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The application of logic in our daily life
The principles of logic
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Logic is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning. When we reason about any matter, we produce arguments to support our conclusions. Logic studies if the conclusion follows from the premises used or assumed, and if the premises provide good enough reason for accepting the conclusions drawn. Using the methods and techniques of logic—one can distinguish reliably between sound and faulty reasoning.
In reasoning we construct and evaluate arguments; arguments are built with propositions. A preposition is a declarative statement; that asserts something is the case or that something is not. Therefore, every proposition is either true or false. With propositions as building blocks, we construct arguments.
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Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is narrower in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. Even though a particular study may look like it's purely deductive (e.g., an experiment designed to test the hypothesized effects of some treatment on some outcome), most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project.
Francis Bacon was 16th Century logician, who discovered and popularized the scientific method, whereby the laws of science are discovered by gathering and analyzing data from experiments and observations, rather than relying upon intuition. The Baconian method marked the beginning of the end for the 2,000-year-old natural philosophy of Aristotle, unleashing a wave of new scientific discoveries, particularly in the hands of devotees such as Robert Boyle.
Bacon believed it was time to move beyond the ancient philosophies which had come from Mediterranean countries, and with fresh minds and new methods set out on an up-to-date exploration of the laws of Nature. Bacon’s objective was to replace Aristotle and Plato’s works, which were based on logical and philosophical arguments, with a new body of scientific knowledge secured by experiments and
“Excuse me, miss, can I see your license and registration, please?” Great. Pulled over once again, except this time I don’t even know what I did wrong. Apparently I made an unsafe lane change that resulted in an improper U-turn. I tried asking the officer what I did wrong, but as soon as I began speaking, he started talking over me. “Are you even from around here?” he asked me. “You look like you should’ve never even gotten your license.”
Deductive reasoning is a logical way to increase the set of facts that are assumed to be true. The purpose of Deductive reasoning is to end up at a logical conclusion based on the subject of discussion. Deductive Reasoning uses statements that are logically true in order to omit other statements that contradict the logically true statement, which is to deduce, subtract or takeaway. What
Francis Bacon ~ used the scientific method to conduct experiments, he is known as a father of modern science for this.
Esterberg’s discussion of the connection between theory and data says that in order to carry out qualitative research you need to use inductive reason. Deductive reasoning is the opposite approach inductive reasoning which correlates with quantitative research. When looking at deductive research you begin with creating a theory that you want to test by creating a hypothesis and picking a sample to study. Looking at inductive reasoning you begin with analyzing the world around you and strategize different characteristics to form a theory. To me theory means reasoning’s to test something to find answers. I believe it helps us understand the world around us better but making correlations between two different things.
The dictionary term and understanding for the word ‘logic’ is “of sound thinking and proof by reasoning” (Merriam-Webster, 2009). Logic is the examination of the methods and doctrine used to determine ‘correct’ from ‘incorrect’ and is used in the structure of an argument. Allied to critical thinking, logic has a place and holds a relationship that reflects the thought process yet; critical thinking has a more diverse standard of questioning relative to developing both intellectual and emotional queries that can better evaluate reason.
...nown, trained minds will build toward universal knowing, that is that the end of the work. In spite of his scientific approach, Bacon in no way discounted the religious content within the world. Knowledge may arise from inspiration. This was Bacon’s perception on the human mind.
Around the 1620s, Francis Bacon is said to have created the theory of Inductivism. According to this theory, a researcher will form a hypotheses upon making certain observations of the patterns in the environment.
With the Scientific Revolution in full swing, Sir Isaac Newton became very interested in advanced science and philosophy. In fact, he...
The scientific method is the analyzation of evidence, to examine a case from every angle possible, to not give up on an investigation until all of the angles are covered and to not allow personal emotions create a bias in their mind (Osterburg 2010). A scientific method example would be when an investigator arrives to a crime scene, they would first search the area for clues and see if something doesn’t seem right. Next they would have to search for different forms of evidence, most important would be trace evidence because it can provide DNA evidence which can also link a suspect to the crime. There are many more ways evidence and other clues can be harvested from a crime scene but it is up to the investigator to use their knowledge and help find the person responsible for the crime
Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier built the framework for modern chemistry during the enlightenment. Edward Jenner built a vaccine against smallpox, a deadly disease. These sort of scientific successes prompted European thinkers to use reason to find laws to govern the physical world, which they called natural laws. Natural laws are laws that govern human nature.
on the ability of the thinker to be able to successfully think logically. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, logic is defined as "the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference." Therefore, being able to think logically would assist in one's critical thinking abilities. Logic is not tainted by human emotion, and is therefore can be considered a reliable tool to accompany the critical thinking process.
Wolf, Abraham. History of Science, Technology, and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. New York: MacMillan Press, 1968. Web. 5 June 2012.
The logic used to explain miracles of everyday life, thinking logically helps man to question the functioning of everything around us, the logic used to argue and is somehow a thought an idea that influences us for an action we do in our daily lives.
3. Gaukroger, Stephen. Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early Modern Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001. Print.
Inductive reasoning is logical reasoning where people have a lot of the information and use that to reach a conclusion. It is viewing the available data and figuring out what will be the results. For instance, from an online article, it demonstrates, “Inductive reasoning is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion” (Rouse, 2013). It shows that there are a lot of ideas to analyze and calculate what the possible outcomes will be. It can also be done by looking at patterns. When looking at patterns, it is important to study it to see what is recurring. This makes it possible to predict what will happen based on the knowledge that has been collected. Inductive reasoning is using information or events that have happened in the past to see what is in store for the future.