On October 14, 2004, a Pinnacle Airlines CRJ-200 was on a repositioning flight, between Little Rock National Airport and Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. Both engines flamed out after a pilot-induced aerodynamic stall, crashing in a residential area south of Jefferson City, Missouri. The National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) investigation revealed the pilots intentionally deviated from routine flight operating procedures. The NTSB identified the air carrier as the responsible party to enforce crew cockpit discipline and standard operating procedures. The NTSB offered a Safety Management System (SMS) as a means to help air carriers meet this safety standard. The NTSB formally recommended the FAA ‘‘require all 14 CFR part 121 operators establish SMS programs’’ (O'Donnell, 2010).
Initially the NTSB had not formally recommended the FAA require the same SMS mandate for certificated airports. However, the FAA had determined the same organizational factors apply to all regulated sectors of the aviation industry. Airports operate in similar environments as air carriers and business flight operators where adhering to standard operating procedures, proactively identifying, mitigating hazards and risks, and effective communications crucial to operational safety. The FAA envisioned an SMS would provide an airport with an added layer of safety to help reduce the number of near-misses, incidents, and accidents. An SMS also would ensure that all levels of airport management understand the safety implications of airfield operations (O'Donnell, 2010).
An SMS is a formalized approach to manage organizational safety by developing a policy based on formal methods of identifying hazards, analyzing and mitigating risk, devel...
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... text to reality. Jane's Airport Review, 24(8), 22-24.
Lu, C.-t., Schreckengast, S. W., & Jia, J. (2011). Safety risk management, assurance, and promotion: A hazard management system for budget-constrained airports. Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering, 1(1), 2-10. doi:10.5703/1288284314630
O'Donnell, M. J. (2010). Safety management systems for certificated airports. Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards. Washington DC: Federal Register.
Oswald, C. (2011, July 5). Comments, proposed rule regarding safety management systems for certificated airports, docket no. FAA-2010-0997. Retrieved from Airports Council International - North America: http://www.aci-na.org/static/files/ACINACommentsDocketFAA20100997.pdf
Thompson-Duarte, S. (2014, February 20). Operations Manager, Sacramento International Airport. (D. Duarte, Interviewer)
When it comes to safety most people think they are safe, and they have a true understanding on how to work safe. Human nature prevents us from harming ourselves. Our instincts help protect us from harm. Yet everyday there are injuries and deaths across the world due to being unsafe. What causes people to work unsafe is one of the main challenges that face all Safety Managers across the world.
Seaney, Column By Rick, and Ceo Of Farecompare. "Post 9/11 Flight Security: When Increased Safety Isn't More Effective." ABC News. ABC News Network, 09 Sept. 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
After World War II there was an excess of aircraft and trained pilots in the United States, which significantly increase in private and commercial flights. An increase in the use of private aircraft and large passenger planes meant an increase in the possibly of aircraft safety incidents. Even though safety measures had been put in place to tend to large number of aircraft in the skies, in late 1950’s there were two unfortunate accidents that finally led to legislation that would be a major change to the world of aviation that affects us even today. The introduction of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 spurred several changes in aviation that eventually led to the creation of the Federal Aviation Administration.
...ial approaches which are Normal Accident and HROs, although it seems certain that both of them tends to limit the progression that can contribute toward achieving to highly protective systems. This is because the scope of the problems is too narrow and the potential of the solutions is too limited as well. Hence, Laporte and Consolini et.al., (1991) as cited in Marais, et.al., (2004) conclude that the most interesting feature of the high reliability organization is to prioritize both performance and security by the managerial oversight. In addition, the goal agreement must be an official announcement. In essence, it is recommended that there is a continuing need in the high risk organizations for more awareness of developing security system and high reliability environment in order to gain highly successful method to lower risk in an advance technology system.
Government-operated system of administering airport security, versus privately owned and operated, contracted airport security organizations have proved to be less efficient and effective for airports, passengers, and airline companies in the aviation industry. Factors such as the September 11th terrorist attacks have resulted in the creation of the Transportation Security Administration as it is been established by the government to control all airport security. A look into how San Francisco International Airport’s ability to remain secure while utilizing a private security company under contract with the federal government has shown to be efficient, cost-worthy, and effective for many airports. Returning to privately operated airport security throughout the country while regulated by the Transportation Security Administration shows great possibilities for all airports that want to follow suit.
The FAA began to meet the emerging and existing threats to the airline industry with new regulations, procedures, and security strategies developed to protect crews passengers, and airport from hijacking and terrorist violence. The FAA implemented a number of new security measures to address terrorist threats. They began to advise airlines on security risks and intelligence information. This puts in place more vigorous screening procedures for computers, radios, and other electronic equipment; and it required that only bag accompanied by a passenger can be allowed on board (“Introduction to US Airport
Safety in the ethics and industry of aerospace technology is of prime importance for preventing tragic malfunctions and crashes. Opposed to automobiles for example, if an airplane breaks down while in mid-flight, it has nowhere to go but down. And sadly it will often go down “hard” and with a high probability of killing people. The Engineering Code of Ethics states first and foremost that, “Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.” In the aerospace industry, this as well holds very true, both in manufacturing and in air safety itself. Airline safety has recently become a much-debated topic, although arguments over air safety and travel have been going ...
Jaspal, S. (2012, March 14). Risk Management Failures in Kingfisher Airlines. In Risk Board. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from
There is a lot of complexity in understanding risk management and its correlation to homeland security. Risk management is a way to approach the fact that securing the homeland is not certain and there are unknown variables in every aspect of life; risk management is a way to narrow down the focus based on quantifiable information determining probability against capability. Risk management plays and integral role in homeland security. Risk management is employed using a formula described in the NIPP for establishing a narrow scope to make the best decision about protecting infrastructure. The risk management formula lays down the foundation to make the most reasonable determination based on the potential consequences, vulnerability, and
“Federal Aviation Administration.” Federal Profiles for Students. Ed. Keele S. Sisung. Detroit: Gale Group 1999. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 14 January. 2014.
Risk management is a process used in all industries to reduce the risk. The Risk management tool usage changes from sector to sector and hence each sector has developed their own risk management tools and methodologies to mitigate the risk. But the concept remains the same behind all the tools (Ropel, 2011). The main steps for risk management irrespective of the sector are:
Through the years, as aircraft have become more complex, and numerous threats to aviation safety have been identified, a culture of unwavering professionalism and safety consciousness have become engrained into the ethical framework of aviation organizations. Since the initial establishment aviation operational and safety standards, multiple civilian and military aviation organizations have continuously contributed efforts towards looking for new and innovative ways to raise the bar on efficiency of flight operations and aviation safety through CRM. CRM is a vital tool to improving safety in aviation organizations and i...
Finally to conclude this report, the safety management system in an organization is very important as this forms the basic framework on how the organization works, maintaining safety. The four pillars (main objectives of SMA) are that ones that lead the organization in that direction. From the accident, the four pillars application will benefit the organization but however if the SMS has been a part of the organization even before, accidents as such would not have occurred in the first place.
Aviation security plays a vital role in the aviation industry, from protecting passengers, staff and aircraft. The aviation industry, more specifically airports and aircraft, make prime targets for malicious harm, crime, and other threats because of the vast amount of people that use air transportation. Although there are many risks that are posed to the aviation industry, we can only hope to have learned from the history of airport bombings, hijackings, and sabotage terrorist attacks. The aviation industry faces threats at each step of the journey, but assessing the risks properly will help deter and mitigate these threats. Conducting risk analysis in today’s aviation security is not only important to the aviation industry, but it is important
Thus from this definition it is deduced that a plan must be comprised of a planned, documented and verifiable method of managing hazards and associated risks (Bryan, 1999; Bakri et al., 2006). This includes the organization structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organization’s OSH policy (Biggs et al., 2005; Gaßner et al., 2003; Bakri et al., 2006). An OSHMP illustrates an organisation’s dedication to health and safety in the workplace by providing a clearly written statement of intent and plan of action for the prevention of accidents and occupational illness and injury (Gaßner et al.,