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Jim crow laws and their effects
Jim crow laws and their effects
Jim crow laws and their effects
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After having viewed a few films in Chicano History class like A Class Apart, A Struggle for Educational Equality, and Latin and African Americans: Friends or foes, one cannot help but wonder how it is possible that you might be learning about the intense racism towards Latinos the United States for the very first time after having devoted your life to the American country. I, myself was born and raised in Arizona, a state south of the United States, in the city of Tucson that lies about only an hour away, or around 68 miles away from the Nogales, Sonora, Mexican border. One would assume to know a sufficient amount of history of the neighbor land or at least be aware of some fundamental facts about America and Mexico 's relationship throughout Texas. That has to do with Pedro Fernandez murdering his employer after a heated argument in a cantina. Realizing that this was not simply a murder case, but a case in which Mexican discrimination could be noticed, Gus Garcia and a team of Mexican-American lawyers took the case all the way to the Supreme Court where they challenged Jim Crow-style discrimination against Mexican Americans. On May 3, 1954, the Supreme Court announced its ruling in the case; Pedro would receive a new trial and would be judged by a true jury of his peers since Mexican Americans were protected under the 14th Amendment. Hernandez V. Texas marked a date of a change in the United States of America when the Supreme Court Recognized the Mexican American class truly as a class Board of Education of Topeka took place. America 's public schools promised a postwar generation of students, many of whom would graduate and continue on to higher education. schools were segregated though because of the "separate but equal" law. In the film, Latin and African-Americans: Friends or foes, the struggle between Latin and African Americans relationship because of American discrimination is analyzed and one can conclude that the competition between the two, to not be the race that was at the bottom could intensify. Not only were there political conflicts that caused for divided communities there were also issues in education, one common issue involving bilingual education. Education plays a big role in these two films, not only were schools segregated and did colored people have the worst facilities and were treated poorly, but there were conflicts even amongst themselves (Latinos and African Americans). It was not fair to treat these races the same when they were indeed different from each
Harvest of the Empire is a valuable tool to gaining a better understanding of Latinos. This book helps people understand how varied Latino’s in the United States are. The author also helped give insight as to how Americans reacts to differences within itself. It does this by giving a description of the struggles that every Latino immigrant faced entering the United States. These points of emphasis of the book were explained thoroughly in the identification of the key points, the explanation of the intersection of race, ethnicity, and class, in addition to the overall evaluation of the book.
In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown vs. The Board of Education that schools needed to integrate and provide equal education for all people and it was unconstitutional for the state to deny certain citizens this opportunity. Although this decision was a landmark case and meant the schools could no longer deny admission to a child based solely on the color of their skin. By 1957, most schools had began to slowly integrate their students, but those in the deep south were still trying to fight the decision. One of the most widely known instances of this happening was at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. It took the school district three years to work out an integration plan. The board members and faculty didn't like the fact that they were going to have to teach a group of students that were looked down upon and seen as "inferior" to white students. However, after much opposition, a plan was finally proposed. The plan called for the integration to happen in three phases. First, during the 1957-1958 school year, the senior high school would be integrated, then after completion at the senior high level, the junior high would be integrated, and the elementary levels would follow in due time. Seventeen students were chosen from hundreds of applicants to be the first black teenagers to begin the integration process. The town went into an uproar. Many acts of violence were committed toward the African-Americans in the city. Racism and segregation seemed to be on the rise. Most black students decid...
The essay compares the Mexican American struggle to the African American struggle and even points out how some Mexican Americans did not want to join in the fight the get legal protection for the fear of being on the same level as an African American 12[12]. The student’s essay recognizes that although Hernandez was clearly guilty his lawyer Gus Garcia was fighting for the over all civil rights of Mexican American people when it came to trial by jury. The article further
The Author of this book (On our own terms: race, class, and gender in the lives of African American Women) Leith Mullings seeks to explore the modern and historical lives of African American women on the issues of race, class and gender. Mullings does this in a very analytical way using a collection of essays written and collected over a twenty five year period. The author’s systematic format best explains her point of view. The book explores issues such as family, work and health comparing and contrasting between white and black women as well as between men and women of both races.
The particular issue was whether a black girl, Linda Brown could attend a local, all-white school. Linda had to walk over twenty blocks to get to her school in Topeka even though there was a local school just down the road. Linda's class at her school in Topekawas big, the classrooms were shabby and their were not enough books for each child. The all-white school down her road was much better off, better education with a lot better teaching materials. The poor quality education and environment at Linda's school was because the Topeka Board of Education spent much more money on the white school than on Linda's school for blacks.
The 1960s was the time when women and men were treated with cruelty, were paid barely enough money to spend on food, and were beaten senseless just because of their race. Though it sounds like an excruciating life to live, many of these African Americans lived life to the fullest despite what others thought of them. In Kathryn Stockett’s The Help, African Americans are treated hastily by whites, as analyzed by the book’s historical significance, personal analysis, and literary criticisms to fully comprehend life in the 1960s of the south.
What would it be like to wake up everyday knowing you would get bullied, mistreated, and/or abused just because of where you were born? Discrimination still exists! “Discrimination remains and there is an increase in hate crimes against Hispanics, Latinos and Mexican-Americans, as one of the perceived symbols of that discrimination, the U.S.-Mexico Border Fence, nears completion. Instead of pulling together in these difficult times, we may see a greater polarization of attitudes” (Gibson). But why are hate crimes increasing towards Latin and Hispanic aliens and what types of discrimination are occurring against them? Understanding violence towards the Hispanic and Latin alien is divided into three main classes; the difference between legal and illegal aliens, the attacks and effects, and the point of view of different people towards aliens.
The 14th amendment establishes that all people in United States have the same rights, and cannot be discriminate against people or groups of people randomly. In order that, with the case Hernandez vs. Texas a Mexican Pete Hernandez was wrongly accused of murder. He was judged only for white jurors, and they wrongly accused Pete for been Mexican. Hernandez thought that it was unfair because it was not a jury of his peers. Therefore, he argued that if people who do not like Mexicans judged him, and then clearly they would say he was guilty. This case went to the Supreme Court and Mexicans and other minorities were finally allowed to be part of the jury. This court case helped establish Mexicans as a separate ethnicity from whites and blacks.
Latinos have struggled to discover their place inside of a white America for too many years. Past stereotypes and across racism they have fought to belong. Still America is unwilling to open her arms to them. Instead she demands assimilation. With her pot full of stew she asks, "What flavor will you add to this brew?" Some question, some rebel, and others climb in. I argue that it is not the Latino who willingly agreed to partake in this stew. It is America who forced her ideals upon them through mass media and stale history. However her effort has failed, for they have refused to melt.
As long as civilizations have been around, there has always been a group of oppressed people; today the crucial problem facing America happens to be the discrimination and oppression of Mexican immigrants. “Mexican Americans constitute the oldest Hispanic-origin population in the United States.”(57 Falcon) Today the population of Mexican’s in the United States is said to be about 10.9%, that’s about 34 million people according to the US Census Bureau in 2012. With this many people in the United States being of Mexican descent or origin, one would think that discrimination wouldn’t be a problem, however though the issue of Mexican immigrant oppression and discrimination has never been a more prevalent problem in the United States before now. As the need for resolve grows stronger with each movement and march, the examination of why these people are being discriminated against and oppressed becomes more crucial and important. Oppression and Anti-discrimination organizations such as the Freedom Socialist Organization believe that the problem of discrimination began when America conquered Mexican l...
Living in a heavily populated town of Hispanics and slightly racists parents, I would never hear the end of how I have to stay careful when being outside or who to stay away from. My parents, as some other Americans, continue to discriminate against Hispanics by claiming they still hold a pachuco identity. Although now, instead of just attacking the Mexican community they go after anyone who’s from Latin America. Instead of being a melting pot of cultures, people turn on immigrants and claim that they’re taking all the jobs from America. People who are born in this country, yet embrace their culture and look their ethnicity still face discrimination
Sergeant Candelario Garcia of the United States Army once said, “If I am good enough to fight your war for you, I’m good enough for you to serve a cup of coffee to” (Delgado 82). Sergeant Garcia, having fought in the Vietnam War, was not served at a diner in Texas because of his Mexican heritage. The racism Sergeant Candelario dealt with is only one example of a much larger issue. Much like every group of immigrants to enter the United States, Latinos entering the U.S. have faced, and are arguably continuing to face, racism. Such consistent inequality and disregard for Mexican-American lives led to a resistance by the Mexican-American population, and eventually, created the Chicano civil rights movement. This analysis examines the prominence
For Gus Garcia however, it was not whether Pete Hernandez shot Joe Espinosa but that fact that he would receive a fair trial because his fate depended on and all white jury. Gus Garcia takes Hernandez case as an opportunity to prove the discrimination towards Mexican Americans, Garcia disputed over the fact that Hernandez himself was not given the right of having a jury of his peers mentioning that prohibiting Mexican American jurors and those of higher authority were not fair. The real issue was that if Mexican Americans were ale to serve on juries with whites it would have discontinued the caste system of Mexican Americans being seen as second-class citizens proving that were capable of doing the same as
When faced with injustice people make many different choices. These can accelerate or lessen injustice. Some choices people chose to make when confronted with injustice are to act out violently, speak against the injustice, or to join the injustice. In the sources, “A Class Divided”, “A Short History of Justin Dart, Jr., Father of the ADA”, and, “Antisemitism”, the choices that were made by people faced with injustice were shown to impact injustice in a positive or negative way.
Latinos face a lot of discrimination when they come to the united stated or they try to assimilate to the American culture. Most immigrants have to deal with the police investigating them because they think they are all drug dealers or are in some type of illegal organization. They also have to deal with people calling them names because of their skin color. Americans also accuse Hispanics of stealing their jobs (Ramos, 53). They also face seeing racist graffiti on homes or wall of a building and they have to face hate crimes (Plunkett, 15). They sometimes get excluded from white communities (Plunkett, 39). Latinos are also blamed for serious problems the country faces (Ramos, 195). There are reasons for Americans to discriminate Latinos and reasons why they shouldn’t discriminate them.