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Roman contributions to modern society roads
The history of Roman architecture
The history of Roman architecture
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Rome Innovation: The Arch Uses: Used arches to span valleys such as aqueducts. It was also used to make theaters, amphitheaters, circuses, public baths, and basilicas. Significance: It shaped and influenced the Roman architectural style. It could also span long distances, like in the aqueducts. Romans relied on water-proof material, which was used in aqueducts. Innovation: Concrete Mortar Uses: Was used to build underwater structures, sort of like aqueducts. It was also used to construct well-designed buildings which still stand today. Significance: It was a long lasting material, as some building made from this concrete is still standing today. Without it, the aqueduct system wouldn’t be there and the Roman population would be decreasing, Innovation: Roman Roads Uses: They were used for trading and were …show more content…
They got germs from different people and dysentery or died. With the sewage system, less people got infected. Rarely, some people died from drinking dirty water. http://quatr.us/romans/science/sewage.htm Innovation: Julian Calendar Uses: Was the first solar calendar. Is used to find out the date and time of day it is. Julius Caesar told an Alexandrian Astronomer to make a calendar and he did. The calendar solely depended on the Earth’s revolutions around the Sun. They had every third year be a leap year, but changed it to every fourth year later on. The extra day in the leap year would be added to February, like today, but February was the last month of the year. Significance: At some places, the Gregorian Calendar had take over. But, in the early 1900s, some countries still used the Julian Calendar. Even today, some Orthodox Churches use the Julian Calendar. Some people in Northern Africa still use the Julian Calendar too. They even use the Julian Calendar on a Mountain called Mount Ethos. https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/julian-calendar.html Innovation:
From reading the article, “Ancient Timekeepers”, we are introduced to two different types of ancient calendar systems. These are the Stonehenge and the Mayan Calendar system. Although they were both created to serve a similar purpose, such as tracking the time of the year, they are far from similar. Stonehenge is a system based on shadows that mark significant days, such as the Summer Solstice. It is believed that Stonehenge was built by farmers to keep track of when to plant and harvest crops.
Having clean water supplies meant that the public did not have to use the same water for different jobs. For example they did not have to use the same water they showered in to do the same cooking. The Romans had also built a more advanced sewage system for the time. The Roman houses were built by stone which meant they would stay up for a long time. The Roman houses also had heated floors.
The Romans discovered many things that would aid the construction of their great civilization. The Romans discovered that a particular mixture of volcanic rock rubble and water could be used to create very strong structures; their concrete mixture could even be used in underwater applications. The Romans used concrete to make foundations for large buildings as well as bridges. They also used concrete as mortar to hold together the stones that made up roads, walls, and bridges. The Romans discovery of concrete allowed them to build very large structures that have survived many centuries.
The calendars and the calculations made are very important to the people’s culture and the importance of time. The Egyptians, Gregorian's, and the Mayans calendar all represent the importance of time in their culture. Each of these has different forms of finding the times and the creations of the calendars. The Egyptians created their calendars based on the Sirius, the Gregorian's creation was based on the Julian calendar, and the Mayans calendar was due to their astronomical table calculations. Each of these shows the different creations based on the people's cultures and beliefs.
A prime example that conveys the idea of buildings being used to express a sense of national identity lies within the Roman Empire and its consequent architecture. In order for the Romans to maintain control of their vast Empire, they required the building of both formal architecture, like temples and basilicas, as well as effective infrastructure, such as bridges, roads and aqueducts. The construction of roads and bridges allowed for communication between all the different provinces. Aqueducts allowed the Romans to supply the cities with water, whilst fortifications and city walls helped to protect them. Roman cities consisted of a network of administrative centers and the buildings within them acted as visual symbols of power throughout the Empire.
The Romans invented and revolutionised many innovations and technologies. Although, of all of these innovations and technologies, only one has survived unchanged for over 2000 years. Hydraulic cement-based concrete is certainly the most significant ancient Roman innovation that has come to be. Ancient Roman concrete was significant as it was cheap, and allowed the ancient world to build greater infrastructure. This in turn vitally helped revolutionise trade and many regions’ economy. Concrete also allowed long-lasting and important health systems, as well as security systems to be put into place for ancient Rome, revolutionising both health and safety across the ancient world. On top of this, to prove the significance of concrete, it is still
As the years passed, he showed to the people of the Roman Empire that he was a skilled architect, and that he was. He helped make it possible for there to be games in nearly every Roman city, with vast facets of entertainment of every kind just around the corner in a Roman city.
The Romans also excelled in the highly practical art, architecture. The Romans were the first people in antiquity to use concrete on a massive scale. By using concrete in their new architectural designs, the Romans were able to construct huge buildings, bigger than the Greeks ever could have dreamed of.
Caesar fixed the Roman calendar and made it very accurate(Anirudh While the calendar was off by a few minutes, it remained to be used for a long time before it was modified into the Gregorian calendar used today. By reforming the roman calendar, Caesar’s calendar would influence how days were counted and time was distributed. (Fife) Moreover, the month of July was named after him and his accomplishments with the calendar.
A Roman Aqueduct is an architectural device used to transport large amounts of water from a higher source to a lower city, using only the force of gravity (and occasionally some hydrodynamics). While there are certain portions of an Aqueduct that may have had a grand architectural bridge for the conduit to rest upon, most of an Aqueduct would be submerged below ground, typically ½ to 1 meters, so as to conserve the downward momentum in the case of a hilly blockage, and to prevent easy thievery of water. Shafts would be dug vertically, at around 70 meters apart from each other, and then the conduit would be dug in between each shaft. The Romans would use a device called a chorobates, which was a wooden frame with a water level inside, to make sure that they were digging at the correct downward angle. A “crane” would then be used to lower slabs through the shafts in order to cover the interior of the conduit. The slabs could be made out of stone, bricks, ashlar, or Roman concrete.
Opus caementicium or Roman concrete is a synthetic construction substance that’s composed of an aggregate, a binding agent, and water. In Rome’s case, as discovered by UC Berkley with the extensive analysis of a sample of Roman concrete taken from a breakwater in Italy’s Pozzuoli Bay it was developed by using lime and volcanic rock which formed a mortar, the mortar and volcanic rock were then packed into wooden forms and when seawater was added a chemical reaction occurred, bonding everything together to create concrete (History, 2013). It is uncertain when Roman concrete was developed, but it was clearly in widespread and customary use from about 150 BC; some scholars believe it was developed a century before that.
Over the years many civilizations have created ways to tell the passage of time and days. Civilizations have and always rely on something to conclude time. With the creation of calendars many ancient civilizations were able to tell time. For some people the calendars were what got them the good things. Calendars made a big difference in the way that people worked and did their usual things.
The key aspect discussed in this essay is focused on how to have different peoples created calendars to reflect time within their cultures. Over the years calendars have helped us keep track of things in the past and in current time. This includes important days like for example; based on the time we are aware when World War one occurred in the United States and when women gained the right to vote in 1920. Calendars have helped us keep track of time but the question is, are the calendars today accurate? Does it have to do with culture? Religion? Or the origin you come from? The information present below will justify for Ancient Calendars, How 1582 Lost Ten Days and at last, and for the Oldest Known Mayan Calendar Debunks December 2012 Myth.
The article,How 1582 Lost Ten Days”,by The Smithsonian, informs us on how The Council of Trent helped revise calendars to give us the calendar we still use to this day. In 46 B.C. Julia's Caesars calendar contained a flaw which was “365 ¼ days long and the actual solar year was 365.2422 days” meaning Julia's made a calendar that went over the solar years time limit. The council of Trent corrected this flaw and in that correction created the Gregorian calendar we still use to this day. The council fixing this problem is another way the discovery of calendars helped provide us with a way to keep track of time change,seasons,and
...ovements on the arch and the dome. Also, they built roads, bridges, harbors, and aqueducts, which they were most famous for. Aqueducts were a revolutionary invention that carried water from the hills to the cities. Even today, the principal of the aqueducts enables many urban areas to have water. The lasting contributions of the Roman Empire have helped to shape modern living.