Interactional analysis is the empirical analysis of human interaction with one another and with the environment (Jordan & Henderson, 1994). Unlike typical interpersonal communication research, interactional analysis is concerned with observing the interaction among people, and not with the cognitive functions of an individual. Therefore, this type of research requires an outside observer to view and categorize behaviors for later analysis. Researchers will often utilize a coding system to provide operational definitions of the behaviors they intend to observe. A unified coding system is essential for this type of research in order to replicate studies and generalize findings to the population. The analysis of parent- child interactions has …show more content…
According to Courtright, reliability is the belief that an “observer is confident that these data actually represent the behaviors that occurred during that communicative event,” SOURCE. In the case of interactional analysis, it may be assessed by the percentage of agreement between coders. This agreement is necessary to ensure that one coder is not measuring data incorrectly. It is especially essential to demonstrate that the coding of interactional analysis is free of measurement error because categorizing behavioral units involves the subjective judgement of the coders (Weider- Hadfield & Hadfield, 1984). In a study with reliable results, coders are expected to agree on most of their codes for both the unit and category of the behavior. Reliability may be calculated by determining the percentage of agreement between coders and comparing that to the percentage of agreement expected by chance. Evidence of reliability is necessary before results can be accepted. A simple, unified coding system greatly contributes to the reliability of interactional analysis because coders are aware of the operational definitions of the behavior they are …show more content…
This manual was created to index patterns of control at the relational level (Rogers, 1972). It assumes that power and relational definition are constantly negotiated throughout an interaction and details different strategies to gain, maintain, or concede power in an interaction (Rogers, 1972). It is designed to apply to verbal messages but focuses on the structure and form, not content, of the exchange (Rogers, 1972). In this system, behaviors are categorized and assigned a code according to the speaker, grammatical form and response mode (Rogers, 1972). These codes are then further classified into one- downs, one- ups, and one-across behavioral codes and combined into pairs to show patterns throughout the interaction (Rogers, 1972). In other words, they are classified according to strategies used to control the relational definition. Because of its wide range of applicability, this coding system is able to be used to study test- retest reliability. This form of reliability describes whether a study’s results will be found if the study is repeated. This coding manual has been used consistently in interactional analysis as a measure of relational control but may not be applicable to all forms of interactional
In sociology, the interactionist perspective tends to use the “micro'; approach, where smaller groups of individuals are studied. The interactionist perspective views society as countless encounters between human beings and everyday social activity. The fact that an interactionist would make a study based on everyday, example by example cases separates them from the other perspectives, which tend to look at the larger scheme of things. Using the above approach to the study, there are three particular questions that this article answers. First, why do individuals do the things they do? Second, do people always mean what they say? Finally, how is society experienced (what was the difference between black and white experience while shopping for a home?) The following will show how the article answers the previous three questions.
“It is a wise father that knows his own child” stated by William Shakespeare, a poet, which suggests that a good parent must have a connection with their child. However, Shakespeare lacked parental affection, the plays that Shakespeare had written, never had a well established relationship between a parent and their child. However the correlation between a parent and child may vary in many occasions and factors such as a healthy/unhealthy relationship, a tempting desire for self success, and a change of heart. Therefore, through an analysis of Jeannette Wall’s The Glass Castle, William Shakespeare’s King Lear, Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie, and Martin Fan’s bond with His parents, it becomes clear that the establishments between a
The current relationship between the United States government and the American citizens is a “parent-child” relationship; where the government are the parents and the citizens are the children. The children give up certain rights to be protected and cared for by the parent. Citizens give up rights such as being able to make their own laws and rules, judging others, and creating their own form of rulership to have their basic rights of life, liberty, and property be protected by the government. This relationship is powerful, but like all “parent-child” relationships, the child often gets mad at the parent for being “unfair” or “too strict”; most of the time, however, the relationship works well and allows the people and government to smoothly coexist through a system
Family members’ ability to effectively express their emotions, insights, and ideas to each other reflects how well members relate to each other, and how well the family functions as a whole. According to Kirst-Ashman & Hull (2012) assessing communication patterns within a family is crucial to the planned change process that must occur in order to assist families reconcile their problems in the best possible way (p.331). There are various facets of communication in addition to verbal and nonverbal communication. There are at least five different paths of communication, referred to as avenues of communication, which include: consonance, condemnation, submission, intellectualization, and indifference (p. 331-332). An assessment of the various facets of communication used by a family is useful in indicating where change is
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based practice in the treatment of emotional and behavioral disorders for young children. This family centered treatment approach emphasizes on improving the quality of the parent-child relationship and changing parent-child interaction patterns. During PCIT, therapists coach parents via one-way mirror while they interact with their child. The therapist teaches the caregiver strategies that will promote positive behaviors in children who have disruptive or externalizing behavior problems (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 1). The use of live- coaching helps the parent gain strategies in the moment, and allows the therapist to see the different dynamics of the parent-child relationship.
Steve A. Beebe, S. J. (2008). Interpersonal Communication. In A. a. Pearson, Interpersonal Communication, Relating To Others- Fifth Edition. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Education, Inc.
Richmond, V & McCroskey, J 2011. Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations. 7th ed. Allyn & Bacon.
Strategies of accommodation:. development of a coding system for conversational interaction. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(2), 123-152. Krippendorff, Klaus.
In life people communicate every day through many types of responses and behaviors. There are plenty examples that have been expressed over time by people trying to explain these communicative behavior and analyze them in different ways.
The opportunity for universal application of the Communication Accommodation Theory gives the field of Communication Studies a method of objectively analyzing conversational strategies and motivations both of which are considered to be overwhelmingly subjective. The ways in which communicators of different cultures perceive one and other [as individuals or members of a group] varies greatly even in a two-person interaction. The number of cultural identifications one certain individual might possess may be numerous, and already makes structured analysis of their communication choices in an interaction difficult. By guiding the process of conducting research with CAT, researchers are able to analyze the communication behaviors of any set of cultural communicat...
Despite how us humans are prone to communication, communication is a complex phenomena. That is why Personal and Scholarly concepts are made, to act as a guide, making communication easy. Personal theories are based on, one’s own observation about how they themself communicate. Scholarly theories and concepts are based on evidence and research. Though the fundamentals of personal and scholarly theory are different, they can often relate to each other. My two personal theories are related to non-verbal communication. While conversing, I have a tendency to avoid eye contact. I usually have to refrain myself from averting my eyes while conversing. My other non-verbal theory is about how I give different types of hugs, depending on the relationship
Verderber, S. K., & Verderber, F. R. (1976). Interact; Interpersonal Communication Skills. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co.
Thesis statement: Non-verbal communication is as important as what people say; however, if not examined carefully can be misinterpret because of lack of awareness. This lack of knowledgecan cause misunderstandings in everyday life.
Given how much time my family spent together growing up, you would think that we would have learned to talk to each other somewhere along the way. And although some families that have learned to talk, listen and respond to each other, my family still demonstrates it Laissez-Faire communication style. My family was always quite dysfunctional when it came to communications, or at least it seemed that way every time my mother remarried. After my mother’s first marriage, I was termed an only child after the passing of my little ...
The topic I have chosen for my paper is that of relationship between parents and children. Some of the points that I will be discussing are child abuse, child neglect and how it can affect a child and the relationship with the parents.