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Science in the middle ages
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Ferdinand was born in Sada Palace, in the Kingdom of Aragon to John II of Aragon. When Ferdinand of Argon and Isabella of Castile married they did so with an understanding “that they amount to the same and to the same they amount”. This agreement was legalized by the courts through a prenuptial agreement. This was significant in that it would bring a union between the crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Castile. The marriage between Isabella and Ferdinand was not a romantic one in nature. This is what my generation would refer to as a power couple. The kingdom of Aragon also included important kingdoms such as Valencia, Sicily, and Naples. Throughout this paper I will discuss the power of the Catholic monarchs Isabella and Ferdinand. They were
King Ferdinand and Isabella are known as one of the most famous couples in the world. Isabella who was the daughter of King John II of Castile and Ferdinand was the son of King John I of Aragon were married to create unity between the two kingdoms. At the time of their marriage the spanish moors were in control of a big chunk of Spain.
One question posed by the authors is “How did Columbus’s relationship with the Spanish crown change over time, and why?” In simple terms, Columbus’s relationship with the
The given documents are examples of the monarch’s ability to assert their authority through word. The different proclamations illustrate the problems of the time, and how the assumed power of the monarch addressed it. It is assumed that their power goes to include power over the church and all papal authority, ultimate power over Parliament, power over other lands, and it goes as far as suggesting that their power has been bestowed upon them by God. The assumed nature and extent of the Tudors’ power alters over time, each king reacting to a different situation. King Henry VII establishes a strong and clear claim to the crown for the Tudors when there were doubts about his claim. King Henry VIII extends the power of the monarch by annexing the
For instance, in 1481, the “Catholic Kings” were what Ferdinand and Isabella were known as. The kingdom of Castile and Aragon were ruled together, but not as countries. It was a union of crowns (Isaacs). “The two kingdoms maintained their separate l...
Prescott, History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic, edition of 1838, i, p. 390; ii, p. 40.
Isabella d’Este left behind not only the great works of art that she collected and commissioned during her lifetime but a treasure trove “amounting to upwards of two thousand letters, which have fortunately been preserved.” Through these letters, scholars learn what kind of woman Isabella was, and what she expected from her patronage. One such example of Isabella’s correspondence is the “chronicles of [her] efforts between 1496 and 1505 to obtain the Battle Between Virtue and Vice from Pietro Perugino.” The Marchesa undoubtly, one of the great art patrons of her time, she lived among the masters of Renaissance art.
Many people have heard of Queen Isabella of Spain who changed Spain and the New World. Although many people see Queen Isabella as a mean, nasty, and ignorant person, she changed history forever by fighting over the power of the Kingdom with her brother and fighting the Muslims Moors to take back Spain into Catholic power. Although her marriage was struggle, they united the two Spain kingdoms, which previously had been separated. She also was the person behind the voyage of Christopher Columbus and much more to effect the world of history.
The Journal of Christopher Columbus is the day to day journal/diary writing of Christopher Columbus. He started taking notes of his journey starting the year of 1492. This took place mostly on his voyage over the Atlantic Ocean on his way to the Indies, and also on the lands he discovers on the way to his destination. He wrote every day of his journeys as a journal to the king and queen of his discoveries.
Theodora Jankowski’s article argues that despite the Duchess’ failure to create a “successful means by which she can rule as a woman sovereign”, she defies “Jacobean society’s views” (Jankowski 222) concerning the depiction of the female body and sexuality. The contradictions in the notion of a female ruler are explored in the ways the Duchess is presented using her “body natural and body politic” (222). Jankowski points out that instead of using her body’s potential for power, the Duchess attempts to divorce her natural body from her political body, and in turn separates her public and private lives. By keeping her second marriage and children private, she creates a triple position as wife, mother, and ruler, and therefore becomes a threatening figure, especially to her brother Ferdinand who sees her private life as unacceptable and over sexual. Jankowski explores the Duchess’ journey from ruler, to wife and mother, to eventually a suffering martyr. She concludes that even though the Duchess refuses to unite her body natural and her body politic, the nature of her marriage is revolutionary and challenges social custom and foregrounds her character in its subversive ideology with great power (244).
Green, Jennifer L. "The Development of Maritime Law in Medieval Spain: The Case of Castile and the Siete Partidas." The Historian 58.3 (1996): 575. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Nov. 2015. .
Marco Polo was born in the city-state of Venice to a leading family of merchants in 1254. At the time of his birth, Venice was a center for trade in Europe and a very powerful city-state. Because Venice was a trading power, many merchants like Niccolò and Maffeo Polo, Marco Polo’s father and uncle, became very rich and influential: “Venetian trade was expanding at a rate which was never again to be equaled . . . many Venetian merchants made their fortunes through carrying trade in the Black Sea. Among these were the Polos, who owned a house in the Crimean port of Soldaia.” Niccolò and Maffeo traded goods, such as silks and dyes from the Near East, to places like Constantinople and Crimea. Along with his father and uncle, Marco Polo accomplished many things, but he is most remembered for his journey along the Silk Road and the discoveries he made during the journey. The travels and discoveries of Marco Polo, as well as his legacy, made Polo one of the most important people of the Middle Ages.
Both Cesare and Ferdinand are admired by Machiavelli as perfect examples as to how princes are to conduct themselves and how they are to rule their principalities. Both “new princes” were able to build the foundations necessary for their rule, overcome possible threats and most importantly, made sure they were not hated by the people. The only difference was that Cesare was not able to rule to his full potential. Borgia was just as ruthless as Ferdinand and so talented, that he knew how to win over people or destroy them and he had built up such solid foundations for his power for such a short time that if weren’t for his bad choice regarding the papacy and his illness, he would have overcome every obstacle. In comparison to Machiavelli, Ferdinand is also similar in that both understood the nature of beings and both understood that any action pursued under the name of God would be justified. Religion, in Ferdinand’s case was simply a tool to foster his love of power. Machiavelli’s approval of Ferdinand is mainly focused on the king’s recognition and ability to use religion to fuel his power, politics and military endeavors. He had the virtue required to carry out these acts and he did so with such frequency and in a way that prevented his people or anyone else from catching on to his real motives of expanding and solidifying his power. In
During the Spanish Renaissance “Madrid was a relatively sleepy, provincial town perched high on a central plain of Spain in 1561” (“Renaissance”). In 1561 Madrid became the center of the royal government (“Renaissance”). After Madrid became the center of government it also became the home of the most vigorous theater life by 1600 (“theater”). Spain was slowly improving piece by piece. Although it was improving slowly modern Spain was still in the process of being created in the 16th century (“Renaissance”). The late 16th and early 17th centuries was one of the great times for the arts and literatures of the country (“Theater”). The 17th century was known as the golden-age in Spain (“Renaissance”). Unlike many other parts of Europe religious dramas were a vital part of the 16th and 17th centuries along with Italy’s influence on Spain because of close ties in trade, culture, and language (“Theater”). While in the 15th century Castile and Aragon were joined together by the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, Spain was ruled by two separate kingdoms for much of the 16th century. Each kingdom had their own set of customs, civic liberties, and law codes (“Renaissance”).
Moreover, for the full understanding of our analysis, it is really important to focus also on Dante 's political treaty titled 'de Monarchia ', which suggested the division of the temporal power from the spiritual one, whose theory was seen as extremely innovative for Dante 's time. In addition, Dante 's universal Monarchy became a very controversial topic during the Middle Ages, as he theorised that the Communes had the need to keep their own autonomy from Pope 's political interference.
Not many people in the sixteenth century traveled across the globe. However, two voyages successfully set sail and traveled around the world. The first to travel around the world was Ferdinand Magellan who started his expedition on the tenth of August in 1519. Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish Expedition (Thatcher). About seventy years later, an English Expedition was organized and set sail in 1577 with Sir Francis Drake as a sea captain (Pretty). Ferdinand Magellan started his expedition with five ships and around two-hundred fifty men, while Sir Francis Drake started his expedition with five ships and one-hundred sixty-four men. Throughout these two expeditions, many discoveries were made. One discovery was land,