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The state of science and technology during the middle ages
Technology in the middle ages
Technology in the middle ages
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Many things defined 16th and 17th century Europe. Most recall it to be the era of the Renaissance; of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign; of a time where industry took its first steps and people no longer thought the world to be flat. It was an era that led to the way we live today. But perhaps one of the most essential contributions to modern day society to come from this period of time is the technology. People have been creating things since the dawn of time itself. Ever since we humans took our first steps into the cold, difficult, unforgiving world, we’ve been thinking of new ways to make life, well, livable. We didn’t have fur, wings, claws, or anything else that lets the rest of the world’s creatures stay alive. But, we did have brains. And, since staying alive is a good thing, we learned how to use our brains to our advantage. From the first spears clumsily thrown at unsuspecting birds, to the iPhones we use as expensive flashlights to find the light switch, humanity’s been coming up with things that make our lives easier and easier. These inventions have shaped our very existence. They’ve brought us from being cave-dwelling, raw meat-eating Neanderthals to the top of the food chain. Then, after we conquered the elements, we set about conquering everything else. We made tasks that would normally take several days to complete take just a few hours. We shaped the land to suit our needs. And all the while, inventions were the source of our newfound power. With the Renaissance going on in full swing in the late 1500’s, people were enjoying their newfound lifestyle. But they were just getting fully recovered from the Black Death, which consequently killed off over half of Europe. One of the biggest reasons for the... ... middle of paper ... ...uld greatly improve the understanding of the language for the masses. The first English dictionary, Table Alphabeticall, wasn’t very useful, however. It was comprised of only 120 pages and 2,543 words defined very briefly. However, is paved the way for newer, fuller dictionaries to take its place. Its creator, Robert Cawdrey, published it in London in 1604. Dictionaries became much more useful as more and more words were added to them, and they are still used in modern society today. From dictionaries to toilets, the inventions of the Elizabethan era have done quite a lot to improve the world. We as humans have become much cleaner and well-educated than we have ever been (even if it doesn’t seem like that at times). Inventors and their inventions continue to help shape society today. And, with any luck, we’ll be prepared the next time we have a plague.
During the Elizabethan period Europeans mainly focused on warfare. War required long range weapons to slow down the approaching enemy and short range weapons were needed for combat. This era started the usage of combustion and developed cannons and pistols. The advancements of weaponry also lead to the advancements in armor from chainmail to plate armor. Various weapons and armor’s were needed for warfare during the Elizabethan period.
"The Black Death." World Eras. Ed. Norman J. Wilson. Vol. 1: European Renaissance and Reformation, 1350-1600. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. 435-438. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.
Some things are not as they seem. “Ring Around the Rosie” seems like a pleasant children’s nursery rhyme, but many believe it is actually a grisly song about the Black Death in Europe. The Black Death was a serial outbreak of the plague during the 1300s. During the Black Death, more than 20 million Europeans died. One-third of the population of the British Isles died from the plague. Moreover, one-third of the population of France died in the first year alone, and 50% of the people in France’s major cities died. Catastrophic death rates like these were common across all of Europe. However, just like the poem “Ring Around the Rosie”, the true effects of the Black Death differed from what many people believed. Though tragic, the Black Death caused several positive societal changes. Specifically, the Black Death helped society by contributing to the economic empowerment of peasants and disempowerment of nobility that led to the decline of manorialism, as well as by encouraging the development of new medical and scientific techniques by proving old methods and beliefs false.
The medicinal practices and problems of the Elizabethan Era were very important to the people, although they are very different from those of today. There were many different beliefs and diseases, like the Plague. Medicine was not an exact science and was related to Alchemy (Chemistry). Here, some of the many practices and beliefs of the Elizabethan Era will be discussed.
The destruction and devastation caused by the 'Black Death' of the Middle Ages was a phenomenon left to wonder at in text books of historical Europe. An unstoppable plague swept the continent taking as much as eighty percent of the European population along with it (Forsyth).
The Black Plague, perhaps one of the worst epidemics in history, swept its evil across Europe in the middle of the 14th century, killing an estimated 20 million people. This major population shift, along with other disasters occurring at the time, such as famine and an already existing economic recession, plunged Europe into a dark period of complete turmoil. Anarchy, psychological breakdowns, and the dissipation of church power were some of the results. As time passed, however, society managed to find new ground and began its long path of recovery. The plague, as catastrophic as it was to medieval Europe, had just as many positive effects that came with this recovery as it did negative effects prior. An end to feudalism, increased wages and innovation, the idea of separation of church and state, and an attention to hygiene and medicine are only some of the positive things that came after the plague. It could also be argued that the plague had a significant impact on the start of the Renaissance.
The Elizabethan era was an era of art above all else. Elegance reflected in all areas of the peoples’ lives. From the entertainment and language to the churches and castles, beauty shone bright.There were many vents for artistic creativity during the Elizabethan era; countless instruments, painting, books, playwright, and last but not by any stretch the least, architecture. Elizabethan architecture has a vast amount of variety and personality, the buildings reflected the pride of both the inhabitants and the builders.
The Black Death plagues had disastrous consequences for Europe in the 14th century. After the initial outbreak in Europe, 1347, it continued for around five years and then mysteriously disappeared. However it broke out again in the 1360s and every few decades thereafter till around 1700. The European epidemic was an outbreak of the bubonic plague, which began in Asia and spread across trade routes. When it reached Europe, a path of destruction began to emerge. Medieval society was tossed into disarray, economies were fractured, the face of culture and religion changed forever. However the plagues devastation was not all chaotic, there were benefits too, such as modern labour movements, improvements in medicine and a new outlook on life. Therefore in order to analyse the impact the Black Death had on societies in the 14th century, this essay will consider the social, economic, cultural and religious factors in order to reach an overall conclusion.
Religion was the central focus during the Renaissance, but due to dreadful diseases called the “Black Death”, the church and society had a fallout. The cause of the Black Death was due to bad bacteria being passed along by black rats and fleas. It started along the Silk Road, than made its way into the Mediterranean and Europe. Since the bad bacterium was being passed along so quickly, it was impossible to stop. Due to this, over 17-200 million people were killed. This event happened so fast, it was unbearable and people did not have enough time to react and prepare themselves. People were becoming sick, getting extreme rashes and even, tumours in necks, armpits, and groins. The community’s went downhill, business men and workers were dying, guilds lost their craftsmen, and crops were dying due to no one being able to farm. This also lead to a time where food was very limited, and starvation was accruing. As a result of all of this happening, the church and religions were being targeted. Majority of groups were targeting the Jews because they ...
Gottfried, Robert S. The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe. New York:
Roger Babusci et al. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1994. 115-136. Print. “The Medieval Period: 1066-1485.”
Elaborate gowns, lavish parties, palaces full of gold and silver- these are just a few thoughts that come to mind when one hears the term “Elizabethan Era”; however, there is more to this period than what meets the eye. The Elizabethan Era was a significant epoch in the United Kingdom’s history. Ranging from 1558 to 1603, this was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The Elizabethan Era, also known as the Elizabethan Age or Elizabethan Period, is said to be the golden age of English history, with a quite diversified public life, a rise in the fine arts, and numerous advancements in many technological and scientific fields.
Humans, like all other species, exploit their surroundings for the resources they need to survive. Our current exploitation of the world, however, is greater than those of most species. There are many reasons for this exploitation but we will focus on one and that is our technology, which is used for various purposes. Like a few other species, we use tools, but the hand-held tools that we originally used could only adjust extremely local conditions. Today we are able to shape entire regions and our technology has progressed to the point where we can level mountains and control the flow of rivers, something that was simply impossible a relatively short while ago. We can now modify our world relatively easily and quickly.
In the 21st century, we live in the era of technology-driven world. Humans never stopped the development of technology, because we always have a natural tendency to pursue a higher level of human being. Technology is the best evidence of human intelligence, which has shown that we are different from other animals. We have lived with technology since we were born. Although it has intervened heavily in our daily lives that we can’t no longer live without, nobody can deny the achievements it has brought to us.
There is no doubt that the accomplishments made through technology are astonishing. Technology has made amazing impacts on everything from science in space to medical science to the devices we use every day that make our lives easier. People are living longer and better than ever before, but we can’t forget how to live without it. “Just because technology is there and makes something easier doesn’t mean we should rely on it so much that we can’t think for ourselves,” (Levinson).