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Influenza A virus thesis
Influenza A virus thesis
Influenza A virus thesis
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Y’all probably know what the flu is. It is a very common sickness that infects thousands of people. It is also known as influenza and is a respiratory virus that affects the nose, the throat, bronchi, and can also affect the lungs. While some people might think that the flu is just another not important disease, to others, it is deadly. Globally, 5 to 10 percent of adults and 20 to 30 percent of children get infected with influenza each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 250,000 to 500,000 deaths occur worldwide each year. You might want to think about how deadly this virus can be and why it’s so bad this year in particular. This is what I will be talking about. You see, the flu is an interesting virus. Different strains of the virus are released each year. A, B, and C are the three main types of influenza. The types that are seasonal epidemics are A and B and most of the time occur every winter. C isn’t like A and B and only causes mild respiratory symptoms. The A virus has subtypes when it is broken down, and both A and B are broken down in order to be classified. There are many types of flus so to not bored you, I will keep it nice and simple. Influenza is known for being very, very contagious. All it …show more content…
Why is the flu so bad this year? For the damages it has caused this year, it is known as an epidemic. The reason as to why the flu is terrible right now has to fall partially on the vaccines. There has been a decrease in the effectiveness of the vaccines themselves which is not good. According to the CDC, influenza A has been more common this year and there has been a lot of more serious cases, usually in the elderly and children. Different flu strains have popped up which have added more cases. Sometimes, the flu weakens the immune system which makes the body more vulnerable to other viruses and diseases. Pneumonia is one of them. This is one reason as to why people, not just old and young people, are
Typically, the majority of those who die as a result of the flu are the elderly, and children. Under normal circumstances, this leaves the majority of the working class intact, and any major economic impact is spared. However, the 1918 flu epidemic is unique in that the majority of those who died were of working ages, between 15 and 50. Also, males were disproportionately more likely to die due to flu-related causes. During this time period, men dominated the workforce.
The Great War rages on. An influenza epidemic claims the lives of several Americans. But, the Boston Red Sox have done it again. Last night, in a 2-1 victory over the Chicago Cubs at Fenway Park (thanks to Carl Mays' three-hitter), the Boston Red Sox won their fifth World Series championship--amid death and disease, a reason to live ... Babe Ruth and the 1918 Red Sox. If I die today, at least I lived to see the Sox win the championship. For, it could be a long, long, time before this happens again.
Such was the case for Jules Bergeret. Jules was a “big, strapping man” who owned a tavern during the epidemic, and on December 11 he celebrated his 32nd birthday. Within two weeks Jules, his mother, his sister, and his 25 year old wife all fell victim to the flu, and on December 22 he was dead.4 The virus left victims bleeding out of their nose, ears, and mouth; some coughing so hard that autopsies would later show that abdominal muscles and rib cartilage had been torn. Victims also complained of extreme headaches and body aches that were so intense one man described it “as if his bones were breaking.”
The Influenza virus is a unique respiratory viral disease that can have serious economic and social disruption to society. The virus is airborne transmitted through droplets release by coughing or sneezing from an infected person or by touching infected surfaces. Symptoms range from mild to severe and may even result in death. People with the virus usually experience fever, headache, shivering, muscle pain and cough, which can lead to more severe respiratory illness such as pneumonia. People most susceptible to the flu virus are elderly individuals and young children as well as anyone whose health or immune system has been compromise. The most effective way to counteract the influenza virus is to get the flu vaccine which is available by shots or nasal spray before the flu season as well as practicing safe hygiene. (CDC, 2013)
Current influenza vaccines are about 70% to 90% effective in preventing influenza in healthy adults. Since the vaccines are made of dead fragments of influenza viruses, they cannot cause influenza. The strains of influenza that circulate change every year and therefore, it is necessary to make a new influenza vaccine annually. After vaccination, the body's immune system produces antib... ... middle of paper ... ...
Influenza is a major public health problem which has outbreaks all over the world. Resulting in considerable sickness and death rates. Furthermore, it is a highly infectious airborne disease and is caused by the influenza virus. Influenza is transmitted easily from one person to another person, which has a great impact on society. When a member of society becomes sick, it is more prone to spread to other people.
Influenza is very contagious and spreads rapidly from person to person. Influenza causes worldwide yearly epidemics. According to World Health organization Influenza affects 5-15% world’s population and resulting in 500,000 deaths yearly. Ottenberg stated that, in United States, an average of 200,000 were hospitalized and 36,000 died each year from influenza complications. Influenza is the sixth leading cause of death among US adults and is related to 1 in 20 death in persons older than 65 years. Disease control and prevention estimates indicate that infections like H1N1 which is one of the types of influenza, have resulted in an estimated 42 to 86 million cases and 8520 to 17620 deaths. As I mentioned earlier that infections like influenza are very contagious, they can spread easily from hcw to Patient and back to hcw. The most efficient and effective method of preventing influenza infection is vaccination(The best way to prevent influenza is with annual vaccination).(Sullivan,2010) (Gregory,Tosh &Jacobson, 2005). Motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness Influenza may increase the risk for death in people with existing heart, lung, or circulation disorders. In fact, the higher than average number of winter deaths in people with heart disease may be due only to the occurrence of influenza during those months.Vaccination provides immunity to fight against infection.To increase resistance to harm by modifying the environment to minimize preventable illness (NEED TO CHANGE WORDING)
A pandemic is an outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large region, whether that be multiple continents or worldwide. In order to be considered a pandemic, a disease must cross international boundaries and be contagious or infectious. Pandemics are usually caused by a new virus strain that humans have either very little or no immunity against. This contagious virus spreads easily from person to person, through direct contact or coughing and sneezing. A serious illness is caused worldwide from the virus, wiping out entire populations. Some of the deadliest pandemics include the Black Death, the Spanish influenza, and the second cholera pandemic.
The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between twenty and forty million people. (1) Influenza is a virus that appeared in 1918 and caused a pandemic. It made an enormous impact that is still significant to the world today. It has pushed scientists to make advancements in the medicine and vaccination industry that continue to grow each and every day. Influenza may be a horrible thing, but without it we wouldn’t be where we are today.
“Selecting the Viruses in the Seasonal Influenza (Flu) Vaccine.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. USA.gov, 9 March 2011. Web. 19 Jan. 2010
The disease affects many parts of your body like your lungs, nose and may also give you headaches ranging in severity. Some people are more susceptible to the bad effects of the flu and the experts from the American Heart Association stated, “If you have asthma or other lung diseases, or other chronic conditions you are at higher risk of developing complications from the flu.” This means that some people have a higher risk of the flu turning into something that can be life threatening. If it goes untreated then there can be serious consequences that can appear worse than the flu since there are other factors of your health being affected. On the other hand, if you wouldn’t have had the other issues like lung diseases or asthma, it would only develop into the flu and portray only the symptoms that influenza
The Flu is the common name influenza which is a virus that attacks the respiratory system. The flu virus releases its genetic information into the cells nucleus to replicate itself. When the cell dies, those copies are released and they affect other cells throughout the rest of the body. With that happening the virus weakens the immune system. When your sick with the flu, your body builds up a defense by making antibodies against it. The flu virus spreads through air when a person coughs, sneezes, or speaks.
The swine influenza or swine flu is a respiratory disease in pigs that is caused by the type A influenza viruses. These viruses are referred to as swine flu viruses but scientifically the main virus is called the swine triple reassortant (tr) H1N1 influenza virus. When the viruses infect humans they are called variant viruses. This infection has been caused in humans mainly by the H1N1v virus in the United States. The H1N1 virus originates in animals due to improper conditions and the food they ingest. The virus stays in latency form, thus harmless to the respective animal. The longer the animals survive the more likely the virus is to develop and strengthen making it immune to vaccines. The virus reproduced through the lytic cycle. The virus injects its own nucleic acids into a host cell and then they form a circle in the center of the cell. Rather than copying its own nucleic acids, the cell will copy the viral acids. The copies of viral acids then organize themselves as viruses inside of the cell. The membrane will eventually split leaving the viruses free to infect other cells.
What is a vaccine? A vaccine is a preparation of your immune system to receive and fight against an infectious disease. It “teaches the immune system” to fight off the disease. When you get the vaccine, there is actually some of the infection in it.
Each year during flu season, which can start in October and go till May, thousands of Americans get sickened with the flu – “a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses” (WebMD). Flu symptoms include fever, sore throat, fatigue, runny or stuffy nose, muscle and body aches, and headaches. While most people will recover from flu in less than two weeks, some people, especially young children, adults who are sixty-five and older, and people with chronic conditions might experience complications that will require hospitalization. Public health officials urge everyone who is six month older and not allergic to components of flu vaccine to get a flu shot. People should get flu vaccines each year as it is the most effective way to prevent the flu.