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History of film directing
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When the average Friday night cinemagoer sits down to watch a film in this country they would most probably be waiting to see the latest Hollywood blockbuster projected onto the screen. Film director John Ford once said, “Hollywood is a place you cant geographically define. We don’t really know where it is.” (Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson 1985) However, the term ‘Classical Hollywood style’ can be defined if we critically examine a body of films from the 1920s to the 1960s or the Golden Age. The classical Hollywood narrative is called ‘classical’ because it is clear and simple, free of extraneous details. It became the dominant style throughout the western world against all other styles were judged. Classic Hollywood style is mostly invisible …show more content…
‘The Jazz Singer’, the first of its kind, was a film about a young boy who runs away from home to pursue his dream of becoming a jazz singer. This historic film was billed as the first ‘talkie’, live action... met sound! The inception of The Jazz Singer, lead to the decline of silent films and the popularity of the …show more content…
The most important goal of continuity editing is to make the cut invisible to the audience. The film is edited in such a way that the audience becomes oblivious to the many jumps or discontinuities that would alert them to non-reality. The continuity editing style is largely credited to D. W. Griffith who freed the camera from conventional methods by breaking the actions of the scenes into many different shots and editing them according to the action. Griffith made more than 400 short films and in them we can see the developments that would lead to the basic principles of continuity editing. The storytelling was consistent; the flow of the characters and story was logical and progression linearly. Narrative flow is pieced together in such a way that the action appears continuous. Adding shot sequences that happen at the same time but in a different place introduced narrative tension. Over-the-shoulder shots were used to show dialogue between two people, it is a shot of someone taken from the camera angle from the shoulder of another person. Griffith was also conducive in establishing the crosscutting or intercutting narrative device. Crosscutting is when two or more scenes of action in different locales are woven together. The filmmaker can show the audience what was going on somewhere else, or what was happening ‘meanwhile’ or ‘later the same day’. Shots placed side by side were being
film and so captions had to be use to explain what the next section of
The decade was largely dominated by silent films, but the creation of movies with sound followed afterwards. These innovations greatly improved the movies and made them more immersive and exciting for the viewer. Soon after the invention of sound in movies, the silent era movies...
Beginning the mid 1920s, Hollywood’s ostensibly all-powerful film studios controlled the American film industry, creating a period of film history now recognized as “Classical Hollywood”. Distinguished by a practical, workmanlike, “invisible” method of filmmaking- whose purpose was to demand as little attention to the camera as possible, Classical Hollywood cinema supported undeviating storylines (with the occasional flashback being an exception), an observance of a the three act structure, frontality, and visibly identified goals for the “hero” to work toward and well-defined conflict/story resolution, most commonly illustrated with the employment of the “happy ending”. Studios understood precisely what an audience desired, and accommodated their wants and needs, resulting in films that were generally all the same, starring similar (sometimes the same) actors, crafted in a similar manner. It became the principal style throughout the western world against which all other styles were judged. While there have been some deviations and experiments with the format in the past 50 plus ye...
Stanley, Robert H. The Movie Idiom: Film as a Popular Art Form. Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. 2011. Print
Classical Hollywood Cinema is a chain of events that has a cause – effect relationship within a time and space. The environment looks realistic and believable to the viewers because the style is predictable, and the time is linear throughout the film. Each scene with the development of the plot and story is motivated by cause and effect. The filmmaking process involves four major steps that cut across the board. The process revolves around these levels that make it orderly to every individual involved in filming. The process has the following stages: Idea and Development, Pre-Production, Production and Post- Production. In Idea and Development it is normally
Welles uses image overlays of maps during this sequence, multiple exciting transitions between scenes such as various wipes and graphic matches between scenes as they fade into one another. The news reel uses a voiceover to efficiently get the information across to the audience in a short amount of
Thompson, Kristin , and David Bordwell. Film History : An Introduction. 3 ed. New York:
Before talking films were big people were fascinated with the idea of moving pictures in the
The many debates about art cinema versus classical cinema have been going around for a while. The mainstream Hollywood classical film and the art cinema are frequently presented as opposites. In one, the style of the film is bland, while the other seeks to center its focus on the visual becoming central as narrative unity. Throughout the movie directed by Stanley Kubrick called 2001: A Space Odyssey, we see that this film can be classified as an art film. On the other hand, it can also be seen as classical film. Even though these two are the complete opposite and they contradict themselves, they are both apparent in the film.
A set of practices concerning the narrative structure compose the classical Hollywood Paradigm. These conventions create a plot centering around a character who undergoes a journey in an attempt to achieve some type of goal (). By giving the central character more time on screen, the film helps the audience to not only understand the character’s motivation but also empathize with his/her emotional state. Additionally, some antagonistic force creates conflict with the main character, preventing immediate success(). Finally, after confronting the antagonist, the main character achieves his or her goal along with growing emotionally(). This proven structure creates a linear and relatively easily followed series of events encompassing the leading character and a goal.
According to historians like Neil Burch, the primitive period of the film industry, at the turn of the 20th century was making films that appealed to their audiences due to the simple story. A non-fiction narrative, single shots a burgeoning sense
The ‘New Hollywood Cinema’ era came about from around the 1960’s when cinema and film making began to change. Big film studios were going out of their comfort zone to produce different, creative and artistic movies. At the time, it was all the public wanted to see. People were astonished at the way these films were put together, the narration, the editing, the shots, and everything in between. No more were the films in similar arrangement and structure. The ‘New Hollywood era’ took the classic Hollywood period and turned it around so that rules were broken and people left stunned.
Film was not always as it is today due to the digital sounds and graphic picture enhancements of George Lucas's THX digital sound in the late 1970s to enhance the audience's perceptions. Sound was first discovered in 1928 and the first films before that were silent. There is a social need to heighten an audience's film going experience and it allows each person to color their own views of what they see and presents either directly or indirectly society's moral values.
The postmodern cinema emerged in the 80s and 90s as a powerfully creative force in Hollywood film-making, helping to form the historic convergence of technology, media culture and consumerism. Departing from the modernist cultural tradition grounded in the faith in historical progress, the norms of industrial society and the Enlightenment, the postmodern film is defined by its disjointed narratives, images of chaos, random violence, a dark view of the human state, death of the hero and the emphasis on technique over content. The postmodernist film accomplishes that by acquiring forms and styles from the traditional methods and mixing them together or decorating them. Thus, the postmodern film challenges the “modern” and the modernist cinema along with its inclinations. It also attempts to transform the mainstream conventions of characterization, narrative and suppresses the audience suspension of disbelief. The postmodern cinema often rejects modernist conventions by manipulating and maneuvering with conventions such as space, time and story-telling. Furthermore, it rejects the traditional “grand-narratives” and totalizing forms such as war, history, love and utopian visions of reality. Instead, it is heavily aimed to create constructed fictions and subjective idealisms.
During the course of this essay it is my intention to discuss the differences between Classical Hollywood and post-Classical Hollywood. Although these terms refer to theoretical movements of which they are not definitive it is my goal to show that they are applicable in a broad way to a cinema tradition that dominated Hollywood production between 1916 and 1960 and which also pervaded Western Mainstream Cinema (Classical Hollywood or Classic Narrative Cinema) and to the movement and changes that came about following this time period (Post-Classical or New Hollywood). I intend to do this by first analysing and defining aspects of Classical Hollywood and having done that, examining post classical at which time the relationship between them will become evident. It is my intention to reference films from both movements and also published texts relative to the subject matter. In order to illustrate the structures involved I will be writing about the subjects of genre and genre transformation, the representation of gender, postmodernism and the relationship between style, form and content.