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Benefits of patient autonomy
Doctor patient communication importance
Doctor patient communication importance
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The doctor-patient relationship has been the keystone in the healthcare system for many years. When catering to the medical needs, the physician in entrusted by the patient to be cured of the ailments. Thus, the physician is ethically required to think in the best interest of the patient. This raises the question whether the physician should also act in the best interest of the patient or award the total power of decision making to the patient. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the interpretive and the deliberative models of doctor-patient relationship with respect to the case of Lazaroff and then support which model is better in general. Emanuel and Emanuel candidly describe various models of the doctor-patient relationship …show more content…
A paternalistic doctor will act in the best interest of the patient by choosing the right medical treatment on the behalf of the patient without providing or withholding other viable options and without considering the values of the patient. It is a one-way communication channel that is solely dominated by the physician. Autonomy generally refers to the power of self-government (Merriam-Webster). However, in the field of medicine, autonomy or “patient autonomy” refers to the right to decide for one’s body without any exogenous intervention. Thus, the patient should be allowed to make his/her own medical decisions without any pressure or judgment from the doctor. It can be deduced that these two terms can be a source of contention if either one is preferred over the other. Hence, the balance between the two is the central point of discussion in the doctor-patient models which provide varying perspectives on the practice of medicine and are helpful when analyzing clinical …show more content…
The theoretical models are helpful in the discussion, but the clinical reality dedicates the otherwise. The models treat the patients outside of his/her social context. Most patients prefer family to be involved in the decision-making process. Also, under certain circumstances they might delegate decisions to someone else with better
Autonomy is a concept found in moral, political, and bioethical reasoning. Inside these connections, it is the limit of a sound individual to make an educated, unpressured decision. Patient autonomy can conflict with clinician autonomy and, in such a clash of values, it is not obvious which should prevail. (Lantos, Matlock & Wendler, 2011). In order to gain informed consent, a patient
According to Terrence F. Ackerman, as of the 1980s the American Medical Association had to include the respect for a person’s autonomy as a principle of medical ethics (Ackerman 14, 1982). This includes having the physician provide all the medical information to the patient even if the information could cause negative implication onto the patient. The physician is also expected to withhold all information of the patient from 3rd parties (Ackerman 14, 1982). Although it is seen as standard in today’s world, in
Goldman presents the patient’s ranking value as fixed and decided with no ability to change. In actuality, a patient’s ranking of different values can change depending on the circumstances. It is clear that when a patient goes to visit the doctor, they are ranking their health over other concepts because, at that point in time, their health has become their primary concern and they want to preserve it so they can continue to enjoy their other liberties.
Patient autonomy was the predominant concern during the time of publication of both Ezekiel and Linda Emanuel, and Edmund D. Pellegrino and David C. Thomasma's texts. During that time, the paternalistic model, in which a doctor uses their skills to understand the disease and choose a best course of action for the patient to take, had been replaced by the informative model, one which centered around patient autonomy. The latter model featured a relationship where the control over medical decisions was solely given to the patient and the doctor was reduced to a technical expert. Pellegrino and Thomasma and the Emanuel’s found that the shift from one extreme, the paternalistic model, to the other, the informative model, did not adequately move towards an ideal model. The problem with the informative model, according to the Emanuel’s, is that the autonomy described is simple, which means the model “presupposes that p...
I will be using the Gibbs, G. (1988) model of reflection to reflect upon for this essay, as this six stage cycle will guide me through the process of description to the action plan, as I find myself to be an active/reflective learner and feel that I can relate to, and learn something that is of value to my practice, and future career and lifelong learning skills through this model of reflection. Throughout this reflective account I will refer to the patient as Mr X, in order to respect confidentiality and maintain his anonymity (NMC) (2008), and local trust policies and guidelines (2009).
Within public health, the issue of paternalism has become a controversial topic. Questions about the ethics of public health are being asked. The role of ethics in medical practice is now receiving close scrutiny, so it is timely that ethical concepts, such as autonomy and paternalism, be re-examined in their applied context (Med J Aust. 1994). Clinically, patients are treated on a one on one basis, but public health’s obligation is toward the protection and promotion of an entire population’s health. So, based on this difference, the gaping questions targeting public health now becomes, under what conditions is it right to intervene and override an individuals’ autonomy?
Alan Goldman argues that medical paternalism is unjustified except in very rare cases. He states that disregarding patient autonomy, forcing patients to undergo procedures, and withholding important information regarding diagnoses and medical procedures is morally wrong. Goldman argues that it is more important to allow patients to have the ability to make autonomous decisions with their health and what treatment options if any they want to pursue. He argues that medical professionals must respect patient autonomy regardless of the results that may or may not be beneficial to a patient’s health. I will both offer an objection and support Goldman’s argument. I will
This provides people with control over their health care when they cannot speak for themselves. In other words, a health care directive is a legal document recognized by a legislative body to promote autonomy (The Health Care Directives Act, 1992). Autonomy is described as the quality to function independently (Mosby, 2013). Autonomy is the fundamental concept of health care directives, it allows people to openly express their personal values and beliefs, without judgement of health care decisions, “…autonomous decisions as those made intentionally and with substantial understanding and freedom from controlling influences” (Entwistle, Carter, Cribb, & McCaffery, 2010). When all information is provided, the individual can make an informed decision about their health care and have a right to no influencing factors. The health care directive document provide people the opportunity to consent to or refuse treatment and who will have the authority to make decisions on the individual’s behalf if unconscious, or mental incapacity arise (The Health Care Directives Act, 1992). In order to fully practice autonomy, especially in regards to health care directives, the appropriate mental development is key to comprehending
In his essay, “The Refutation of Medical Paternalism,” Alan Goldman discusses his argument against differentiation in the roles between physicians and patients. He says the physician may act against a patient’s will in order treat the patient in their best interest. Goldman makes his whole argument around the assumption that a person’s right to decide his or her future is the most important and fundamental right, saying, “the autonomous individual is the source of those other goods he enjoys, and so is not to be sacrificed for the sake of them.” His claim is that most people agree that they are the best judges of their own self-interest and there is an innate value in the freedom to determine their own future. On these principles, Goldman starts by discussing conditions under which paternalism may be justified.
The principle of autonomy states, that an individual’s decision must be respected in all cases, also an individual can act freely in accordance to their plan. For example, in a case where a patient and family demands to continue medical or surgical care and a physician want the patient to stop further treatment. In this case the patient’s choice will matter the most. According to the principle of autonomy it will be the patients and family choice whether to continue or discontinue treatment. The principle of beneficence which states, “one must promote good” comes into play in this case. In accordance to beneficence the patient will not benefit from the physicians responses personally. He/she will not benefit from harming her body with more surgeries. The patient will be going against the principle non-maleficence, which states that “one must cause no harm to an individual” by causing harm to herself. In this case the physician is justified in his/her actions by discontinuing medical or surgical care to the patient because it will not it her. These principles are what healthcare provider use to help and guide patients with the ...
The aim of the analysis is meant to clarify the meaning of the word autonomy thereby the introduction of a concept. Clarification is needed as the word autonomy does have several meanings and not all apply to medical terminology, some meanings span to philosophy, technology and general decision making. The medical meaning is significant in the care of patients for improved outcomes through choice and educated decision making on the part of the patient. Autonomy can be empowering as a concept or even as a single word.
The writer discusses a situation of the doctor failing to disclose the nature of important medical condition which can jeopardize several of the patient’s family members and puts the doctor at odds with them. The problem is also discussed by Sutrop (2011) who show how protecting the patient’s confidentiality and self- decision capacity has actually caused severe hindrances to the field of scientific development and research.
Autonomy is independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions (dictionary.com). Medical practices should be based on autonomy, beneficence, and justice. There are many arguments based on autonomy that favor against, favoring the aspects around the patient rather than the patient’s will. If a patient is in the final stages of an incurable disease, then respecting their autonomy at that point as an efficient value is more valuable than denying them in order to serve better interests in the remainder of their life, denying the only meaningful choice one would have left to make. Firstly, some argue that the decision to die is a social decision, and that it affects the healthcare team around them and undermines their autonomy.
Autonomy is a principle that allows a patient or authorizing agent to make decisions regarding healthcare decisions without any outside influence (Burkhardt & Nathanial, 2014, p.440) As the nurse, it is important to understand
Street, Richard, MD. (1992). “Analyzing Communication in Medical Consultations: Do Behavioral Measures Correspond to Patient’s Perceptions?”. Medical Care, 30, 976 - 987