Investigation to Find the Relative Energy Release of Five Alcohols: Ethanol, Methanol, Propanol, Butanol and Propanol Aim: In this experiment I will investigate to see which alcohol releases the most energy during combustion; Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol or Pentanol. Hypothesis: I think that the alcohols with the longest carbon chains will release the most energy. This is because when a bond is broken energy is released. This means that the alcohols with longer chains and therefore more bonds will release more energy. This will mean they will heat the water quickest. This should mean that Pentanol will heat the water by the largest mount in 5 minutes. However, because of the longer hydrocarbon chains and therefore more bonds, Pentanol will also be the hardest to ignite, least volatile and least viscous. Despite the larger requirement for input of energy, the amount created by the breaking of bonds should increase by more which will mean that Pentanol will still release more energy than Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol and Butanol. To test this I have performed several calculations. By using figures for the amount of KJ/mol that the breaking of various bonds (O-O, C-H, O-H, C-C, C-O) release I have calculated the amount of energy that is needed to combust each of the alcohols. GRAPH The calculations that I have performed have proved my theory to be correct. Pentanol is quite clearly the alcohol that should release more energy, more than five times as much as Methanol, but my experiment will show whether this extra energy can be put to good use, or if too much is wasted for it to be useful. The calculations show that Pentanol will release more energy. Even though the combustion product... ... middle of paper ... ...could have effected the amount of alcohol that was getting to the tip of the wick to be burnt. Also, the wicks were made of many different materials. Although the wick itself does not burn the different materials may have soaked up more of the alcohols allowing them to burn easier. However, I do think that the method that we developed was the best way that we could have done the experiment. The overall method was very successful and allowed us to complete the experiment efficiently. However, I would quite like to repeat the experiment. I would definitely try to change the method so that the experiment is in a more controlled environment. This would prevent several factors, such as the wind, from effecting or results as they did in this experiment. Overall the experiment was relatively successful and provided us with a fairly useless, but interesting, set of results.
To investigate the relationship between three different alkanols in terms of their carbon chain length, rate of increased temperature, and heat of combustion, in order to determine which is the most efficient at heating water to a certain temperature whilst reducing time and effects on the environment.
Converting 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol into 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone via oxidation reaction generated 0.270 grams. The product is confirmed through NMR. The second part of the experiment is to convert 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone into 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol via reduction reaction using the product obtained from earlier. However, due to the product having too many impurities, an industrial 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone was used for the experiment. The reaction generated 0.118 grams, a 99.2% yield rate. The NMR confirmed the product to be 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, with a ratio of 85% trans and 15% cis isomers. In compare to the industrialized alcohol, it has almost the same ratio. Besides L-selectride, trans isomers are more common. The reason as
Jade Lim is young Asian student with little previous exposure to alcohol. After consuming one and a half Bacardi Breezer’s (1.5 standard drinks) she begins to feel nauseas and has a pulsating headache. It is important to understand the mechanism of action of ethanol in order to determine the potential effects on the patient. This report will investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ethanol.
It is also possible for the alcohol product to be prepared from another combination of halides and ketones than the ones used for this experiment. For example, using methyl bromide and 2-heptanone. The Grignard reaction for these starting materials is shown
Chemistry is at the heart of all nutrition. Thus, to truly grasp alcohol, one must know the basic molecular compounds that the body consumes and divides. The most accessible energy resource the body ingests is carbohydrates (rice, beans, breads, pasta, sugar, fruit, etc…). Carbohydrates are made
Caffeinate drinks and energy drinks are very common on amongst adolescents, and the consumption of alcohol is also a regular occurrence among adolescents (Rohsenow et. Al, 2014). At that age, they may consume caffeine or energy drinks to wake themselves up or stay up late when working on homework assignments. Which at times can be helpful when working on multiple assignments. When a person consumes a certain amount of alcohol, he or she begins to feel drowsy/tired. There is nothing wrong with having a drink on occasions, especially if you drink responsibly. Recently people have begun to mix caffeine with alcohol, resulting in Alcoholic Energy Drinks. People buy and consume these drinks to combat the drowsiness that comes with drinking, so if he or she is out partying, it won’t interrupt his or her drinking and the can consume more alcohol because they will not feel as tired as quickly as the normally would. Alcoholic Energy Drinks have been a trend in recent years, and this is especially true among college and high school students (Kponee, Siegel, & Jernigan, 2014). Do Alcoholic Energy Drinks represent responsible drinking? Should companies mix caffeine and alcohol and sell it in stores? To go even further, should the drinks be legal in the United States? Alcoholic Energy Drinks are harmful because they affect the person’s ability to judge his or her level of intoxication, it also influences people to drink more than he or she should because he or she feels less intoxicated, and because of those reasons, people who consume Alcoholic Energy Drinks are more likely to drive while intoxicated, among other dangerous risk-taking behaviors (Kponee, Siegel, & Jernigan, 2014). Because of the adverse effects, Alcoholic Energy Drinks should...
one gram of water by 1ºC. I chose to use water because it is safe,
The goal of this experiment is to determine which products are formed from elimination reactions that occur in the dehydration of an alcohol under acidic and basic conditions. The process utilized is the acid-catalyzed dehydration of a secondary and primary alcohol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol, and the base-induced dehydrobromination of a secondary and primary bromide, 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane. The different products formed form each of these reactions will be analyzed using gas chromatography, which helps understand stereochemistry and regioselectivity of each product formed.
As a final point, the unknown secondary alcohol α-methyl-2-naphthalenemethanol had the R-configuration since it reacted the fastest with S-HBTM and much slower with R-HBTM. TLC was a qualitative method and ImageJ served as a quantitative method for determining which reaction was the faster esterification. Finally, 1H NMR assisted in identifying the unknown from a finite list of possible alcohols by labeling the hydrogens to the corresponding peaks.
Cushman, Lynd, Nichols, Wyman. “Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass.” Science. March 1991. Vol 251 (4999):1321
the same will be the height of the tin can above the wick. I will keep
Do you know what alcohol does to a human body over time? Alcohol has many characteristics that affect people differently. The different kinds of alcohol will affect individuals differently because of other variables such as body physique, how full one’s stomach is and how quickly the alcohol is consumed. Alcohol is considered to be a drug. It is under the class of a depressant, which means it slows down the vital functions. After drinking too much, alcohol can slur speech, produce unsteady movements, disturb perception, and slow reaction time. It also reduces a person’s ability to think rationally and distorts his or her judgements. Blood alcohol concentration is used to determine the level of intoxication of an individual by the weight
Ethanol is the only alcohol that can be drunk safely and is found in all alcoholic drinks. Throughout this investigation I am going to investigate to different factors that affect the breakdown of an alcohol. [IMAGE]e.g. Methane (HCO) + Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Aim --- I am going to investigate increasing the chain length and see what effect there is on the heat of combustion.
TYPE OF BOND ENERGY REQUIRED TO BREAK THE BOND (j) C-H 412 C-O 360 O-H 463 C-C 348. O - O 496 C = O 743 Below is the calculation of all the alcohols I have decided to use. They are as follows: Methanol has three C-H bonds, one C-O bond and one O-H bond, therefore the calculation would be: (3 412) + 360 + 463 = 2059.
Alcohol is an ethanol containing substance that is a common beverage in many social and private settings. Alcohol is also a teratogen, therefore alcohol co...