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International Public Relation is referred to as; communicating with the public from one nation to another, producing campaigns from one country to another. Globalization tells that what happens in one country can have a direct effect on people and organizations in another (Kent & Taylor, 2011). This essay talks about the different issues that arise when PR goes international. It talks about how international and intercultural are different or related to each other. Examples with the help of international or global companies. International Public Relation presents issues related to culture, social and economic factors. There are different models as studied by different PR scholars, the two main International PR models are the personal influence and the cultural interpreter model. When it comes to PR practitioners that are expected to develop contacts with important people then the personal influence model is applied and when PR practitioners are expected to understand local cultural practices for multinational companies than the cultural interpreter model is applied (Grunig, et al. 1995). There are certain conditions that influence International PR that are social and political. Taylor and Kent (2008) challenge the statement that citizen publics are the most important when it comes to PR, stating that in many developing countries, government is the most important public (Taylor and Kent 2008). Kent ant Taylor (2008) study on Bosnian PR seeks to explain international PR by extending general approach, which is based on the excellence theory of PR (Grunig et al., 2006) and suggesting a way to study and evaluate international PR practice with the help of normative approach. Kent and Taylor (2008) have stated that PR practitioners... ... middle of paper ... ...Relations 135-148. Zaharna, R.S. 2008. "Intercultural communications and international public relations: exploring parallels." Communications Quarterly 85. Edwards, Lee, and Caroline E. M. Hodges. Pulic Relation, Society and Culture. New York: Routledge, 2011. L’Etang, Jacquie. "Public Relations and Diplomacy in a Globalized World: An Issue of Public Communication." American Behavioral Scientist, 2009: 607-626. Smith, Ronald D. Strategic Planning for Public Relations. Routledge, 2012. Olędzki, Jerzy. "Public relations without ethics will face the same fate as propaganda. Research reflections (Case study of PR associations in Poland)." Hatzios, Ada, and Ruthann W. Lariscy. "Perceptions of utility and importance of international public relations education among educators and practitioners." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 63, no. 3 (2008): 241-258
Newsom, D., Turk, J., & Kruckeberg, D. (2013). This Is PR: The Realities of Public Relations
Toxic Sludge is designed to shock readers by stressing the negative side of each circumstance; even though the information presented is a left wing point of view I do believe the work is a justifiable criticism of the PR industry because the tactics used were harmful to American democracy and in some cases the health and wellbeing of the public at large. According to an analysis by Dr. Donn Tilson, accredited member of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), not all PR practitioners utilize such tactics, however, many do and that type of PR poses a threat to democratic values, he goes on to state, “it is ultimately a manifestation of the deeper contradictions in corporate America...the road back to a truly democratic society lies in educating ourselves about the power of propaganda in our lives” (Tilson, 1997). As the general public continues to educate itself about the practices (good and bad) in the field of PR it is even more important that our firm maintain professional procedures that are in-line with the PRSA code of ethics.
Not knowing what to do, businesses tried to buy out journalists to silence them and to pay for advertisements in the newspapers (Seitel, 2006, pg. 29). This strategy did not work for long however because “the best way to influence public opinion was through honesty and candor” (Seitel, 2006, pg. 29). Out of this idea came the first great public relations counselor, George V.S. Michaelis
...blic is well aware of the poor PR practice, drawn attention to by the media, that is amongst some organisation and individuals, however it cannot be justified that all PR practitioners don’t abide by ethics and morals.
The discipline of public relations is a modern profession which has been in existence for only close to a century; however, it has already taken an important role in the fields of business, government, entertainment and non-profit organizations including educational institutions and healthcare organizations. Public relations professionals are required to have excellent organizational, interpersonal and communication skills and have the ability to persuade the public. It is imperative for PR professionals to effectively communicate with its public in order to establish and maintain a positive relationship. Furthermore, public relations professionals must have the ability to work under pressure and effectively manage crisis which may have detrimental effect on the company and the public it serves. State purpose of paper and an overview of what will be covered in the introduction
We are currently in an era where the profession of public relations is widely viewed as being “spin doctors” and hype can often eclipse reality. Most individuals see public relations as people who manipulate the public mind, rather than tell the truth. We are often accused of distorting reality, propaganda and withholding information. With these circumstances, you could have thought that “ethical public relations” was an oxymoron. Although not everyone is in tune with today’s public relation’s world, it is critical to assert a practitioners' beliefs of ethics in the practice of public relations. Being an ethical public relations practitioner is fundamental, especially when it is your duty to build trust and enhance stakeholders’ reputations.
Tench, R. & Yeomans, L. (2006). Exploring public relations. 2nd ed. Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall.
There are many definitions of Public Relations and the basic definition is typically the same. However, interpretation of how PR is conducted plays a role in the outcome of many definitions of PR. For example, PR can be positive or negative depending on if the information is skewed with the intent to persuade in a positive or negative manner. Politicians use PR to influence voters to vote for them and to make their opponent look bad. PR encompasses so many areas and includes the public which are both internal and external (Seitel, 2004).
Furthermore, a public relations career is much more closely grouped with media relations these days than journalism. In the book, Making it in Public Relations: An Insider’s Guide, it is said that Media relations is the most dominant function of public relations. Its basic role is the origination of press information and the handling of requests from the media about a specialist’s subjects and activities. After all, the main goal of specialists is to present a positive public image of their client to the public (Mogel). The possible types of clients and fields vary wildly from each other. Some specialists can work in public relations consulting firms and hold campaigns for many clients. Other specialists can work in the advertising departments of major brands and w...
For developing and successfully realizing public relations campaign abroad, acknowledgment of different cultural values are imperative. Using the same public relation tactics and techniques that would work in the USA, they will have a high chance of failing abroad. Any international organization would face certain obstacles
Today, public relations is a complex profession by thousands of thousands of people all the world to practice. Almost all large and small organizations have their own public relations department or they need to outsource their public relations to a company. Public relations practitioners work for schools and universities, companies, governments, professional and trade associations, hospitals, hotels, non-profit charities, and other else more (Grunig, 2001). Therefore, PR is an important department for organizations.
Ethics, as according to Johanessen, Valde, & Whedbee (2008, p. 1) is a study that argues what should be the grounds principles for right and wrong human behaviour. There are public relations scholars from Kruckeberg (1998) have made a point to relate universal ethical values as professional values. It is therefore necessary to integrate these values into the public relations profession. The Institute of Public Relations Singapore (IPRS) has supported this in their code of ethics. A principal stated that, “A member shall conduct his professional activities with respect for the public interest and the interest of the profession.” This means that every decision and strategy that the public relations practitioner should account for their employee, client or community. However, a report done by
With the rapid growth in globalization there are a number of firms who have taken their businesses abroad. Their challenge, cross cultural management and communication. An effective communication strategy begins first with understanding who the sender of the message is and who the receiver of the message is. Many companies have realized this and offer training in the different cultures to help better facilitate communication between leaders (Cross-Cultural Communication, mindtools.com). Without this basic understand between sender and receiver it can be very difficult for companies of multicultural to even begin to communicate. The second important understanding is that leaders must demand a cultural tolerance of acceptable behavior between cultures to facilitate effective communication (Cross-Cultural Communication, mindtools.com).
Public relations is everywhere today. It is a practice that has become an important aspect of any business venture. Whether an organization is not for profit, for profit, or governmental, they still need and desire to communicate their purpose within the community and public relations allows this to happen. There are several publics in which the PR practitioner must correspond with and each requires a different means of communication. Internal publics are inside the organizations such as clerks, managers, and stockholders. "External publics are those not directly connected to the organization: the press, government, educators, customers, suppliers, and the community" (Seitel, 2004). Each public plays a key role in the PR of the organization. The many functions of PR can also be categorized based on what purpose they serve the organization.
The public relations field, as highlighted by Sriramesh and Vercic (2009), is unmistakably multicultural and multinational as it entails “strategic communication… with relevant publics, many of whom are increasingly becoming culturally diverse” and international. Despite this, scholars have debated whether public relations practice is, as Tayeb (1988) had coined, “culture-free” or “culture-specific”. Hickson, Hinings, McMillan, and Schwitter (1974), who supported the former, asserted that the attributes of organisations, such as its structure, and their circumstantial elements are stable across societies. On the flipside, Hofstede (1991) and Tayeb (1988) disputed the culture-free approach by arguing that people are acculturated in various ways, “which makes each individual a unique personality” (Sriramesh and Vercic 2009).