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Theme of insanity in literature
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In an archaic children’s rhyme, it is stated that “one flies east, one flies west, one flies over the cuckoo’s nest.” which deeply connects to the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by serving as an epigraph for the events in the novel. In the novel, the contrast between sanity and insanity is displayed via the inhabitants of an Oregon psychiatric hospital. It is narrated by Chief Bromden, a massive Indian who, despite his size, is unable to voice his opinions and is timid. At the commencing of the novel, the hospital is run by an overbearing and tyrannical leader known as Nurse Ratched. Ratched, also referred to as the “Big Nurse” receives her reputation from being completely organized and constantly attempting to achieve perfection that …show more content…
This comes as both a blessing but cost to the patients, who have been tortured countess times through processes such as electroshock therapy in order to be perfectly cooperative as the Big Nurse wishes. Throughout the novel, Chief Bromden analyzes the actions of McMurphy, who acts as sane as the “normal” people in society and how he plans to overthrow the “dictator” of the mental hospital through an objective opinion due to the fact he must not speak to maintain his reputation as both deaf and unintelligent. Over the course of six months, however, McMurphy had become successful in his quest, which did come at a cost. Without the rule of the Nurse, who, at the time, was planning her revenge, all functions of the hospital had ceased to continue, leading the men who had once wished to seek freedom with a blindside. As the novel progresses, many more of the members of the hospital seem to be out of character, as with Bromden who begins to speak. When the Big Nurse allows the men to travel out of the hospital on a boating trip, the men realize that the lack of being accustomed to society was the reason they had been “imprisoned” within a hospital and that their freedoms came at a
One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey begins with a short introduction by the narrator, Chief Bromden. Chief Bromden is a half Indian Chronic at the ward. Chronics are patients that have been in the ward for so long that people assume that they will never check out. During the time that Bromden was there, he acted as a dumb deaf mute without being caught by anyone. Though his condition does not seem as bad as some of the other Chronics—some were vegetables—it was evident that Bromden had problems with hallucinations and delusions from the final line of the first chapter, “But it’s the truth even if it didn’t happen.”
The novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey tells a story of Nurse Ratched, the head nurse of a mental institution, and the way her patients respond to her harsh treatment. The story is told from the perspective of a large, Native-American patient named Bromden; he immediately introduces Randle McMurphy, a recently admitted patient, who is disturbed by the controlling and abusive way Ratched runs her ward. Through these feelings, McMurphy makes it his goal to undermine Ratched’s authority, while convincing the other patients to do the same. McMurphy becomes a symbol of rebellion through talking behind Ratched’s back, illegally playing cards, calling for votes, and leaving the ward for a fishing trip. His shenanigans cause his identity to be completely stolen through a lobotomy that puts him in a vegetative state. Bromden sees McMurphy in this condition and decides that the patients need to remember him as a symbol of individuality, not as a husk of a man destroyed by the
Chief Bromden, who is presumably deaf and dumb, narrates the story in third person. Mr. McMurphy enters the ward all smiles and hearty laughter as his own personal medicine. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a story about patients in a psychiatric hospital, who are under the power of Nurse Ratched. Mrs. Ratched has control over all the patients except for Mr. McMurphy, who uses laughter to fight her power. According to Chief Bromden, McMurphy "...knows you have to laugh at the things that hurt you just to keep yourself in balance, just to keep the world from running you plumb crazy" (212). Laughter is McMurphy's medicine and tool to get him and the rest of the patients through their endless days at the hospital. The author's theme throughout the novel is that laughter is the best medicine, and he shows this through McMurphy's static character. The story is made up of series of conflicts between McMurphy and Nurse Ratched. McMurphy becomes a hero, changing the lives of many of the inmates. In the end, though, he pays for his actions by suffering a lobotomy, which turned him into a vegetable. The story ends when Bromden smothers McMurphy with a pillow and escapes to freedom.
Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest explores the dysfunctions and struggles of life for the patients in a matriarch ruled mental hospital. As told by a schizophrenic Native American named Chief Bromden, the novel focuses primarily on Randle McMurphy, a boisterous new patient introduced into the ward, and his constant war with the Big Nurse Ratched, the emasculating authoritarian ruler of the ward. Constricted by the austere ward policy and the callous Big Nurse, the patients are intimidated into passivity. Feeling less like patients and more like inmates of a prison, the men surrender themselves to a life of submissiveness-- until McMurphy arrives. With his defiant, fearless and humorous presence, he instills a certain sense of rebellion within all of the other patients. Before long, McMurphy has the majority of the Acutes on the ward following him and looking to him as though he is a hero. His reputation quickly escalates into something Christ-like as he challenges the nurse repeatedly, showing the other men through his battle and his humor that one must never be afraid to go against an authority that favors conformity and efficiency over individual people and their needs. McMurphy’s ruthless behavior and seemingly unwavering will to protest ward policy and exhaust Nurse Ratched’s placidity not only serves to inspire other characters in the novel, but also brings the Kesey’s central theme into focus: the struggle of the individual against the manipulation of authoritarian conformists. The asylum itself is but a microcosm of society in 1950’s America, therefore the patients represent the individuals within a conformist nation and the Big Nurse is a symbol of the authority and the force of the Combine she represents--all...
The novel is narrated by the main character, Chief Bromden, who reveals the two faces of Nurse Ratched, in the opening pages of the novel. He continues sweeping the floor while the nurse assaults three black aides for gossiping in the hallway. Chief chooses to describe the nurse abstractly: “her painted smile twists, stretches to an open snarl, and she blows up bigger and bigger...by the time the patients get there...all they see is the head nurse, smiling and calm and cold as usual” (5). Nurse Ratched runs the psychiatric ward with precision and harsh discipline. When Randle McMurphy arrives to escape time in jail, he immediately sizes the Big Nurse up as manipulative, controlling, and power-hungry. The portrayal that he expresses to the patient's leaves a lasting impact on them: “The flock gets sight of a spot of blood on some chicken and all go to peckin’ at it, see, till they rip the chicken to shreds, blood and bones and feathers” (57). McMurphy finds it appalling that the patients are too blindsided to see Nurse Ratched’s conniving scheme, which is to take charge of the patients’ lives. The only person who understands Nurse Ratched’s game is McMurphy, and this motivates him to rebel against the
Ken Kesey's experiences in a mental institution urged him to tell the story of such a ward. We are told this story through the eyes of a huge red Indian who everyone believes to be deaf and dumb named Chief in his novel "One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest". Chief is a patient in an Oregon psychiatric hospital on the ward of Mrs Ratched. she is the symbol of authority throughout the text. This ward forms the backdrop for the rest of the story. The men on the ward are resigned to their regime dictated by this tyrant who is referred to as 'the Big Nurse', until McMurphy arrives to disrupt it. He makes the men realise that it is possible to think for themselves, which results in a complete destruction of the system as it was. Randle P. McMurphy, a wrongly committed mental patient with a lust for life. The qualities that garner McMurphy respect and admiration from his fellow patients are also responsible for his tragic downfall. These qualities include his temper, which leads to his being deemed "disturbed," his stubbornness, which results in his receiving numerous painful disciplinary treatments, and finally his free spirit, which leads to his death. Despite McMurphy being a noble man, in the end, these characteristics hurt him more than they help him. He forms the basis to my study of rebellion.
One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, is an unforgettable novel about the lifestyle and journeys of patients in a mental facility. Although all of the main characters contribute distinct attributes to the story, Chief Bromden contributes the most. The author speaks through Chief instilling his beliefs on his readers. In Kesey’s novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, the narrator, Chief Bromden, portrays Kesey’s views on society and insanity by filling the role of the ego, showing that society’s expectations and pressures are the main cause of mental instability.
-Character Development- All of the characters experience significant development throughout the story. This starts when McMurphy first enters the hospital and teaches the patients to not be afraid of expressing their feelings. For example, he wanted to watch the world series in the television, but the television hours were at a different time than the world series. He got some patients to vote for the time to be changed by questioning why they were afraid to vote for the change. “You afraid if you raise your hand that the old buzzard'll cut it off”(pg 117). with the aid of McMurphy, chief Bromden goes from withdrawn with flashbacks on his time in the war to actually participating in activities instead of hiding away. “I noticed vaguely that I was getting so’s I could see some good in the life around me. McMurphy was teaching me”(pg 223). Lastly, McMurphy's efforts to rebel against the system and Big Nurse's rules do not go to waste. Chief Bromden runs away from The asylum, and is finally free at the end of the novel (pg 310-311). He was free of the asylum and its' rules. Harding also speaks up to Big Nurse when she tells him that McMurphy will be back after his electroshock treatment. At the beginning of the novel, he wouldn't have dared to say anything to her because he would have been too afraid, but he tells he that he thinks she is “so full of bullshit”(pg 307).
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest takes place in a mental institution in the Pacific Northwest. The narrator of the novel is Chief Bromden, also known as Chief Broom, a catatonic half-Indian man whom everybody thinks is deaf and dumb. He often suffers from hallucinations in which he feels that the room is filled with fog. The institution is dominated by Nurse Ratched (Big Nurse), a cold, precise woman with calculated gestures and a calm, mechanical manner. When the story begins, a new patient, Randall Patrick McMurphy, arrives at the ward. He is a self-professed 'gambling fool' who has just come from a work farm at Pendleton. He introduces himself to the other men on the ward, including Dale Harding, the president of the patient's council, and Billy Bibbit, a thirty-year old man who stutters and appears very young. Nurse Ratched immediately pegs McMurphy as a manipulator.
A man sprints through a dense forest, escaping an unknown terror pursuing him through the darkness from the treetops. As he keeps looking back, he cannot see what is chasing him, but he assumes it must be close behind him. Suddenly, his foot is snared by a protruding tree trunk and he lands face first on the tiled floor of his mental-care facility. His nurse helps him up and regrets mentioning to the man that she just recently adopted a child from Vietnam, which caused him to lash out. Obviously, the man suffered through a hallucination of his past in the Vietnam War, triggered through the nurse’s mere comment. He has done this and will continue to do this for years to come. This is because society forces the individual, through the aid of
While McMurphy tries to bring about equality between the patients and head nurse, she holds onto her self-proclaimed right to exact power over her charges because of her money, education, and, ultimately, sanity. The patients represent the working-class by providing Ratched, the manufacturer, with the “products” from which she profits—their deranged minds. The patients can even be viewed as products themselves after shock therapy treatments and lobotomies leave them without personality. The negative effects of the hospital’s organizational structure are numerous. The men feel worthless, abused, and manipulated, much like the proletariat who endured horrendous working conditions and rarely saw the fruits of their labor during the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom and United States in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century (“Industrial Revolution” 630).
There were no heroes on the psychiatric ward until McMurphy's arrival. McMurphy gave the patients courage to stand against a truncated concept of masculinity, such as Nurse Ratched. For example, Harding states, "No ones ever dared to come out and say it before, but there is not a man among us that does not think it. That doesn't feel just as you do about her, and the whole business feels it somewhere down deep in his sacred little soul." McMurphy did not only understand his friends/patients, but understood the enemy who portrayed evil, spite, and hatred. McMurphy is the only one who can stand against the Big Nurse's oppressive supreme power. Chief explains this by stating, "To beat her you don't have to whip her two out of three or three out of five, but every time you meet. As soon as you let down your guard, as sson as you loose once, she's won for good. And eventually we all got to lose. Nobody can help that." McMuprhy's struggle for hte patient's free will is a disruption to Nurse Ratched's social order. Though she holds down her guard she yet is incapable of controlling what McMurphy is incontrollable of , such as his friends well being, to the order of Nurse Ratched and the Combine.
In the hospital McMurphy meets his match Nurse Ratchet, who both go toe-to-toe while trying to get the best out of one another. McMurphy is treated with many controversial therapies for his disorder such as group-therapy, electroconvulsive therapy and ultimately a pre-frontal lobotomy. Mr. McMurphy’s fun loving dominating personality brings out the free spirit of the other patients and eventually teaches them what life is all about. McMurphy’s rebellious demeanour, charming personality and strong leadership skills gets the other patients to believe his devious style in the mental institute. In all the patients mind, McMurphy was their hero and even in the end of the movie, he lead them all to believe he escaped. Although he dies, McMurphy changes the way the mental institution operates, and eventually gets the best out of
One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by Ken Kesey, is a psychological drama that forces readers to look at a mental ward, and the inmates, with a different perspective. The novel is perceived through the eyes of Chief Bromden, a native american who pretends to be deaf to listen to the whispers of the ward. Life in this prison-like facility is full of scrutiny and both physical and mental abuse from “The Big Nurse”, Nurse Rached. However, when a new inmate by the name of McMurphy enters the hospital, her power is called into question through his leadership and rebellion. Kesey uses McMurphy, Bromden, and the other inmates to call into question how far one would go for a cause they believe in. Ronald Wallace talks about laughter as a cure
Mcmurphy’s sexuality battles against the perceived notion that one must be desexualized when living in a civilized society. Mcmurphy’s blatant virility and his “extraordinary physical presence” (Flick) is further juxtaposed against the sterile ward that is “...a factory for fixing up mistakes made in the neighborhoods and in the schools and in the churches” (Kesey 40). By quelling the sexuality of the patients, it is implied throughout the novel that the oppression of natural impulses leads directly to insanity. Devoid of natural expressions of sexuality, Harding even states that the patients are “... comical little creatures who can’t even achieve masculinity in the rabbit world” (Kesey 67). Consequently, Ratched is able to maintain her power because the patients themselves believe that they are “insane”. By refusing to conform to society’s norms, Mcmurphy “comes in bigger than life and restores the inmates’ power” (Flick). Mcmurphy’s resistance to Nurse Ratched’s desire to extinguish any semblance of virility allows the other patients to slowly regain their own sexuality and recognize their own power to resist her authority. This is illustrated as Mcmurphy jokes that Bromden’s erection is proof that he is getting bigger already. McMurphy later presents the ward with