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The Spanish conquest and its consequences
An essay about spanish conquest
The Spanish conquest and its consequences
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The Inca’s were one of the most complex empires of the 15th and 16th century of all time. One commodity that the Incas were know for was their extremely large army and their intense war tactics. The Incan army was one of the largest armies in the 15th and 16th centuries. While they had a very large numbers, they were also skilled fighters. The Incan army had the weapons and the tactics to take out any enemy they wanted to.
In the Incan army they had a vast amount of men. This was because in the Incan times every man had to serve in the military because of the socialist structure of these civilizations. A rotating system was in effect and married men from ages twenty five to thirty had to participate in the army. During the reins of Huayna Capac and Tupac Yupanqui the army was at its highest with about two hundred thousand men. Also, not only would it be the Inca army fighting if an opposing force was taken over, but then the main Inca would make the defeated soldiers fight with them. The most well know Incan generals are Quizquiz, Chalkuchimac and Ruminahui, all of whom, were generals of the emperor Atahualpa. Also, Atoc was a general of the Emperor Huascar. During the Inca reign the army was tested many times. To conquest the west of South America they had to fight many enemies. After they successfully conquered Peru, the empire had many civil wars. One while Atahualpa was in power against his brother Huascar. This was between 1527 and 1532 and Atahualpa was able to conquer his brother and become the head Inca. Also there were a few others during the reign of Huascar. The biggest test for the Inca army was to hold off the conquering of the Spanish and Francisco Pizarro in 1528. This lasted till 1572. Pizarro was able to execut...
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...a large stone or copper. It was cut to have six jagged sides for a strong blow to the side of the head to crack the skulls of their enemy. The armor that the Incas wore was next to nothing. The higher officials wore a copper breastplate and shin pads when they were finally able to use copper and he also had a helmet. The other men sometimes wore helmets but most of the time the Incas didn’t use armor.
The Inca military was an army that was known for its weaponry, intensely large numbers and war tactics. The Inca army could not withstand the power of the Spanish conquistadors but could take over any part of South America they wanted. The only reason the Incas fell out of power was because of the Spaniards and their more complex weaponry. The Incas were not only one of the best empires of all time but also had one of the most intense and best armies of their time.
This primary source tells the reader a great deal about the Incas. The Incas were extremely wealthy. Most of the document tells the reader about the wealth and riches of the Incas, describing their wealth in depth. Jobs in the Incas’ society included many lavish occupations. “[M]any silversmiths who did nothing but work rich pieces of gold or fair vessels of silver; large garrisons were stationed there, and a steward who was in charge of them all” (Pedro). The Incas were organized and intelligent. Large armies were set up to protect their villages, and they had plenty of silver and gold to experiment with and create new beautiful objects. They used their systems to create a fair,
The Mongols, a nomadic society in the 13th century, were quickly able to conquer a vast amount of land in Eurasia. The Mongols were able to accomplish expanding their empire so widely and so fast because they had many military tactics, and their army was extremely well trained. These both got them a leg up on their enemies. The Mongols were incredibly ruthless at times in battle and used interrogation tactics to gain intel. Plus, their soldiers were trained from a very young age and always prepared.
The Aztec’s and Incas seemed like a very well devoted tribe to one another. Even though they only lived a few thousand miles away from each other and didn’t know about each other they were well known. The artifacts left behind shows that they were very advanced, and the food they ate they knew how to take care of their bodies. The Aztec and Inca’s also knew how to prepare for war also. These two tribes are some of the best warriors known to man.
...adors were more sophisticated, and had developed from an entirely different type of combat known to the Aztecs. The Aztecs basically lived on their military training, which was far more extensive than most military training in Spain. While Aztec combat focused on capturing prisoners, European military techniques were made to kill and destroy and opponent. The Aztecs were a culture which placed so much importance on their military; they started wars simply because of a need to sacrifice victims. This culture was also in a near continuous state of war with their neighboring people. Much like the Spartans of Europe, every single male received military training.(Katz, 1958) This requirement helped make the Aztec army highly effective in battle. Aztec culture helped create a fighting force that was among the best in the Americas at the time.(Cortes-Rincon, 2013)
Prior to the Inca empire expansion of 1438-1493, gender roles were governed by the societal concept of gender parallelism. The Incas allowed this idea to become the foundation of equality in matters such as religion, economics, sexuality, and labor. However, the dynamic faltered as the Inca Empire began expanding at an aggressive rate. Culturally ingrained gender parallelism was manipulated for the success of imperial goals. The Inca empire expansion stripped women of the established autonomy gender parallelism provided, created a conquest hierarchy, and altered the entirety of Inca cultural practices for the sake of a larger empire.
The Aztecs and Incas served an important role in the primal Native American civilizations. They were similar and different with the treatment of women, the economy, and intellectual achievements. Economically, both civilizations used trade, tribute, and agriculture to build their economy. However, the Aztecs had a more mixed economy, used trade more frequently than the Incas, and had a merchant class whereas the Incan civilization had more governmental control. Intellectually, both civilizations achieved in fields such as architecture, and art; however, the Incan empire had a wider range of achievements, disregarding their lack of writing. Throughout both civilizations, women had a tough life and were underappreciated but comparing the two, Incan women had it better off due to parallel descent.
The Inca Empire Janos Gyarmati’s Paria la Viexa and an expanding empire: Provincial centers in the political economy of the Inca Empire proved that the Inca’s built an empire unlike any other. From 1440 to 1532 A.D., the Inca Empire dominated the Americas. Known as “the fastest growing and largest territorial empire”(Gyarmati 37) of its time, the Inca Empire left a mark with their complex, perpetual and innovative economic, road, and settlement system. The Inca’s were advanced for their time, however, they lacked a system that would guarantee the survival of their kin. In order to strive, for the long-term, the Inca’s created provincial centers that would ensure their growth and economy for the generations to come.
...c used a slash and burn style of farming and they relocated once the nutrients of the land were used up. The Incas were much more advanced. Labor specialization was common, especially in the large densely populated areas like Cuzco. The Incas made roads, had irrigation channels, fortresses, and mines. They used crop rotation and terracing and other advanced agricultural methods.
The Inca Empire consisted of a hierarchical structure, extremely difficult to escalate, with the Sapa Inca as supreme Lord as he was often associated with the gods. Then the power continued along to the high priest (Villac Umo) who was believed to have the ability to talk directly with the
The Incas used a wide range of building materials including three types of stones: Yucay limestone, green Sacsayhuaman diorite porphyry, and black andesite. Each block of stone could have weighed many tons. They had to be cut in order to be transported using nothing more than harder stones and bronze tools. Most of the structures were just one room with the outer walls sloping in about 5 degrees to make the walls look higher and thicker then they actually are, this is called ‘the trapezoid form’. In every large Inca settlement there was a structure called a ushnu, this was a sort of platform, that symbolized the Inca state rule across the whole empire and they were used for state-ceremonies, judicial purposes, and processions. Since the Incas never invented the wheel they had no use for roads so instead of traveling along roads they used bridges made of rope and pathways to get from place to place conveniently in the mountains. The Incas had a number of other architectural advancements, but these are just the general ones that the common people would
The Incas also used copper and some bronze for weapons and tools. They also had a communication system with knots on strings.
Like the Athenians and Spartans of ancient Greece, the Inca and the Aztec bear resemblance to the two other ancient cultures. The Athenians and Incas were both more interested in developing their Arts as well as their military, but both the Spartans and the Aztecs were highly interested more so in warfare than religion. Although the Aztec and Inca never had to face each other, it is interesting to compare them because of their dominant positions of extremely large and powerful tribes. I am going to compare and contrast religion and the social system along with their system of government, which can be put together.
The Spanish conquest of the Inca in the 1500s A.D. was an event that significantly changed the peoples of South America by leading to the decline of the Inca Empire. This essay discusses why in the last millennium the Europeans were the people who were able to conquer so many of the world’s great civilizations and control so much of the world. While there were other Europeans that conquered other groups of people, this essay focuses on the Spanish and the Incas. Motivation to conquer and ability to do so (such as steel and immunity to diseases) are the key aspects in Europeans gaining power of much of the world that this essay discusses.
To a soldier, war was not romantic nor an intellectual adventure: It was a job of work to which he brought a steady, stubborn, adaptable schooled application (Adcock 6). A grouping of men called Legions were the main force in the Roman Empire. In the Republican times the legions were given a serial number (I, II, III, etc.) each year they were recruited. The smallest unit in the legion was the century, made up of one hundred men. Legionaries used javelins to begin the battle at long range and disrupt enemy battle lines before charging forward to engage the enemy at close range with swords and shields. The normal strength of a Legion was four thousand infantry and two hundred calvary, which could be expanded to five thousand in an em...
The Incan garments were extremely basic with very little shape to them. Men and women wore sack-like sleeveless tunics, called unku, that were made out of two rectangular pieces of material sewn together. The men wore it down to their knees and women wore it down to their ankles (Baudin, 1961, 63).