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Special Education in the Individualized Education Program
Children are unique and different. No two are the same. They have different likes, dislikes, behaviors, learning styles, and background. We live in a nation where education is extremely vital regarding our children. Each state has gone over and beyond getting and developing services to meet the needs of every child.
We must consider that, “there are more than 6.6 million students with disabilities in the United States public school who receive special education services, which means that there are 6.6 million Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) that have been developed, and are being implement at any given time” (Blackwell & Rossetti, 2014). The IEP “is considered a legal document
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In fact, special education teachers now complete a wide range of tasks beyond instruction, which includes completing IEP paperwork, and goal updating, supervising para-educators, assessing students, collaborating with other educators and families (Vannest & Hagan-Burke, 2010).
Accommodations and State and District-wide Assessment
An assessment accommodation is an alternative way a test is administered, such as the environment or setting of the test, how the test is presented, the timeframe of the testing, the time allotted for a response, and adjustable test schedule, or other needed accommodations. An assessment is provided because it helps to show what a student with disabilities knows without being impeded by his or her disabilities.
How an assessment accommodation is decided should be based on the need of the student for the student to have an equal chance to demonstrate what he or she knows without being slowed down by the disability. The IEP identifies the accommodation needed in order for the student to participate in an
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Etscheidt, S. K. (2006). Progress monitoring: Legal issues and recommendations for IEP teams. TEACHING Exceptional Children. 56-60.
Gleckel, E. K., & Koretz, E. S. (2008). Collaborative individualized education process. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Hartmann, E. S. (2016). Understanding the everyday practice of individualized education program team members. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 26(1), 1-24.
Maag, J.W. (2004). Behavior management: From theoretical implications to practical applications (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadworth.
Musyoka, M. M., & Clark, D. M. (2017). Teachers’ perceptions of individualized education program (IEP) goals and related services. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 29(1), 5-23.
Pacer Center (2009). Least restrictive environment (LRE): A simplified guide to key legal requirements. Retrieved from www.raisingspecialkids.org/_media/uploaded/k/ Oe1834395_kinderleastrestricetiveenvironments.pdf.
Vannest, K. J., & Hagan-Burke, S. (2010). Teacher time use in special education. Remedial & Special Education, 31(2), 126-142.
Zeitlin, V. M. & Curcic, Svjetlana. (2013). Parental voices on Individualized Education
This program is geared towards middle and high school students and teaches the leadership and self-determination skills needed to effectively contribute to the IEP process. The Self-Directed IEP uses video modeling, student assignments, and role playing to teach students IEP leadership skills. Arndt, Konrad, and Test (2006) studied the effectiveness of The Self-Directed IEP on 5 inner-city high school students who had been receiving special education since the primary grades. Students were observed during real and mock IEP meetings during the baseline period, and then were given The Self-directed IEP intervention. After the intervention, students once again participated in mock IEP meetings. The study found that student participation in the mock IEP meetings increased after the intervention was implemented (Arndt et al., 2006). The authors also noted that the students were able to generalize skill acquisition and participated more fully in real IEP meetings as well (Arndt et al., 2006).Student feedback also indicated that students felt more knowledgeable and confident about the IEP process as a whole (Arndt et
The IEP team may include the student, their parents, a regular teacher, a special education provider and other representatives, such as a social worker or relative child care provider. These meets are required to be held within 30 days of the student’s acceptance into the special education program. Every IEP has the two main goals of setting reasonable learning goals and establishing academic services that the school will provide. The IEP should state which state and district-wide assessments that the student will or will not participate in and why.
IEP Development. In developing the IEP, the team should determine the child’s present level of academic achievement and functional performance and project whether any additions or modifications to the instruction or services are necessary to enable the child to meet measurable annual goals and to participate, as appropriate, in the general education curriculum. IDEA requires that the team considers the student’s strengths; parents’ concerns; evaluation results; and academic, functional, and developmental needs of the student. The IEP team must also consider individual circumstances. One special consideration is whether the student’s behavior impedes that student’s learning or the learning of other students. If so, the IEP team must consider the use of positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS), and other strategies, to address the behavior.
The large special education student population combined with the administrative and staff turnover has posed a challenge. Ensuring all teachers and staff have the essential knowledgebase is vital, however my current role generates time restraints. EXTERNAL CONTEXT AND POLICY Education leaders influence political, social, economic, legal and cultural contexts affecting education to improve education policies and practices (6A) Understanding and Communicating Policy correlates with action plan. I will inform all members of the current legal mandates established by federal law, as safeguarding student rights is imperative. I will attend IEP and MD meetings to ensure federal mandates are applied to each child’s education pathway.
I chose to do my paper on students with Individualized Education Program’s for this fact alone. The majority of these students do not look any different from the other students. They want to be a part of the general education classroom setting. They may have mainstreaming and inclusion with IEP’s which makes the lives for these students more thriving. The main goal I have discovered in my reading of Individualized Education Program is placing the student at the center. The student is the main priority and their IEP focuses on meeting their educational needs. In reading, Inclusion and Mainstreaming I learned in the past, physically and mentally disabled children were often stricken form society and placed in separate institutions. This ended on November 29, 1975 when the Education for all Handicapped Children Act was signed. The Act required the government to provide ample funding for all handicapped children from ages 3-...
In 1991 the Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act was replaced by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This law was passed to provide free and appropriate public education to every child with a disability. It requires that each child with a disability “have access to the program best suited to that child’s special needs which is as close as possible to a normal child’s educational program” (Martin, 1978). The Individualized education program (IEP) was developed to help provide a written record of students’ needs and procedures for each child that receives special education services. The IEP will list all the services to be provided, the student's performance level, academic performance, and modifications in place for the student.
The Gaskin Settlement Agreement is an agreement between a group of families and advocacy organizations who filed a class action lawsuit against the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) on behalf of a group of children with disabilities in 1994. This agreement does not change a student’s placement, program, or IEP in any manner. Only the IEP team has the authority to make modifications that will impact a student’s IEP. The main goal of this settlement is to make sure that IEP teams will determine if the goals in a student’s IEP may be implemented in a general education setting with supplementary aids and services prior to considering an environment that is more restrictive in nature. The elements of this case were designed to help increase the capacity of school districts to provide related services, SDI that is appropriate, supplementary aids and services, and supports to students who have disabilities that are placed in general education classrooms. The PDE lists many important elements of the Settlement Agreement to be aware of...
For a special education student to be successful and reach their true potential, it takes a collaborative effort between both the special education and general education teacher. Both teachers need to have an understanding of each student’s disability and unique academic needs. Both teachers play vital roles in participating as part of the IEP team, providing professional input, and best practices to develop the student’s IEP, which will provide all stakeholders in the child’s education the accommodations and modifications for the special needs child to be successful in the
The Individualized Education Program is developed by a team that includes the parents of the student, a general education teacher, a special education teacher, a school representative (principal), a person knowledgeable about evaluation (school psychologist), and others at request of IEP participants. The primary job of the IEP team is to plan a program of special education and related services that is reasonably calculated to provide a meaningful education benefit. The IEP Process includes a review of assessme...
The students in our classrooms, both special education and general education classrooms, require individualized education to reach their full potential. Each child’s potential is different just as each child’s road to reach it is different. Our job as teachers is to be there for the student’s to help them reach their potential through their own unique way.
Martin, G., & Pear, J. (1999). Behavior Modification: What it is and How to do it. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Musyoka and Clark explore the relevance of Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals in correlation to student with disabilities, especially children who are deaf, success in school in the Teachers’ Perceptions of Individualized Education Program (IEP) Goals and Related Services article. In their research, Musyoka and Clark looked at common IEP goals in early education programs and teacher’s views on these goals. This qualitative article analysis the data of 118 deaf children ages three to five in twenty-five states special education programs. This three-year study focused on the type of invention the deaf child is receiving and the impact of teachers on the child. In conclusion, the authors discussed the methods and goals that best support deaf learners, also where school systems need to improve to better support deaf students.
The motivating principle behind IDEA was to ensure an equal opportunity for all children. In order to affect that idea, we have to find a balance between all children’s needs. In 1975, came the passage of the federal Education of All Handicapped Children Act, now revised as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1990). For handicapped children, the law was long overdue. The designers of IDEA saw themselves as progressive reformers, designing fairer, more responsive schools. The lawmakers were attempting to rectify two historical injustices. First, public schools were not serving many of the country’s eight million handicapped children, with as many as one million children not attending school. Second, a disproportionate number of minority children were being referred to as educable mentally retarded. Combining free speech and due process would guarantee that school officials would make less arbitrary and frivolous educational decisions they reasoned. IDEA envisioned more than just installing wheelchair ramps and updating testing procedures. Certainly the breadth of the act struck absolute terror in the hearts of school administrators. It called for not only specially designed instruction for each child but also for related services designed to meet unique needs, including: transportation, speech therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychological counseling, and social work services. In order to avoid inappropriate placements, a full and individual evaluation from a multi-disciplinary team would be given in the child’s native language. To avoid cultural bias, there would be no single procedure serving as the only criterion for placement. Each child was to receive an Individualized Education Plan...
The name of the journal article is called, “When assumptive world collides a review of definitions of collaboration and consultation.” It was written by Ann C. Shulte and Susan Osborne. This review comes from the Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation. 14(2), 109-138. The journal article was published June,1 2003.
There are many things that need to be included in an IEP. There are the obvious things like the students name and identifying information. Also, the date that the special services will begin, where the services will be delivered, and the duration to which these services will extend. Places to which these services can be administered include schools, homes, and/or hospitals. The age for which services can begin are at the age of 3 and end at the age of 21. Another thing that will be included in the IEP is a statement of the child’s present academic achievement and functional performance. This may include how the child’s disability affects his/her performance in the general education classroom, or how a child may be unable to participate in certain activities. After identifying the child’s problems in the general education curriculum, goals can be put into place. These goals include both academic and functional goals that are designed to allow the child to progress in the general education curriculum. There must also be assessment information in the IEP. This information includes