Is Cyclohexane Polar Or Heterogeneous Solution?

1. Is cyclohexane polar or nonpolar? (0.5 pt)

Cyclohexane is non polar giving its symmetry and that it is made of simply carbon and hydrogen.

2. Is toluene polar or nonpolar? (0.5 pt)

Toluene is non polar given it equal electron distribution in a covalent bond.

3. Would you expect cyclohexane and toluene to form a homogeneous or heterogeneous solution? (0.5 pt)

Given that cyclohexane and toluene are non-polar compounds, they will be miscible compounds to each other and they will form a homogeneous solution

4. What is the boiling point of toluene and cyclohexane? (1 pt)

The boiling point for toluene is 110.6oC, and for cyclohexane is 80.7oC .

5. Define vapor pressure. (1 pt)

Vapor pressure is the pressure of a gas above its liquid.

6.

What are azeotropes? (1 pt)

Azeotropes are mixture that do not follow Raoult's law and that distills at a constant boiling point and with a constant composition.

7. Does toluene or cyclohexane have a higher vapor pressure? Explain your reasoning. Use the relationship between vapor pressure and boiling point to explain your answer. (2 pts)

Cyclohexane have a higher vapor pressure since it has a low melting point. The vapor will enrich in the lower boiling-cyclohexane. Cyclohexane will evaporate first than toluene and more gas particle of cyclohexane will remain above the liquid, which is going to contribute more to the vapor pressure of the solution.

8. What is distillation and what is it used for? (2 pts)

Distillation is general technique used for removing a solvent, purifying a liquid, or separating the components of a liquid

mixture.
9. What is the difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation? Don’t use the difference in glassware as an explanation. (2 pts)
The difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation is that with fractional distillation we will have multiples distillations, occurring at the same time rather than one simple distillation. The fractional distillation will have a better separation of the components and it will yield a product with purity close to or equal to 100% to the lower-boiling component.
10.

How is distillation used in the oil industry? (2 pts)

Usually, fractional distillation is used in the oil industry to take advantage of all the products that can be extracted from a crude oil. In a column distillation, at different temperature, we can obtain various compounds that we use in our daily life, such as gases(butane), petroleum (cars), naphtha (chemicals), kerosene (jet fuel), diesel (trucks), fuel oil (power station), and residue (roads, and bitumen).

11. What is a gas chromatography used for? How does it work? (2 pts)

A gas chromatography (GC) is used for a quantitative analysis to separate mixtures with low melting point. Essentially a gas chromatography analysis use a thermal conductivity (TC) detector that will produce an electronic signal whose voltage is proportional to the amount of each component. Each component will reach the detector at different time. The components separate according to the polarity and volatility. Some components will move faster than others. The GC will print out a graph which plots the changes in voltage as a function of time.

12. Why should we heat the solution slowly? (0.5 pts)

The solution should heated slowly to ensure an optimal thermal

equilibrium.