Imperial Reform in Britian from 1815 to 1870

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Imperial Reform in Britian from 1815 to 1870 The period 1815 to 1870 was characterized by radical change in the character of the British Empire, to the extent that, by the end of the period, the empire consisted of two distinct parts: one made up of ‘dependent’ colonies, experiencing direct formal rule; and the other made up of self-governing ‘settlement’ colonies. This development occurred as a result of a series of social, political and economic reforms. In order to judge whether economic factors dominated imperial reform during this period, an assessment of the causes and nature of reforms is necessary. However, while imperial reform was multicausal, great weight can be given to the argument that underlying economic factors which stimulated initial social reform and change, which in turn propagated political reform. One of the earliest reforms was the dismantling of the slave system, initiated by Britain in 1807 through the end to British involvement in the transatlantic slave trade, and again in 1834 through the abolition of colonial slavery. The abolition can be seen as a result of a combination of economic, social and political factors. The economic decline of the British Caribbean and other regions, due to foreign competition, may have rendered the slave system unsustainable, contributing to the need for abolition. However, a more dominant reason for the abolition can be found in the work of anti-slavery pressure groups which pushed for governmental reform. Moreover, this was assisted by 19th century industrialisation and urbanisation which caused the emergence of an alternative middle-class mindset that viewed slavery as... ... middle of paper ... ... powers. Owing to her superior position in industry and trade, Britain tended to benefit from the introduction of free trade and end of protectionism. Thus, these reforms were stimulated chiefly by economic advantages. Therefore, all forms of imperial reform in the 19th century were influenced by economic factors to an extent. Underlying economic factors contributed to social and political change which resulted in the abolition of slavery and the granting of self-government to settlement colonies. Moreover, economic benefits of the free trade reforms directly stimulated them. Thus, while not all of the reforms were a direct result of economic factors, underlying economic reasons influenced all the reforms to a certain extent, often producing the social and political factors which eventually stimulated reform.

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