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The definition of terrorism
The definition of terrorism
The definition of terrorism
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There was a total of 64 people in that plane. A fourth plane United Airline Flight 93 was also reported to have crashed in New Jersey after some passengers tried to fight off the hijackers of the plane. All 45 on board the plane were also killed after the plane had flipped over and hit the ground. These crashes resulted in the death of over 3000 people on the soil of the United States of America. Reports shows over 10000 people were treated for various injuries with the most being severe. Investigations from all four incidents show there were 19 terrorists on board all four planes whose objectives kill people in sending out their message. They were member of Osama bin-Laden’s group Al-Qaeda. A well planned and almost complete attack without …show more content…
I will look to the similarities and differences between terrorism and interstate wars. Firstly, they both have different targets in sending out their messages. Interstate wars have a fought by soldiers in arms. They are the ones who have the skills and the know how to operate machines used in wars. Terrorist attack has innocent civilians as their targets. The attack on civilians is done to provoke an outrage for the population to get the government to alter a political decision or depart from certain areas. Just as in the above incident, they did that to send a message to the United States government to leave Iraq and secondly to wage a war on Christianity. Secondly, the element of surprise. Unlike wars, terrorism occurs at times that people least expect them to. Attacks in London, Bali and Milan and most recently Paris were surprises to most people. With modern day improvements to technology and surveillance in general, it is still difficult to predict when these attacks will occur because, unlike interstate wars, they are not required to declare war on states before attacking them. They are also not bounded …show more content…
Theorists as realists and liberal find it extremely irrational looking at the basis of the explanations given. In the world, there are clear laws that govern the global affairs yet terrorism has very limited laws with most acts against it being straight justice by bombings or military interventions. Most terrorists are killed even before made to face any the law. One theory that has for the past years sought to understand the acts of terror is the constructivism theories. A theory based solely on observation and scientific study on how people learn. It studies how the experiences and actions of people shape their understanding of the world. A core social constructivism scholar Alexander Wendt believes that International Relations “is not given but a construction”. He argues; “the impact of ideas and identities, how they are created, how they evolve and shape the way states respond to a situation.” “Constructivism seemed best placed in evaluating terrorism” (Lynch 2009). Per Wendt, interactions give up the identities of groups as terrorist groups with the world in general. To the sympathizer of the group, they view them as freedom fighters but states as the United States will object to that. They are known to be evil people who take the lives of innocent people. This constructivism uses to teach us that the issue of terrorism is indeed a social issue, hence the difficulty for
On September 11, 2001, the Islamic extremist group, al-Qaeda hijacked four american airlines. “Two of the airlines crashed into the world trade center in New York The third plane crashed into the Pentagon outside the world trade center, and the fourth plane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania” (9/11 Attacks). They called it a suicide attack against United States, but there are conspiracy theories the the terrorist are still alive. That they stole
Michael Walzer is an esteemed retired professor from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Walzer has written many books, essays, and articles. His essay, Excusing Terror, is one that best relates to the current events happening around the world. In this essay, Walzer talks about different reasons that people would want to resort to terrorism. In this essay I will argue Walzers view on Terrorism is correct in that terrorism is wrong because it is akin to murder, it is random in who it targets, and no one has immunity. I will also offer an objection to Walzer’s theory and explain why it is not a valid one.
The official story of 9/11 is a conspiracy theory in that the government claims 19 hijackers conspired together to hijack four planes and create terror in the world. Four American airplanes were hijacked; two were driven into the World Trade Centers and the third airplane into the Pentagon. The fourth airplane suspected target was the White House, but it was diverted by the brave men and women aboard that hijacked airplane, and crashed the airline jet before it could reach its target. It was like time stood still as America watched through television broadcast these unbelievable and horrifying events taking place. The reports told of the smell the jet fuel, burning flesh, and people jumping out windows to their death to escape the flames. When the two bravura structures tumbling down, rescuers, (police officers, firefighters, and ambulance drivers and techs) were caught in the mast and lost their lives doing their job trying to save lives.
Since there were no survivors, it’s almost impossible to tell what was true from the events in the movie. As a result, the writer and director of this film, Paul Greengrass, had to improvise and use the help from families that were in contact with the passengers during this time to create a credible story. “Every witness died, and assembling together what can remember from 37 mostly unrecorded phone calls made from the plane does not provide a clear or necessarily reliable picture. The film was finished before a transcript of the cockpit voice recording was released. That means that these scenes can only be a work of imagination, and largely improvised by the cast of United 93 . Greengrass had many things right on the movie starting from the basics, for example; the date of the event , the flight name and number, the location of its departure and its destination, the amount of people, where the hijackers were planning to go, and where and when the plane crashed. One of the most important things that this film got correct was how the terrorists took control of the airplane, which includes a fake bomb, knives, and directing all passengers and crew to the back of the plane. Also, the way the passengers realized that there was no way out of the situation and decided to work together to get control of the plane. What the movie also got right were the events that happened off the plane because all the people that were involved in this situation were alive to tell their side of the story. This included the events that happened on the control centers and the military base. In addition, there were also things that were either invented or speculated in order to make the story of the movie credible. This was shown from the start of the movie, where the terrorists were praying in a room before
Believers believes that the plane was purposely crashed by the four terrorist hijackers, cause of the courageous acts by passengers, who had learned of the crashes that had happened at the World Trade Center, they had crashed the plane in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It has been believed that the passengers tried to save many lives by fighting back and crashed the plane into the field. “Some believe that Flight 93 landed safely, while a substitute plane was shot out of the sky” Griffin. Others believe that the passengers were killed or relocated to another part of the world and will
On the morning of September 11/2001, 19 terrorist working for the Al Qaeda terrorist organization hijacked four commercial planes. They attempted to fly them into multiple U.S targets. One of the planes, American Airlines, flight 11, crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center at 8:50 a.m. Another plane, United Airlines, flight 175, crashed into the south tower at 9:04 a.m. These tragedies took the lives of nearly 3000 people and affected the lives of millions.
On September 11, 2001, the Islamist terrorist group known as al-Qaeda launched a series of terrorist attacks on the United States of America, specifically in the New York City and Washington D.C areas. Nineteen al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four planes with the intention of using them as suicide attacks that would crash those planes into designated buildings, or targets. Two of the four passenger jets were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, both of which collapsed entirely within two hours of being hit. The third plane was crashed into the Pentagon, and the west side of the building, which is the Headquarters of the US Department of Defense, partially collapsed. The fourth hijacked plane was intended for the US Capitol Building in Washington D.C, but instead crashed into a field in Pennsylvania after the passengers of the plane interfered with the hijackers. The attack on September 11th was devastatingly fatal—almost 3,000 people died in the attacks, including all of the al-Qaeda hijackers and every passenger aboard the four planes.
On September 11, 2001 a series catastrophic events occurred in New York City, New York. Al-Qaeda planned strategically conducted events, known as suicide attacks. Nineteen al-Qaeda members hijacked four commercial airplanes, including United Airlines Flight 93, American Airlines Flight 11, American Airlines Flight 77 and United Airlines 175. Two of the planes purposely crashed into the World Trade Center buildings. In addition, another plane crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, VA. and the fourth plane crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Those passengers on the fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, attempted to win control over the plane; however, there were no survivors.
... can all tie in together yet still be their separate types at the same time. State, religious, and international terrorism are probably the three most common types of terrorism the world experiences. When you look at where they are conducted, a lot happens in developing countries, you can start to see the big picture. Terrorism is everywhere, though it may be labeled different things in different areas. But in the end, it is a group fighting for a belief that they feel is just and true, and they will fight by any means necessary to protect that belief from any perceived threat, real or not. History has shown us that terrorism has always been around, though it has been labeled many things. It has also shown us that it is an evolving tactic, which proves that those groups who feel threatened can and will use any means to protect or fight for what they believe.
Finding a proper, well-accepted definition of what constitutes terror is extremely difficult. There are many challenges that confront scholars, experts, and everyday people when it comes to defining terrorism and terrorists. Differing backgrounds and cultures of those defining terror in addition to differing histories are just one of the many challenges facing those that wish to define terror. Furthermore, labeling a group or an individual as a terrorist could be considered offensive, especially in today’s politically correct environment, potentially damaging those in the political arena. However, on the flip side, labeling someone as a terrorist can also serve a political purpose as in the case of being propaganda towards a war effort, or to help define an enemy. Nevertheless, the main problem with not being able to have a widely accepted definition of terrorism is that “It is impossible to formulate or enforce international agreements against terrorism” (Ganor, 300).
In Module one, I learned that terrorism is a result of physical harm or deadly acts of force with the intent of a political outcome by the use of terror for coercion. There are various types of terrorism such as international terrorism and domestic terrorism. International terrorism occurs outside of the United States with a purpose to influence the policy of a government by intimidation. International and Domestic terrorism both involve violent acts dangerous to human life that violate federal and state laws. Domestic terrorism occurs within the United States with the intention of coercion or intimidation by way of mass destruction, etc. Some forms of terrorism include Improvised explosive devices (IED), kidnappings, suicide bombings and
There a small but clear differences between domestic terrorism and international terrorism, that difference is where the terrorist act is planned, supported, and carried out. In the case of domestic terrorism, the act must be planned, supported, and carried out all within the boundaries of the United States. The domestic terrorists must also be domicile to the United States and not be current foreign nationals at the time of the act. If the terrorist act is committed with help from a foreign group, planned or supported in a foreign country or committed by foreign nationals inside the boundaries of the U.S., then the attack may be international terrorism. The 9/11 attack was a clear act of international terrorism as it was planned, supported,
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
Justifying innocent slaughter suggests that terrorists believe that political or religious conflicts are more prominent than a segment of typically uninvolved humans. Not only does terrorism cause deaths, but it also negatively affects a country’s economy and religion. Terrorism causes more problems than “solving” problems terrorists may have. The first reason for asserting that terrorism cannot be justified is the slaughter of innocent people, which isn’t moral. Whether people uninvolved are killed isn‘t a concern to terrorists.
Political violence is the leading cause of wars today. Personal agendas have led to many of the political objectives that cause violence today this has caused many problems throughout the world and will continue to do so until a solution to this issue is found. Political objectives have been advanced involuntarily dependent upon the kind of government a nation exercises. For instance, in a democratic nation political groups must worry about convincing the majority in order to advance ethically. Those who try to influence the majority through acts of violence are considered today as “terror” organizations. Though perhaps if it were not because of the recent 9/11 terror attacks that maybe such warrants would not be seen as terror attacks, but instead the result of partisan advancement. Acts of terrorism have been around throughout the evolution of mankind. Terror attacks have even been traced back as far as the religious roots of an ancient middle east (Ross, Will Terrorism End?, 2006). However as man evolved, so did terrorism. Today’s extremism involves some of the main characteristics of ancient terrorism, but much more developed. Political advancement is no longer the root cause of terrorism acts. Instead influxes of “holy” wars have been appended the prior definition of terrorism. Mistakably modern terrorism has been confused for Political violence with political objectives, but research will establish that the nature of terrorism is fundamentally different from other forms of political violence.