Concrete is composite consisting cement, aggregates, water and mixtures. It is a material that can be cast into different shapes such as hollow block, pipes or drainage and many more. It is durable and the most attractive construction material in terms of compressive strength. Also, its increasing use is fundamental for sustainable construction. Concrete pipes are industry products and it is designed for users’ applications including drainage, sewage, water supply irrigation etc. Philippines is one of the countries that always experiencing stormy weather especially with the start of the month of May and because of that we also experiencing difficulties in having a flash flood that affects our daily lives and sometimes can cause health problems if these floods stuck in one place[21]. To prevent this problem, the government gives importance for reconstructing canals, road, drainage etc. with the use of proper sizes of concrete pipes that can help to easily control the flow of the …show more content…
Creating of concrete pipes has a group containing four (4) workers in one machine. The researchers focused on making reinforced concrete pipes. The companies throughout the world are trying to improve their profit without increasing their sale price of their products. This can only be done by minimizing the losses during production. Every company has their flaws, imperfections and problems, due to this fact, company needs to apply various and continuous study for improvements and solutions to problems. The researchers studied all the information they gathered and found out some problems that affects the productiveness of the operation. The researchers focused on the problem that they think plays a major role in the unproductiveness of the
One set up operator can get hold of one place at a time and during waiting time, other lose the considerable amount of production. Subsequently, they framed a goal inclined to set up the sequence of work to get the maximum output by utilizing the capacity of the plant. The third step takes into consideration the installation of planning boards. These boards, lists the standard methods for each procedure, work sequence to reflect the order in which the process runs, and standard cycle time to complete a process. Moreover, these boards not only provides the information about the workers in the process but also identify the areas of improvements of the process. Moreover, works as the chief statistics for workers since it helps them to have a better and clear understanding of the process for a flawless vision of the further scope of improvements. On the contrary in another part of the same plant, they found a number of machines seeking attention at the same time. Automation is not always automatic. It requires humanized automation (Jidoka). The machines read the signal of attention by Andon light and need an operator to check the workflow consisting of a warning by each machine. Irrespective of the machine operating
X-Opoly rapidly became a popular board game even though it replicated Monopoly’s concept. The owners had not expected the sales to increase so quickly. Therefore, X-Opoly’s assembly line was not properly set up to finish production of projects. Although, X-Opoly had become a success, they faced various problems. Employees are required to use their personal computers to complete company work, which limits access of designs throughout the company. This makes it difficult to transfer designs from one department to another. Also, the segregation of duties between departments is hectic, primarily in the printing and cutting departments. With the sudden increase in sales, X-Opoly appeared to be short staffed. This has hindered them from completing projects in a timely manner. The assembly line has too many procedures that are not labor efficient. Therefore, the owners must make so changes to improve and maintain the success of the company.
The Pantheon was a Roman concrete structure. Roman concrete is a mixture of lime and volcanic ash (pozzolana, found near modern-day town Pozzouli). Roman concrete is also called hydraulic cement-based concrete. It is known for curing relatively rapidly, even in damp condition, thus it could be used for massive construction. The most daring thing about the use of Roman concrete in the Pantheon is that Portland cement needs steel reinforcement due to tendency of cracking caused by tension forces, meanwhile the Pantheon did not. The Pantheon still stands today is because of its special structure.
At first the Romans did not realize the superior ability of concrete. They began by using it as a fill. They would also cover up the concrete with decorated stones. The concrete they used did not look pleasing because they had mixed it with any arrogate they had available. Later, once they discovered how useful concrete could be, they used it for everything they could. They built their houses, roads government offices, theaters, temples, and everything else they could out of concrete. Concrete was far superior in strength to stone and mortar, and it was easier to make than marble was to quarry and assemble.
With a continuous barrage of questions from his teacher, Alex and his team learn how to define measurements so that they better reflect the money making goal of a manufacturing organization. Proceeding systematically, they discover the facts which point to how the bottleneck machine in their plant, or in any plant for that matter, determines the throughput and that the capacity of the entire plant is actually equal to the capacity of the bottleneck. They then devise a system whereby the bottleneck (a machine called NCX-10, in this case ) is kept busy for the maximum amount of time possible – this they do by first ensuring that the NCX-10 is kept running even during lunch breaks and later on by ensuring an adequate buffer in front of the bottleneck so that it would not be idle for want of parts. In the meantime they also save time on another suspected bottleneck, the heat treatment, by relocating ...
Most people may not realise but concrete plays a vital part in our lives daily. It shapes and creates the built environment in which we are surrounded by, such as schools, bridges, roads, housing, hospitals, dams and so much mores. Concrete is the most used man made material in the world, averaging around 3 tonnes annually for each person. In comparison with other building materials such as wood, steel, plastic and aluminium, over twice as much concrete is used globally than any of these materials. It is the material choice of most purposes due to its strength, durability, thermal mass and its cost.
The dam could not be poured in a single pour due to its size, so the engineers had to think of a different method. They decided to pour the concrete in five foot high forms of varying widths, which were stacked together. Each form had multiple 1 inch steel pipes in it, totaling to 582 miles of pipe. These pipes had cool water pumped through them to speed up the curing process. The base of the dam alone needed 230 individual blocks of concrete. The blocks were stacked with alternating schemes to add to the strength. Once the block of concrete was poured and cured, the pipes were filled with grout to add extra support. Grout was also poured in between the blocks of concrete.
To reach their time and quality goals during production, IAC relies on the hope that each worker is fulfilling their duty in order to maintain the smooth flow of material throughout the factory. Unfortunately, some of the workers were not able to be present on the line everyday, and if they weren’t present the factory managers would recruit untrained workers to simply maintain production. This caused unanticipated issues, because although production was still being carried out, it wasn’t being carried out with the highest quality. New and inexperienced workers were loosely assembling the parts of the headliner which was causing major issues when it came time to place the headliner inside the vehicle. The new workers that served as substitutes on the production line were not concerned with quality as much as they were concerned for meeting their daily production goal so they could get paid and go home. This lack of worker dedication to quality slowed down production because ...
Concrete is a composite material used widely in the construction industry. Concrete is basically a mixture of cement, water, aggregates and admixture (sometimes). Cement is a fine gray powder that consists of oxidizes calcium, silicon and aluminum. The aggregate used is normally gravel, crushed stone or sand. Admixture is a solid or liquid substance that gives a certain characteristics of the concrete. The cement reacts with water chemically and binds the aggregates together through a process called hydration during hardening or curing of concrete. It means that water helps in the hardening of the concrete while the cement bind the aggregate and also react with water to form a solid mass.
designed a structure to adjust with the market, slowly, the impact on the workers would not
Concrete is Artificial Stone obtained by mixing cement, sand and aggregates with water. Fresh concrete can be molded into almost any shape which is an inherent advantage over other materials.
Rubber dam is a kind of hydraulic structure made of a rubber bag which can be inflated with suitable fluid to suitable size to retain water and can be used for hydraulic management. To be strict, it is a high strength fabric with rubber anchored to the concrete basement which forms a balloon like bag to stopover the flow of water. The purposes of Rubber Dam are to control the streams, flood control, irrigation, water supply, tidal barrier, environment improvement, retain water for agricultural and industrial uses. Inflatable Rubber Dams are being successfully used in many parts of the world and more and more are being installed every year. Nearly 2000 Rubber Dams are planted and are operational till date across the globe. In Bangladesh xx Rubber Dams have been installed. Rubber Dam is becoming more and more important in recent days for its advantages, low construction cost and less impact to the environment. Still construction of inflatable rubber dam in large scale is ambitious although many useful and effective modifications have been made in recent days for successful application. The construction method and design of the Rubber Dam still follows the original design of a single Rubber Bag Component and it is suggested that Inflatable Rubber Dam should have spans less than 100 meters.. In this paper it has been discussed about solutions of the design problems arising in large scale Rubber Dam construction. The objective is to find an efficient and safe design for Inflatable Rubber Dam for small and big projects while keeping it as cost effective as possible.
Opus caementicium or Roman concrete is a synthetic construction substance that’s composed of an aggregate, a binding agent, and water. In Rome’s case, as discovered by UC Berkley with the extensive analysis of a sample of Roman concrete taken from a breakwater in Italy’s Pozzuoli Bay it was developed by using lime and volcanic rock which formed a mortar, the mortar and volcanic rock were then packed into wooden forms and when seawater was added a chemical reaction occurred, bonding everything together to create concrete (History, 2013). It is uncertain when Roman concrete was developed, but it was clearly in widespread and customary use from about 150 BC; some scholars believe it was developed a century before that.
Sustainable concrete materials and sustainable steel reinforcement have been introduced to civil engineers to get closer to the sustainable development. Sustainable buildings constructed with use of these materials have shown an increased service life and the final cost has been reduced due to them.
In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology, Beijing, China, 20-21 May 2004. Edited by Kejin Wang. Ames, IA: Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University