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Intelligence and psychological testing
The significance of intelligence tests
Iq testing and intelligence
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In today's society, intelligence quotient is still very important. What is intelligence? In the dictionary, it defines the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. In my family, adults always compare all the children who are smarter. Sometime they judge people with a simple test. For example, one time my cousin who got the highest English test in his school, all my aunts and uncles include my parent think he is the smartest person in the family. Can a simple intelligence test tell you how smart are you? I think the answer will be unknown because some of the test can help people, but some cannot. Most of people love to do the different intelligence tests. People are still believed in a person with higher IQ score must be smart. People can do many intelligence tests online, but they only care about what the score they can get. If the score is low, then they will think the test is not accurate, however, when the score is high they will believe the test is really testing their IQ. I think the most important question is how we measure the intelligence to help people understand what we are capable with. Now, I will provide a brief history of intelligence test, what are some good and bad things about intelligence test, and the proper and improper ways using intelligence test.
Many countries designed their own intelligence tests in early time. In ancient China about 4000 years ago, Chinese designed a test in every third year to prove their competence which they have the ability to do the job for the government. Alfred Binet, who is a French psychologist, he developed the first successful test of intelligence to predict future academic success. During World War I, the U.S army used intelligence tests to evaluate and assign rec...
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... focus more on the high score students. Sometimes parents will lose faith once they heard their children put in the low score classroom. Some of the high score students become arrogant; they do not work hard and easy to give up.
At the early time, IQ mostly seems by genetic as if your parents smart, then you will be smart. For example, I always heard my mother talk about my cousin will be successful because his dad is very smart. Now, I think the environment makes the strong influence. Intelligence test scores can be improved by studying hard. I always heard 1% of genius and 99% of the work hard can make you successful. IQ tests are limited. People should focus on what they are really capable with. People have their own innate ability, and they cannot discover their abilities in an intelligence test. A high test score does not mean you are smart than other people.
Before answering the questions let find out what intelligence test is. It is a test consisting of a series of tasks requiring people to use various verbal and non verbal skills to measure the individual’s intellectual ability. Now that we know what an intelligence test is we can now answer the question better. Three important short comings of intelligence test that have nothing to do with intelligence are: having low motivation or high anxiety which can greatly influence the performance on the test, also IQ test may contain cultural biases in their language and or tasks that may place people of one background above people of another back ground, and members of minority groups may have little experience with this kind of test or may be uncomfortable with examiners of a different ethnic back ground than them (Comer, 2013, pp.107).
The Bell Curve is a book originally published in 1994. It was written by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray to explain the variations of intelligence in American Society. They accomplished this by using statistical analysis, for the purpose of raising warnings regarding the consequences of the intelligence gap. This was also made to propose a national social policy with the goal of mitigating bad consequences that have been attributed to this intelligence gap. Much of the information is widely considered controversial. An example of this is the low African-American scores compared to whites and Asians, and genetic factors in intelligence abilities. The introduction of the book starts with a brief history of intelligence theory and recent developments in intelligence thought and testing. The author creates six assumptions that has to do with the validity of the “classical” cognitive testing techniques.
In the popular “Darwin’s Theory” survival of the fittest was the key role in evolution, but does that include intelligence? Robert Ehrlich discusses the evolution of intelligence in his article “Are People Getting Smarter or Dumber?” Through several standardized testing, it is easy to see the rapid incline of passing students in the past few years. IQ scores have also been on the incline. The rapid inclination of IQ score has become known as the Flynn Effect. The Flynn Effect seems like solid supporting evidence for evolution, but the Flynn Effect has flaws. It is impossible to narrow down why humans are achieving high IQ scores. Many factors could play into the high IQ scores such as test taking skills. The high IQ scores correlate with the amount of standardized testing. Since students are taking several standardized tests a semester, they are becoming test savoy. In actuality, scientists are believing humankind is becoming
Similar to Sternberg, Binet came to the conclusion that intelligence is the sum of mental processes (Flangan, Harrison, 2005). He developed the first intelligence test in order to categorize how much children benefitted from school education. The Binet-Simon scale, keeping in mind that Binet believed in intelligence consisting of different components, thus included language component, auditory processing, learning and memory, as well as judgement and problem solving (Kamin, 1974). The results were supposed to identify the student’s mental age. Lewis Terman introduced the Binet-Simon test to America and adapted it to sort army recruits in World War I (Comer et al., 2013). The Stanford-Binet test, developed by Terman in 1916, aimed to be an improved version that was able to measure mental age more appropriately (Kamin, 1974). He was convinced that intelligence is the ability to form concepts and to think abstract (Comer et al., 2013). The Stanford-Binet test has been described by Maud Minton to be superior to other intelligence tests of that time because it was very precise, it had detailed guidelines, it measured the IQ which became the standard marking system (Flangan, Harrison,
Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines intelligence as the capacity to apprehend facts and propositions, to reason about them, and the ability to understand them and their relations to each other. A. M. Turing had this definition in mind when he made his predictions and designed his test, commonly known as the Turing test. His test is, in principle, simple. A group of judges converse with different entities, some computers and some human, without knowledge of which is which. The job of the judges is to discern which entity is a computer. Judges may ask them any question they like, "Are you a computer?" excepted, and the participants may answer with anything they like, and in turn, ask questions of the judges. The concept of the test is not difficult, but creating an entity capable of passing the test with current technology is virtually impossible.
Most researchers believe that we are born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. They also believe that the intelligence we are born with is difficult to change. Psychologists use short-answer tests to assess one’s intelligence (Gardner papers). It was believed that intelligence was a single inherited thing. Human beings start out initially as a blank slate and could be trained to learn anything, provided that it was presented in an appropriate way (Multiple Intelligences and Education). Currently an “increasing number of researchers believe the opposite. Gardner defined intelligence as: “the ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in culture; a set ...
Intelligence tests began as a psychologist's solution to a problem faced by Paris schools at the beginning of the century. Alfred Binet, a French psychologist, developed a test to measure potential ability at school tasks rather than performance in school, and to produce the same scores regardless of the personalities or prejudices of those who gave or took the test. The scoring method originally used by Binet and his collaborator, Theodore Simon, was based on the concept of mental age or MA (the chronological age typical of a given level of performance). For the average child, mental age and chronological age are equal or a match. For example, a child who is 10 years of age has a mental age of 10. But some children who have less intelligence than average will not be able to pass all the items suitable to their age level and thus will show an MA that are lower than their CA. To measure mental age, Binet and Simon developed varied reasoning and problem-solving questions that might predict school achievement.
Intelligence is a function of how well the brain works, and it's well established that our brains are designed by genes so it's not entirely surprising that some deem this as proof that our genes play a part in deciding a person’s intelligence. However, this is not a widely accepted fact and many scholars would argue intelligence is indeed not fixed by ones genes but instead manipulated by other factors.
One of the most definitive things ever said regarding the nature of intelligence was that intelligence is whatever IQ tests measure. The IQ test has been in use throughout the 20th century and serves as an accepted measure of a person’s intelligence. It is used by institutions such as schools and the army to screen people’s level of intelligence and decisions are made based on that. The IQ test consists of a series of questions regarding certain skills such as vocabulary, mathematics, spatial relations. The scores that a person gets on these tests depend on the amount of questions that a person answers correctly. The actual score that a person gets is dependant on how others in that age group do on those particular questions.
Can intelligence be measured? Does an IQ test actually measure a person’s intelligence? Does a high score indicate a genius? Does a low score indicate stupidity or merely ignorance? These questions have been asked over and over again by psychiatrists and scientists alike, but to date there are no clear answers. These questions cannot be answered without first defining what is meant by the term intelligence. Once intelligence has been defined then it should be easy to answer these questions; however, multiple definitions of the word tend to lead to further confusion.
“Variation in IQ is accounted for by variation in home environment to the extent of not more than 4 percent; 96 percent of the variation is accounted for by other factors” (Leahy). “Measureable environment does not shift the IQ by more than 3 to 5 points above or below the value it would have had under normal environmental conditions. The nature or hereditary component in intelligence causes greater variation than does environment.... ... middle of paper ... ...
The ongoing debate on whether nature or nurture is responsible for intelligence seems to be a never-ending argument. There will probably be no definite answer to this argument any time soon, but answers such as Dr. Bigot's prove how intolerant of other opinions people can be. To say intelligence is entirely based on genetics, or one's environment, for that matter, is utterly extremist. An interaction of both nature and nurture is responsible for intelligence.
Emotional intelligence has a large amount of number, which in common with social intelligence. Both of them are relevant with perception and understanding of other’s emotion, oneself and act cleverly way in interpersonal relationships. They are mood driver, a neurological and biological state of mind which are the significant key for human relationship, furthermore they are overlapping, interdependent and multidimensional. Additionally, found that most successful people seem to behave wiser in socially and emotionally, for instance, in the workplace and close relationships (Kang,Day, & Meara, 2005). However, each of them contains and focuses on different elements. According to
According to the Webster Dictionary, intelligence is defined as a person who has the ability to not only acquire but, to also apply the knowledge and skills they have to everyday life. Graded exam do not test our intelligence however, it tests our ability to memorize and shows our work ethics and determination. Students do not usually apply anything they learn from school in real life unless they plan to work in that field. (Gardner, Howard Gardner of The Multiple Intelligence Theory) As the writer recalls from personal experien...
The Oxford Dictionary defines intelligence as “the ability acquire and apply knowledge and skills.” Many people are born naturally intelligent, able to grasp and understand concepts easily, with little work. In children, it is easy to separate those born with higher intellectual ability from the rest, because they easily excel in learning. This skill is often lost by those born with it, and through a great deal of work others attain it. In order for an individual to have true intelligence into her adult years, she must foster what gifts she is given, and strive to better her self academically. Even as early as elementary school, many who are born with natural talent begin to fall behind intellectually. These students are often not