Investigating the Effect of Alcohol on Heartbeat of Daphnia
Daphnia are the organisms that are involved in this experiment to find
out what effect alcohol has on their heartbeat. It is easy to study
the effects of alcohol on the heart of Daphnia as the organ can be
easily seen through the transparent body of Daphnia. The number of
heartbeats may be counted before submersion in alcohol and after
submersion in alcohol to investigate the effect of alcohol.
Daphnia belong to the Phylum Arthropoda and are Branchiopoda which
belong to the class, Crustacea. Daphnia are invertebrates and also
have an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, a dorsal heart and open blood
system.
The effect of alcohol on humans is that it slows down the heartbeat,
so it may be that alcohol will have the same effect on Daphnia. WHY???
However, it is possible that the heartbeat of Daphnia may not decrease
if submerged in alcohol. This is because Daphnia differ to humans in
many ways firstly Daphnia are invertebrates whereas humans are
vertebrates. Also, like most crustaceans Daphnia live in an aquatic
environment and so it could be possible that the heart of Daphnia may
be adapted differently to respond to ethanol.
Alcohol effects the transmission of the nerve pulses along neurones to
produce the affect that it does so on the heartbeat of Daphnia.
Alcohol interferes with the nervous system by slowing down the nerve
impulses that are sent down neurones from the brain. Alcohol does this
by binding with the receptor sites where normally certain
neurotransmitters may only bind with the receptor sites in the
membrane. This means that the nerve impulses consequentl...
... middle of paper ...
... out a further investigation into the effect of
alcohol on the heartbeat of Daphnia I would want to determine where
exactly in the body of the Daphnia the alcohol affects. To find out if
the alcohol has a direct effect on the heart or if it affects the
nervous system I would dissect the heart from several Daphnia and
submerge only the heart in alcohol.
In future experiments it would also be interesting to find out the
effect of caffeine on the heart rate of the Daphnia and whether it
produces similar results to the experiment using alcohol or not. It
would also be interesting
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CONTENTS PAGE
Content Page
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Conclusion & Discussions
Evaluation- Variability Analysis
- Limitations & Errors
is translucent and I will be able to see its heart beating. I will do
For this experiment, it is important to be familiar with the diving reflex. The diving reflex is found in all mammals and is mainly focused with the preservation of oxygen. The diving reflex refers to an animal surviving underwater without oxygen. They survive longer underwater than on dry land. In order for animals to remain under water for a longer period of time, they use their stored oxygen, decrease oxygen consumption, use anaerobic metabolism, as well as aquatic respiration (Usenko 2017). As stated by Michael Panneton, the size of oxygen stores in animals will also limit aerobic dive capacity (Panneton 2013). The temperature of the water also plays a role. The colder the water is, the larger the diving reflex of oxygen.
Fortunately, when making its descent of hundreds of metres, the Plesiosauroid would have been able to exploit traits possessed by many of the reptile class. Many reptiles hold the ability to temporarily slow their heart rate to reduce their oxygen consumption, via bradycardia. This effect may be caused by low temperatures, such as is found deeper in the ocean, or may be voluntarily triggered by the animal.
To begin the lab, the variable treatment was prepared as the Loggerlite probe, used to later measure oxygen consumption, warmed up for approximately 10 minutes. To prepare the variable treatment, 200ml of Sodium and Ammo-lock water was measured in a container and a pre-prepared “tea bag” of tobacco was steeped in the room temperature treated water until a light yellow color was visible. After preparing the tobacco solution the preparation for the live goldfish began as two beakers were filled with 100 ml of treated water. Each beaker was weighed before addi...
minutes, the AHR escalated even more, to 369 bpm. See Table 5 and Figure 3.
Using a double pithed frog, three drug solutions were applied to the isolated frog heart. When applying the solutions to the heart, one to three drops were applied each time. Potassium, Calcium and caffeine were applied to the heart as inotropic and chronotropic affects were measured. Between each drug application, ringer solution was applied to the frog heart. Ringer solution is used to keep the frog wet and to rinse out each drug before applying the next. When measuring potassium (K+), the expected inotropic effects was negative and the observed was no effect. The expected chronotropic effects for K+ was negative and the observed was also negative. For calcium (Ca2+), the expected inotropic effects were positive and the observed was positive. The expected chronotropic effects for Ca2+ was positive and the observed was negative. When measuring caffeine, the expected inotropic effects was positive and the observed was also positive. The expected chronotropic effects for caffeine was positive and the observed was positive.
In 5 petri dishes used pipettes to gather 20 live brine shrimp and place in each dish. Labeled each petri dish accordingly and then observed the live brine shrimp in their controlled environment for 5 minutes. After the 5 minutes I counted the number of live brine shrimp and recorded the information. Hypothesis is that 20% concentration of ammonia will kill off 50% of the brine shrimp.
Although there are many organisms that live in the deepest part of the ocean, the lantern fish is one with many adaptations. Being amazingly adapted creatures, lantern fish have extremely small organs that are called photophores that shine light. The ligh...
The phenomenon of diving animal physiology has been known since the time of Aristotle (Berta, Kovacs, and Sumich, 2006). It was not until the early 20th century that the physiology of prolonged marine mammal divers were studied closely, and it has only been recently that scientists have been able to understand the complexities of diving (Berta et al., 2006). The physiology of diving incorporates the study of many different components of how animals function (Costa, 2007). There are many factors that contribute to the phenomenon of diving responses in animals, which include the circulatory system, ecological factors, behavioral instincts, and neurological factors (Withers, 1992). Diving animals all face the same mechanical physiological obstacles,
Exactly one week after my sixteenth birthday, a specialist in Roanoke diagnosed me with tachycardia. Tachycardia is just a fancy way to say that my heart beats too fast for my body. I wasn’t particularly scared but then it occurred to me, how do I live a normal teenage life with a heart condition? I constantly asked questions and still do today, but at least now I know that I can still have fun and I might get lucky and outgrow it within a few years. I may not be able to run around and play sports as much anymore, but I choose to look on the bright side; it could be worse, right? There are children that have this disease and their hearts are even faster than mine, which causes extensive medical issues, and without treatment can cause death.
In the article “The Effect of Alcohol on Your Body” by the author Ann Pietrangelo and Medically Reviewed by George Krucik, MD, MBA on June 30, 2014. Alcohol has a short term effect and long term effect on human bodies. The short term effects depending on how much people are taken and the physical condition of the individual, alcohol can cause: drowsiness, headaches, and unconsciousness. These issues commonly have effects on people when they start drinking alcohol. On the other hand, Long-term effects of drinking alcohol from people who continue to drink larger amounts of alcohol are associated with many health problems, including: Organs cancer, Permanent damage to the brain and car crash. These examples, which are high risk of people will
Now within the rest of this paper you will be finding a few different things getting discussed. Staring it off we will be discussing the articles that we have found to make our arguments and hypotheses. After wrapping up the literature reviews we will be discussing the hypotheses thus continuing onto our variables and indicators. Once we discuss our hypotheses we will be moving onto the research design. The research design will have our general issues, sampling, and methods.
I observed an educational health presentation on alcohol, presented by a group of future health education students at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. There were three presenters, Brook, Ian and Kelsey. At the beginning of the presentation the presenters asked everyone in the audience to come up with three words that came to their mind when they thought of alcohol, then the audience said their favorite word that came to mind and the presenters made a word cloud. Brook, Ian, and Kelsey then discussed how the word cloud represented the way people think of alcohol, which was mostly in a positive fun party hard kind of way. The group presenting used a powerpoint and really got the audience involved by asking questions and engaging the audience
Ethyl alcohol or ethanol, or most often known simply as alcohol, can come in the form of beer, wine, or liquor. A depressant affects the central nervous system, although many would believe it to be a stimulant. Many people get more energetic and stimulated, but this is only because alcohol affects parts of the brain that control judgment. The stimulant effect of alcohol actually amounts to depression of self-control.... ...
Biologically women are unable to metabolize alcohol as quickly as men. A women’s genetic and physical makeup impacts the role of addition. Drug cravings are more prevalent in women and women have a higher rate of relapsing after treatment. Society perceives women based on culturally defined gender roles. Often times woman are judged by their emotions to determine their level of intellect and may face scrutiny based on their substance of choice. There are stigmas placed on women to conform to societal norms such as beauty standards, maternal instinct, career oriented, feminine, self-restraint, patience and sensuality yet through all of this women are expected to be self-sufficient and free from temptation. These stigmas lead to some of the