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In the case study “Is It Permissible to Shut Off this Pacemaker?” (Yates & Orr, 2008) there are dilemmas, facts and ethical principles that must be looked at in order to do a proper analytical analysis. The writer will discuss the persons/agents involved, the main dilemma, state the facts, ethical and moral principles that are relevant, as well as assess and try to resolve the dilemma.
Persons/Agents in Case
The main persons involve in this are the patient and patients’ family along with health care professionals that work for the hospital or within primary care. Dorthea is the main person involved. Her family consists of her daughters, grandchildren and great grandchildren. The agents involve at the hospital are the cardiologist, ethics consultant and her primary care physician.
Dilemma
The main dilemma in this case study is that the patient wants her pacemaker shut off. She wants to stop the pacemaker as she believes this will end her life. She wants to end her life because she is miserable and feels she is making her family miserable. Although she believes this will end her life the cardiologist and primary care physician know that is not necessarily true. This could be a much longer process than she may think. Now the ethics consultant has been asked to meet with Dorthea and her family regarding the ethical/moral issues and medical rules about this dilemma.
Examining the Facts
Dorthea is a 69 year old woman who until about 5 years ago was healthy. Her husband passed away 3 years ago. In the past 5 years she has developed diabetes, decreased kidney function and transient heart block. Diabetes is a “lifelong condition where either your body does not produce enough insulin, or your body cannot use the insulin...
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...ie might be of more importance as it seems she is doing this because she feels like she is a burden to family. Maybe having counselling and social work involved could help her see that her life may be worth living. Ultimately in this case we need to realize that if the pacemaker is removed she will not die from its removal. She will die from the secondary complications of having an ineffective pumping heart and therefore will die from other comorbidities. In health care it is difficult to keep in mind that “autonomy may come into conflict with other values such as beneficence and justice” (Yeo, Moorhouse, Khan, & Rodney, 2010, p. 197). This primary physician has asked the ethics consultant to address the question of shutting it off and therefore brings the writer to believe he is willing to do so as long as all the legal, ethical, and moral bases are covered.
American Medical Int’l, Inc. According to this theory, individuals’ decisions are guided by what they are supposed to do, not by consequences or effects. That is to say, a person’s action is ethically right if it coincides with a prevailing moral duty (“Deontological Ethics,” 2007). In the dilemma involving the patient Riser, Dr. Lang violated the theory of deontological ethics by not performing his duty of acquiring informed consent from the patient. By standard of conduct, Dr. Lang was supposed to present a consent form to Riser prior to the operation that would explain the procedure of a femoral arteriogram (although it was supposed to be bilateral arteriograms instead) and thoroughly explain the possible benefits and risks of the procedure. As a result, the patient should have the right to decide whether the femoral arteriogram should be performed or not. However, Riser was not aware of the femoral arteriogram at all. Therefore, deontological ethics should have been followed, which would advise Dr. Lang to follow the ethical duties of a healthcare professional, and those include obtaining informed consent from the
...the responsibility to exercise the wishing on the behalf the patient. Hospital has the right to enforce the wishes of the individual. Many time family members are so emotional and tried to reverse the patient wishes in court but the court has many times sided with a appointee the appointee has the right to make importance decision in the care of the patients, for example:
Healthcare creates unique dilemmas that must consider the common good of every patient. Medical professionals, on a frequent basis, face situations that require complicated, and at times, difficult decision-making. The medical matters they decide on are often sensitive and critical in regards to patient needs and care. In the Case of Marguerite M and the Angiogram, the medical team in both cases were faced with the critical question of which patient gets the necessary medical care when resources are limited. In like manner, when one patient receives the appropriate care at the expense of another, medical professionals face the possibility of liability and litigation. These medical circumstances place a burden on the healthcare professionals to think and act in the best interest of the patient while still considering the ethical and legal issues they may confront as a result of their choices and actions. Medical ethics and law are always evolving as rapid advances in all areas of healthcare take place.
The ethical principle of non-maleficence demands to first do no harm and in this case protect the patient from harm since she cannot protect. Nurses must be aware in situations such as this, that they are expected to advocate for patients in a right and reasonable way. The dilemma with non-maleficence is that Mrs. Boswell has no chance of recovery because of her increasing debilitating mental incapability and the obvious harm that outweighs the intended benefits. If the decision were to continue treatment, the suffering of the patient and family would be evident. Autonomy is the right to make your own decisions and freedom to choose a plan of action.
This can be seen in the case study as ethical and legal arise in resuscitation settings, as every situation will have its differences it is essential that the paramedic has knowledge in the areas of health ethics and laws relating to providing health care. The laws can be interpreted differently and direction by state guidelines may be required. Paramedics face ethical decisions that they will be required to interpret themselves and act in a way that they believe is right. Obstacles arise such as families’ wishes for the patients’ outcome, communicating with the key stakeholders is imperative in making informed and good health practice decision. It could be argued that the paramedics in the case study acted in the best interest of the patient as there was no formal directive and they did not have enough information regarding the patients’ wishes in relation to the current situation. More consultation with the key stakeholders may have provided a better approach in reducing the stress and understanding of why the resuscitation was happening. Overall, ethically it could be argued that commencing resuscitation and terminating once appropriate information was available is the right thing to do for the
...the patient’s family more within the assessment after obtaining the patients consent, but my main aim in this case was to concentrate the assessment, solely on the patient, with little information from the family/loved ones. This is a vital skill to remember as patients family/loved ones can often feel unimportant and distant toward nursing staff, and no one knows the patient better than they do, and can tell you vital information. Therefore involvement of family/ carers or loved ones is sometimes crucial to patient’s further treatment and outcomes.
Providers must act in the best interest of the patient and their basic obligation is to do no harm and work for the public’s wellbeing. A physician shall always keep in mind the obligation of preserving human life. Providers must communicate full, accurate and unbiased information so patients can make informed decisions about their health care. As a result of their recommendations, providers are responsible for generating costs in health care but do not generate the need for those expenses. Every hospital has both an ethical as well as a legal responsibility to provide care, even if the care may be uncompensated.
...to communicate with your patient in order for them to be updated with their family’s sickness. And also have compassion towards them. You are likely to see a lot of injuries and scenarios play out among patients that have been admitted to the hospital. There are many achievements in this field that you may accomplish. And priorities that you have to deal with. For instants your time you have to adjust your schedule.
acting completely in the patients interest and each of them are committing these actions to
There is great debate in this country and worldwide over whether or not terminally ill patients who are experiencing great suffering should have the right to choose death. A deep divide amongst the American public exists on the issue. It is extremely important to reach an ethical decision on whether or not terminally ill patients have this right to choose death, since many may be needlessly suffering, if an ethical solution exists.
The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) was implemented to allow patients to state “Do Not Resuscitate” (DNS), or to assign a surrogate decision maker in the event the individual is unable to make the decision. Closed cardiac massage was introduced in 1960 and still the health care provider operated in fear on who to actively resuscitate and they would sluggishly respond on patients who may not benefit based on extent of illness (Ball, 2009). The care providers operated in fear of litigation depending on the family’s response but was fairly relieved by introduction of the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA).
Since ethical dilemmas are not always easily answered through the use of The Code of Ethics, ethical decision-making models are effective tools that can assist nurses in dealing with ethical issues. Ethical decision-making models provide a framework for working through difficult choices. They seek to define the limits of what is morally acceptable and help clarify the guidelines for making those difficult decisions. Ethical decision making models assist nurses in analyzing situations by focusing on understanding the patient needs, need for responsiveness to circumstantial considerations, and recognizing the uniqueness of each situation.
Charlotte’s parents thought otherwise, the Ethics Advisory Committee had to get involved. The debate surrounded if the doctors were in the right to control the life of someone who were incapable of deciding themselves, or is it the parents right. The Ethics Advisory Committee, stated that the parents were superior to those of the hospital and the hospital should conduct with less painful test. Charlotte’s parents wanted the doctors to continue testing until it was determined that her life diffidently had no chance of remaining. Because, of Charlotte’s parents’ desires unfortunately caused Charlotte to die a painful death without her parents. If the patient is unable to speak for their selves, the family should be able to have some say in the medical treatment, however; if the doctors have tried everything they could do, the hospital should have final decisions whether or not the patient dies or treatment
In critical and complicating medical cases, family members often find it tedious to decide as to what mode or procedure of treatment is idyllic for the recovery of their patient. In such cases, well-qualified and medically educated can play a pivotal role in deciding the kind of treatment that should be given to the patient to enhance its recovery. In a contrary situation a nurse may know that administering a particular drug may improve the patient’s condition, but may be refrained from conducting the required action due to doctor’s absence or non-permission. There are numerous cases through which ethical dilemmas in the profession of nursing can be discussed. Nurses in order to remain within the defined boundaries ...
In conclusion, there are numerous legal and ethical issues apparent in the nursing practice. Nurses should study and be as informed as they can with ethics and legality within their field in order to ensure no mistakes occur. Ethical issues vary based on patient’s views, religion, and environment. Nurses are influenced by these same views, but most of the time they are not the same as the patients. As a nurse we must learn to put the care of our patients and their beliefs, rights, and wishes before our own personal