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The importance of play in a child cognitive development pdf download
The importance of play in a child cognitive development pdf download
Free play and child cognitive development, elementary years
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within inner city communities. This paper focuses on the different activities offered to single parent families living inner city communities and the benefits and constraints that come along with these provided services.
Population background
Inner City Communities are often areas which are both densely populated and deteriorating(quote). The areas and its residents have strongly been correlated with social and economical disparity. Residents of inner city communities have been plagued with problems including: “high unemployment, poor health care, inadequate educational opportunities, dilapidated housing, high infant mortality, and extreme poverty” (Attitudes and Perceptions, n.d). Though the inner city communities have been stricken with
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Recreational activities are essential for inner city communities as it helps provide youth with opportunities to stay active by offering a diverse range of activities to help suit the desire and needs of each individual. The Canadian Parks Recreation Association (CPRA) states, “participation in recreation, sports, arts and cultural activities can reduce self-destructive behavior, negative social activity, crime, racism, isolation, loneliness and alienation in children and youth” (CPRA, The Benefits Catalogue 1997). Recreational activities offered to inner city youth include wellness, arts and educational classes. To help single working parents, many recreational programs are offered before and after school, providing youth with a wide range of of health and social services (Browne et al, 1998). Community centers are scattered throughout the community, which offers the residents free daily programs. Resource groups also offer a breadth of opportunities for inner-city youth to be active. Offering additional resources such as mentorship and coaching for children of single parent families to promote positive development. Further research of recreational benefits throughout inner city communities has concluded that recreational activities are pivotal, because it helps to increase the overall health and well-being of residents (The …show more content…
A prevalent but highly economical constraint that has plagued inner city communities is a lack of financial income. Studies have identified “costs of registration, equipment and travel expenses”, as key determents of the lack of participation within recreational activities by lower and single income families (Hughes et al, 1992). Though many programs are offered for free, programs which require fees discourage youth in lower income families from participating (Torrance, 1998). Many Inner cities do not offer recreational programs for its residents within the community, forcing the residents to seek recreational activates elsewhere. This results in additional investments in both time and transportation cost, as many low income families cannot afford a car (Hughes et al, 1992). This causes a strain on single parent families with more than one child, as they struggle to find programs which are suitable for various ages in different locations (Hughes et al, 1992). Another socioeconomic constraint which has heavily impacted recreational activities throughout inner city communities, is a lack of facilities and space for community centers. Residents of low income communities often reside in neighborhoods which lack resources needed to facilitate positive recreational involvement. A study in regards to the
At the dawn of the Twentieth century, cities, like Dayton, had factories being erected almost every day. The Industrialism period brought many people to cities looking for jobs. As cities became crowded and people overworked, a movement began to spend more time outside enjoying nature and all it has to offer. This created an opportunity that Charles W. Shaeffer saw, and jumped on (Dalton 11). He gave way for the idea of a club for those to spend time together, outdoors, to be involved with one another and to bring the community together as one. In the age of industrialism, in this city of 1000 factories, Dayton Canoe Club helped spark a new found love of outdoors for those in the city, and continues to do so today, 100 years later.
“Gentrification is a general term for the arrival of wealthier people in an existing urban district, a related increase in rents and property values, and changes in the district's character and culture.” (Grant) In layman’s terms, gentrification is when white people move to a black neighborhood for the sake of cheaper living, and in turn, raise up property values and force black neighbors to leave because of a higher price of living. Commonly, the government supports gentrification with the demolition of public housing in areas that are developing with more white neighbors. This is causing a decreasing amount of African Americans to be able to afford to live in the neighborhood as their homes are taken away from them, forcing them to relocate. Whilst gentrification normally has negative connotations, there are several people who believe gentrification brings about “an upward trend in property values in previously neglected neighborhoods.” (Jerzyk) On the other hand, this new trend in property value and business causes those...
The Greenhill Community Center was a multi-service center in Coastal City. Its main purpose was to provide human service programs for various factors throughout life with an intergenerational setting. Some of these included day care, elder programs, music classes, and afterschool programs. It was founded in 1982 and was set up in an old schoolhouse. In short, this community center could use some help.
...ll. The inner city has many complications the fact that most are African American is a mere coincidence. If we as a nation are capable of fixing all institutions and structural issues we could bring the slums out of poverty. The cycle of unemployment and poverty is a terrible cycle that cannot only be judged by race and cultural values. When reading this book keep in mind the difficulties, any family or person could go through these tribulations. There are many arguments and sides to each problem; this is another one of those. The battle for inner city poverty, and the factors that go along with it, has not been finished. Wilson brings out a different aspect which could help people expand horizons and come up with better solutions.
Overall, safety and poverty seem to be the main issues for children in the city of East St. Louis. Many of the families are said to live on less than 7,500$ a year and the city is basically described as a dump. With a lack of public services such as trach pick-up residents are forced to place their trash all over the city. Raw sewage is a big problem and even flows onto the playground for the children.
As skateboarding evolved, it was once something kids do in their free time, later became a prospering sport. This started many new changes to our local cities. “No skateboarding” signs are being posted places that skateboarders would go to practice. Architects are finding new ways to redesign structures like benches and handrails in the city, in order to lower the abundance of skateboarder in an area. All these changes have resulted in a good amount of money spent redoing everything to prevent skateboarding, but nothing is being done to give skateboarders a safe place to skate. For young teens whose only transportation is a skateboard, they can only travel so far, and skateparks are not close enough. To eliminate the amount of skateboarders in heavily populated areas, I propose that cities invest more money into building skateparks so skateboarders have a safe place to practice the sport.
The civil right leader, Coretta Scot King, Once said, “The greatness of a community is most accurately measured by the compassionate actions of its members.” A thriving community has pushed for transparency in its local government. For example, sports have an impact on communities that have both solidified communities and destroyed at least one. The videos for this week topic such as Wild in the Streets, Irish Hurling, and both LA Dodgers’ has created an open government that can treat people alike by proving them with both positive and negative benefits. Sports builds communities and sometimes tears them down.
...r of inequality in America, with so much poverty located within such a close proximity to the White House. That being said, gentrification efforts in DC appear to be focused on removing poor people, or at the very least, the visual image of crime, poverty, and corruption as it relates to the most powerful city in the country. Community activist groups have tried time and time again to stop gentrification from affecting their community, but often times, to no avail. What is truly sad is that while this cycle is continually perpetuated as a matter of “haves versus have nots” the way in which this system seems to always disproportionately marginalize one race of people in favor of another, does raise the question as to whether or not gentrification was orchestrated to operate in such a manner; and if so, what are the affected groups going to do about it.
Lance Freeman tackles the issue of gentrification from the perspectives of residents in the gentrified neighborhood. He criticizes the literature for overlooking the experiences of the victims of gentrification. The author argues that people’s conceptions on the issue are somewhat misinformed in that most people consider it as completely deplorable, whereas in reality, it benefits the community by promoting businesses, different types of stores, and cleaner streets. These benefits are even acknowledged by many residents in the gentrified neighborhood. However, the author admits that gentrification indeed does harm. Although gentrification does not equate to displacement per se, it serves to benefit primarily homeowners and harm the poor. Additionally,
Gentrification is the keystone for the progression of the basic standards of living in urban environments. A prerequisite for the advancement of urban areas is an improvement of housing, dining, and general social services. One of the most revered and illustrious examples of gentrification in an urban setting is New York City. New York City’s gentrification projects are seen as a model for gentrification for not only America, but also the rest of the world. Gentrification in an urban setting is much more complex and has deeper ramifications than seen at face value. With changes in housing, modifications to the quality of life in the surrounding area must be considered as well. Constant lifestyle changes in a community can push out life-time
Parts of Stoner Park are designed as a skate park, which could prevent older adults from visiting due to distaste for the younger generations’ skating interests or danger of accidents with the skaters. However, the Japanese Garden is a tranquil place with beautiful Japanese foliage, which could provide an enjoyable environment for those looking to unwind and get away from the urban atmosphere that is eminent throughout Los Angeles. Stoner Park is, however, the only park in Sawtelle (“Parks Sawtelle, Los Angeles, CA,” n.d.). If residents such as older adults do not live near it, its accessibility is less convenient, and because it is the sole park, it may see a lot of traffic which could also ward off seniors. More parks, regardless of size, should be introduced throughout the neighborhood to offer relaxing, open-space environments for the residents to use as a safe place for exercise, activity, and mental
Tashea argues, “By investing in recreation centers, we can provide alternatives to delinquency. By providing reception centers, Baltimore could create access to services for our most vulnerable youth” (1). Community centers are safe places for afterschool programs as Wilson and Philip, state, “For many youth, the recreation/drop-in center is a nonthreatening, relatively unstructured place to play sports and hang out in an otherwise high-risk urban area” (73). In Baltimore where the community leaders and stakeholders have brought the at-risk youth problem to the surface, they can start to see some positive outcomes. In positive data about a Baltimore Police Athletic League center Chung, et al., notes, “A study of the Goodnow Police Athletic League (PAL) center in northeast Baltimore, the first center to open in May 1995, also indicated that juvenile arrests dropped nearly 10 percent, the number of armed robberies dropped from 14 to 7, assaults with handguns were eliminated, and common assaults decreased from 32 to 20.3” (16). These statistics further prove that prevention options work effectively, and can greatly improve our American
One of the students who advocated for the ducks to get a diving board said that the ducks were bored and needed a diving board so that they could invite friends to come play, and those friends could invite new friends to come and play. This made me think that the student realized that the ducks should have had a right to have a diving board at their pond so that their community could grow. Which made me connect this letter to a community getting a recreation center in which citizens can relax, exercise, and meet new people. So the student saw that the diving board was a great opportunity for the community to grow. I saw many students advocating for the ducks explain how it was beneficial to the barnyard
Disadvantaged neighborhoods often present problems such as concentrated poverty, pollution, neglect of maintenance, vandalism, crime, poor mental and physical health and social isolation, which lead to a poor quality of life (Dekker, 2007; Sampson 2012). Many Western countries are trying to both approach and arrest these problems by designing area-based improvement policies (Gade, 2001; Andersson & Musterd, 2005). Before such programs can be implemented, however, one must be aware of which factors may be involved in the problems present in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Although research in this field suggests that there are many factors responsible for the above mentioned problems, this essay will only focus on the social dimension, and more specifically on social cohesion. Although debated, research suggests that Social cohesion may play a critical role in improving quality of life in disadvantaged neighborhoods, for example by reducing crime (Sampson, 2012; Dekker, 2007; Dekker & Bolt, 2005).
Key reasons why some of these inner cities are more prone to drug use is the fact that these people don’t want to stop using or even if they had the opportunity to get out of that state, they still end up in the same place. Half the time people who are in poverty are there because of drug use, they have a hard time of letting go of the drug so they end up in the same predicament