In Trinidad and Tobago there are many companies that produce wastewater due to many different reasons. Some such companies that are known to produce wastewater are Carib Brewery Ltd, Coca Cola, Nestle and BP also known as British Petroleum. Some companies have different methods which they use to treat their wastewater to be able to reuse it or release it back into streams as an acceptable standard of quality. After doing my research it has to be noted that not all companies have a standard method or process to deal with their wastewater which they produce.
Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises of liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations. Any type of wastewater that passes through a sewer can be referred to as sewage. Wastewater can be categorized by different groups. These groups are domestic, municipal, commercial and industrial wastewater and non-point sources. There are two major types of wastewater treatments which are biological and physical/chemical treatment.
BP is a company that has a process which is used to treat wastewater. BP’s Trinidad and Tobago Refinery uses water at every stage of the refining process. Cooling hydrocarbons is one of the most common uses of water, however water is also used for other purposes such as cleaning the ships. Once water had come in contact with hydrocarbons or other contaminants it is classified as “waste water”. The Trinidad Refinery operates two systems for cleaning water prior, one of which is a multi-stage Waste Water Treatment Plant. There are diffe...
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... Activated Sludge Unit for retreatment. Once water is cleaned to the appropriate standard it is discharged to WASA’s municipal wastewater treatment system. Salt water used as cooling water is not contaminated under normal circumstances, so is subject to a different treatment process. The heated water passes through three separators during which time it cools down prior to discharge. If oil is visible in any cooling water, actions are taken to isolate the source of the leak.
Each step of the wastewater treatment process is monitored and data recorded optimize the treatment process. Samples of the treated wastewater, taken by automatic samplers, are analyzed for hydrocarbons, phenolic, sulfides, heavy metals, nitrogen, pH, temperature etc. The results are recorded and reported to the EMA, who are the regulating body for the refinery’s environmental license.
Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
our pipelines and sewers where it goes to a treatment plant to be treated, but
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
BP corporate document. (2005). BP Public Website. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from Code of Conduct: http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/C/coc_en_full_document.pdf
Waste In The Bay, What Else Can I Say? Lay a hand for Jamaica Bay! Jamaica Bay, also known as Dead Horse Bay, has a toxic past filled with pollution and decaying carcasses (Roberts,2010). For over a decade, Jamaica Bay has been the main dumping site for waste treatment plants, oozing contaminants from a nearby landfill, runoff from the Belt Parkway and airplane fuel (Roberts,2010). To address this issue of pollution, finding the source of the contaminate would help reduce the continuous depletion of Jamaica Bay.
The key stakeholders are Peter Vyas, the manager of filtration unit and Cynthia Jackson who is the vice president of water management division. Vyas was convinced that the survival of the unit depended upon innovative growth and thus he appointed a technology evaluation team with the responsibility of using technology to solve the problem of obtaining clean water in remote regions, by developing a small-scale oxidation system that enabled waste-water disinfection in small batches. His utmost concern is the technological aspect of developing the product. On the other hand, Cynthia’s perspective was shaped by the marketing angle of the product. She recommended the development of future proposals using a rigorous three phase process which links the markets analysis and technological development to busines...
The bacteria and wastewater is mixed in an aeration tank and therefore the contaminants are removed by action of sorption and series of breakdown by the bacteria.
Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage such as: the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important; as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community. A precise system, of which must be compliant according to government standards, is critical to maintain low levels of wastes that are returned to neighboring water systems after treatment.
If you are an average homeowner, there is a strong chance that you are unaware of the differences between freshwater, greywater and blackwater. Freshwater is the most self-explanatory term of the three. This term refers to contaminant-free water flowing through your plumbing system that is safe to drink. On the other end of the water spectrum is blackwater. This refers to the water that is discharged from toilet waste and similar processes. Falling between freshwater and blackwater on this spectrum of water contamination is greywater. Greywater refers to the water that remains after bathing, washing laundry, or cleaning dishes. This water is far from being fit to drink; however, if contaminants like soap, food particles, dirt and oil are removed, this water may be repurposed before it is disposed.
The consumption of contaminated water can be dangerous for health reasons and several people have passed away from these water-borne diseases. Some of these diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Giardiasis, and Malaria. These unfortunate diseases are currently the cause of numerous deaths, especially in small children. The availability of clean water can prevent many problems in low-income communities. The available resources for clean water are very rare, so these water sources need to pass through a process of water sanitation in order to just be sustainable to drink, “The world’s surface is made up of approximately 80% water, which is an indestructible substance.
Evo Morales stated, “Sooner or later, we will have to recognize that the Earth has rights too, to live without pollution. What mankind must know is that human beings cannot live without Mother Earth, but the planet can live without humans” (Pollution Quotes, 2013). Hence, attention must be provided to this devastating issue. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse changes (Wieman, 2013). There are numerous types of pollution, such as light, air, land, water, noise, thermal and radioactive pollution. In an article, the author highlighted that according to Richard Buckminster Fuller, “Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting, we allow them to disperse because we’ve been ignorant of their value” (Farrell, 1971, p. 52). Pollution is created mostly by human actions, but can also be a result of natural disasters. Pollution can harm the environment of the world and its inhabitants in many ways. Pollution has a detrimental effect on any living organism in an environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life (Enclyopedia - Pollution, 2008).
During one of the first stages, coagulation and flocculation, positive charge chemicals are added to water that is gathered at a treatment plant, negative chemicals become neutralized (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Neutralization of these positive chemicals result in larger particles after they bind to the positive chemicals to form floc (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Sediment is formed from the floc weighted down to the bottom of the processing tank. With the sediment on the bottom, water that is on the top flows through a filter that can remove contaminants. Any contaminants that are left over after filtration is then killed by a disinfectant that is added to the water. Following the treatment process the drinking water is tested periodically by the city/county and results can be requested by the public. In most areas, for a fee, an individual can purchase a water testing lab test and submit it to a lab for an
The half treated water then goes by gravity to covered aeration tanks where it is mixed with "activated sludge" which contains aerobic bacteria. The bacteria eat the organic things remaining in the water. In order to provide a good environment for the bacteria to multiply, air is pumped and spread into the water by blowers. The water, air and ...
Wastewater is the combination of water-carried or liquid wastes starting in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings, industrial or commercial facilities. In addition to this, surface water, groundwater and storm water may also be present. It is any water that has been badly affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It contains waste from residential, industrial and commercial processes. Municipal water contains industrial wastewater, sewage and gray water. Gray water is the water from sinks and showers. Large industries also produce wastewater.
Safe water and sanitation as a basic human right, household water treatment, rainwater harvesting ... and reports from Kyoto, Madagascar, Uzbekistan, Guinea and other countries around the world.