end of the novel, but he shows you the reaction of some of Ivan’s colleagues as they hear the news of Ivan’s death. You are almost disgusted at the nonchalant manner that Ivan’s “friends” take his death. They are surprised by his death, but immediately think of how his death will affect their own lives, but more importantly, their careers. “The first though that occurred to each of the gentlemen in the office, learning of Ivan Ilyich’s death, was what effect it would have on their own transfers and promotions.” (pg 32) As a reader, you have to wonder how Ivan must have had to live in order for people close to him to feel no sadness towards the loss or even pity for his wife. In fact, these gentlemen are exactly like Ivan. The purpose of their lives was to gain as much power as possible with n...
This is related to the theme to live without suffering because as Ivan is getting ready to die he complains about how he is in so much pain despite numerous doctor visits and medication. Tolstoy uses his complaints as indicator for the readers to know that Ivan does not want to die in pain but peace. A moment of this is when Ivan calls his family into the room and dies in front of them because he believes it will bring them joy.
Ivan Ilych was a member of the Court of Justice who was "neither as cold and formal as his elder brother nor as wild as the younger, but was a happy mean between them—an intelligent, polished, lively, and agreeable man” (Tolstoy 102). He lived an unexceptionally ordinary life and strived for averageness. As the story progresses, he begins to contemplate his life choices and the reason for his agonizing illness and inevitable death. “Maybe I did not live as I ought to have done, but how could that be, when I did everything properly?” (Tolstoy
To many individuals the word “progress” has a positive meaning behind it. It suggests improvement, something humans have been obsessed with since the dawn of society. However, if closely examined, progress can also have a negative connotation as well. While bringing improvement, progress can simultaneously spark conformity, dependency, and the obsession of perfection within the individuals caught in its midst. It is this aspect of progress within modern society that negatively affects Ivan Ilych, Leo Tolstoy’s main character in The Death of Ivan Ilych. Ivan’s attempt to conform to modern society’s view of perfection takes away his life long before he dies. Furthermore, his fear of death and reactions towards it reflects modern society’s inability to cope with the ever present reminder that humans still suffer and die, despite all attempts to make life painless, perfect, and immortal.
The life of Ivan Ilyich, we are told, "had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible" (Tolstoy, Ch. 2). In analyzing this description of Ivan's life, we see that Ivan has always done what is expected of him in the eyes of others (wife, co-workers, employers, etc.). While Ivan believes his life has run easily, pleasantly, and decorously like it should, we see that in reality it is an unfulfilled life. Ivan's closest associates are more worried about who will be next in line for promotion now that he is gone, and at his funeral they are more concerned over a bridge game than grieving for the loss of a friend, "The more intimate of Ivan Ilyich's acquaintances, his so-called friends, could not help thinking also that they would now have to fulfill the very tiresome demands of propriety by attending the funeral service and paying a visit of condolence to the widow" (Tolstoy Ch. 1).
In his novella, The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Leo Tolstoy satirizes the isolation and materialism of Russian society and suggests that its desensitized existence overlooks the true meaning of life—compassion. Ivan had attained everything that society deemed important in life: a high social position, a powerful job, and money. Marriage developed out of necessity rather than love: “He only required of it those conveniences—dinner at home, housewife, and bed—which it could give him” (17). Later, he purchased a magnificent house, as society dictated, and attempted to fill it with ostentatious antiquities solely available to the wealthy. However, “In reality it was just what is usually seen in the houses of people of moderate means who want to appear rich, and therefore succeed only in resembling others like themselves” (22). Through intense characterizations by the detached and omniscient narrator, Tolstoy reveals the flaws of this deeply superficial society. Although Ivan has flourished under the standards of society, he fails to establish any sort of connection with another human being on this earth. Tragically, only his fatal illness can allow him to confront his own death and reevaluate his life. He finally understands, in his final breath, that “All you have lived for and still live for is falsehood and deception, hiding life and death from you” (69).
The concept of suffering plays an important role in Christianity, regarding such matters as moral conduct, spiritual advancement and ultimate destiny. Indeed an emphasis on suffering pervades the Gospel of Mark where, it can be argued, we are shown how to "journey through suffering" (Ditzel 2001) in the image of the "Suffering Son of Man" (Mark 8:32), Jesus Christ. Although theologians have suggested that Mark was written to strengthen the resolve of the early Christian community (Halpern 2002, Mayerfeld 2005), the underlying moral is not lost on a modern reader grappling with multifarious challenges regarding faith in the face of suffering. In his article "A Christian Response to Suffering", William Marravee (1987) describes suffering as an "experience over which we men and women continue to stumble and fall". The way we view God is crucial to the way we view suffering according to Marravee, who delineates the disparity between a view of God as an ‘outsider’ and the biblical image of God – where God is an ‘insider’ who suffers with us in our struggle. This essay seeks to explain the Christian view of suffering and the purpose suffering can have in our lives.
One Work Cited In "The Death of Ivan Ilych", Leo Tolstoy examines the life of a man, Ivan, who would seem to have lived an exemplary life with moderate wealth, high station, and family. By story's end, however, Ivan's life will be shown to be devoid of passion -- a life of duties, responsibilities, respect, work, and cold objectivity to everything and everyone around Ivan. It is not until Ivan is on his death bed in his final moments that he realizes what will become the major theme of the story: that the personal relationships we forge are more important in life than who we are or what we own.
As previously, stated God uses difficult situations as a way to improve the relationship we have with Him. Why suffering though? Frederick Sontag wrote in his book that evil or suffering are the best circumstances in which to find a God, unlike times where everything goes well