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Expansion of the Islamic empire
Expansion of the Islamic empire
Thesis statement of how islamic empire expanded
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The Islamic empire expanded using three methods. These methods included military conquest, political means, and financial incentives. All of these helped Islam to spread from Northern Africa to Spain and to parts of Western Asia by the ninth century.
One way that Islam spread was through Military Force. Document A, has some reasons why Islam spread. In the battle 24,000 Muslims took part. With the help of Allah, some 70,000 of them were put to death and the rest of the army took fight reaching as far as Palestine, Antioch, Aleppo, Mesopotamia and Armenia. The battle was the fiercest and bloodiest fight ever.
In document B, the Treaty of Tudmir was signed in 713 CE between ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, the commander of the Muslim forces invading Spain,
and Theodemir, the Christian King of a region in southern Spain. The Christians will not be forced in matters of religion, their churches will not be burned, nor will scared objects be taken from the realm. The commanders followers will not be killed or taken prisoner, nor will they be separated from their woman and children. Document C, is about Fred Donner. He is a historian at the University of Chicago who specializes in early Islam and early Islamic expansion. Tribesmen in the Islamic armies who rebelled against the government in power now did so at cost of losing the stipends that the regime provided. In most cases, it appears that these individuals were required to embrace Islam in order to receive their stipend. So the way it expanded was that there was many Muslims who have fought in the battle. They fought because so that they can safe there life and their families. Lots of these fights were because dislikes and government. That’s why it expanded.
Because of Islam’s holy book, The Qur’an revolved a lot around the sacred language, Arabic, which was very beneficial for trade. Since the text in The Qur’an was in Arabic, it helped spread language, religion and culture when people traded it (Outside Source: Spread of Islam Background Reading Packet). This helped spread Islam because a lot of people read it, they may have thought of the same way and told themselves that they should become and adherent (Adherent: “Sticking to” or “ Having Faith in”) to Islam (Doc
The ancient cultures of Mesopotamia and Egypt developed into successful civilizations. One civilization the Egyptians developed was in the Nile River valley. Based off the "Mesopotamia and Egypt DBQ" packet, "Ancient Egypt was an advanced civilization in many areas including religion, architecture, transportation, and trade. Ancient Mesopotamia was one of the first civilizations that developed a form of government as well as organized people in political states." Based on the documents, Egypt and Mesopotamia developed into successful and advanced civilizations by effectively using the resources that surrounded them to solve problems and live happily.
The spread of Islam was from 632-661. The battle in al-Yarmuk was of the fiercest and bloodiest. According to Document A: Battle of the Yarmuk (Modified), “Among them was Hind, daughter of ‘Utbah and mother of Mu’awuvah ibn-abi-Sufyan, who repeatedly exclaimed, “Cut the arms of those non-Muslims with your swords!” This can mean that the Muslims took pride in the fight and fought bravely. With this pride in place, “By Allah’s help, some 70,000 of them [the Greeks} were put to death…” Through the battle, “they reached as far as Palestine, Antioch, Aleppo, Mesopotamia, and Armenia.”
One forceful way that islam was spread was through laws made by the government. It may sound like a stretch at first, but when the government ordinances on document E are
In 1500 the attitudes towards trade and more specifically merchants, varied greatly. One’s religion was a major contributor to how individuals viewed merchants. Christians and Islamic people shared many similarities in their views (Documents 1, 4, and 5). For example, they believed that trade leads to unvirtuous lives, also believed that merchants were often corrupt. On the other hand, Muslims and Christians had opposing views in terms of merchants and their objectives (Documents 6 and 7). Some Christians believed that merchants are an important part of economic well being and they benefited the society and many artisans. Opposingly, the Islams believed that merchants only benefited themselves and rid other people of products. Throughout the
Three Muslim empires rose during the spread of Islam. These empires are different, yet also similar. They are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. They united other Muslims but also conquered other territories to form their own empires.
Clearly protection, trading and Islamic religion are the three reasons why I think Islam is spreading so quickly. These are not the only reasons but major ones. Islam is continuing to grow around the world. Someday it may the the world's largest religion but only time will
Whereas Christianity, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism converted already existing empires to their own views, Islam created its empire from
All across cultures in history, varying groups of beliefs have come into contact with one another. As for early Muslims, military expansion and travel were key components for spreading the Islamic religion to foreign nations. However, not all exchanges were hostile or wholly based on the conquest of exotic lands. Some interactions solely were based on capturing lands to control, while allowing non-converters to remain in the area as the military continued forward gaining new territory. The primary sources, The Viking Rus, Peace Terms with Jerusalem, and The Pact to Be Accorded to Non-Muslim Subjects provide insight on how Muslims interacted with other religious groups. Early Muslims saw the expansion of Islam through conquest, travel, and trade with foreign cultures and beliefs, all while having unusual exchanges with each faith.
For example, the spread of Islam to the Byzantines and the Persians. The other caliphs (Umar, Uthman and Ali) expanded the Islamic empire rapidly and grew faster than any other religion. The Muslims conquered a massive amount of land from the Indus River, across North Africa and into Spain. There were many factors that helped Islam succeed; for example, people would rather fight for God and their salvation instead of fighting for a king, the use of military force by the Muslims and how easy it was to convert to Islam.
The modern world is linked through networks of communication and exchange between peoples. These exchanges between regions has changed cultures, economics, and politics. Through time the cultural influence between regions has consisted of many factors and elements but comes down to the spread of religion and religious teachings , movement of peoples, technological and cultural advancements affecting trade and commerce. Beginning with the Middle Ages in the years 1100-1500 , Africa, Asia, and Europe developed and influenced each other in several different ways. Starting with religion. The birth of Islam in the Middle East rapidly spread throughout Afro- Eurasia. Islam was attractive to people who were uninterested in the requirements of Christianity and the Church.
In the 16th century, the Mesopotamia had served as an intermediate for trade between Europe, Africa, and Asia. It was also an important supplier on food goods on foreign trade, especially silk and cotton. Other than the Ottoman Empire who had control over it, they also had there competitive rivals, the Persian Safavids who also had control over it. The Persians Muslim faith clashed with the Ottoman’s devotion to Sunnism. Both groups had fought economically for the control over the western trade routes to the East. The Ottomans had captured Europe’s largest city, Constantinople, in May 1453. After it was captured, the Ottoman’s had renamed it Istanbul, as it became the city capital of The Ottoman Empire.
Karabell, Zachary. "The Jews of Spain." In Peace be Upon you: The Story of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish Coexistence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007. 71-81.
The Islamic Golden Age began in the 7th century and lasted until the end of the 13th century. There were two Islamic Golden Ages. The first Golden Age lasts about two centuries from the 7th century to the 9th century. In this Golden Age, society is being integrated in political, social, and moral dimensions of Islam (Lapidus 14). The second Golden Age lasts about five centuries from the 9th century to the 14th century. During the second Golden Age the state and religious institutions were separate, leaving the political and religious elites divided (Lapidus 13). Muhammad, not an immense influence starting out, had strong political and economic influence during early Islam, because not only was he a prophet but the political leader of southern Arabia.
Islam is a major world religion. Its origin can be traced back to 610 CE in Arabia. The basis of this religion is the revelations to the prophet Mohammad. Dissatisfied with his life, he traveled to deserts, hills, and the wilderness surrounding Mecca, where he lived, to meditate and reflect. He became a new man through his revelations, which many of his followers believe Allah transmitted to him through his angel Gabriel. Islam was originally an Arab religion, but many different beliefs and practices were added to it, making it extremely popular and aiding in its rapid spread. This new religion spread to many different areas surrounding Arabia, both under Mohammad and after his death. The Muslim Empire grew to encompass Spain and the Eastern Roman Empire as well Persia and Africa. Many different practices and methods were used to spread Islam. The religion itself was appealing to, in addition to the inhabitants of Arabia, other people in the surrounding areas because of its distinct religious beliefs and practices, such as the five pillars, as well as the humility and prayerfulness of the Islamic people. They fought cruel, vicious wars with their enemies. Many different things motivated the warriors to expand, but above all, the riches they would gain from the people of the Fertile Crescent encouraged them to expand.