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Conflict resolution and peacemaking
Conflict resolution and peacemaking
Conflict resolution and peacemaking
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Impact of International relations on Peace and Communal harmony in the Country 'History is filled with tragic examples of wars that result from diplomatic impasse. Whether in our local communities or in international relations, the skillful use of our communicative capacities to negotiate and resolve differences is the first evidence of human wisdom. ' -by Daisaku Ikeda International relations are established by mutual concern of all nations for economical-social development of nations with peace-full coexistence. when we say peace-full coexistence then it refers to both internal and international peace and harmony. In the era of Globalization when international relations are extremely impacting on country's internal functions, …show more content…
Interaction among the people or groups of different parts of the world kept continued in ancient, medieval period till now. But the formal establishment of international relations begins from ‘Peace of Wesphalia’ in 1648, This point of time international relations started based on sovereign states, a milestone in development of modern states. Prior to ‘Peace of Westphalia’, international relations were based on a vague hierarchy of religious order. Peace of Westphalia was done after a thirty years of bloodbath among European powers. Peace of Westphalia is known as one the best example in world history which shows the significance of international relations in establishing peace and communal harmony. After this treaty international relations became based on peaceful diplomatic procedure of resolving the issues and to establish the peace and communal harmony among and within the nations. Establishment of international organizations e.g. UNO, are the results of peaceful diplomatic procedure of international …show more content…
Diversity and pluralism are the unique features of Indian society, this is the beauty of Indian identity. But on the other hand, it is the challenge for national integration and communal harmony. Because diverse societies are more vulnerable. This vulnerability may become more intense when India has security threat from enemy states and various terrorist groups breeding on foreign land and working against India. In consideration of this challenge India’s relations to other nations and international organizations become more decisive. That is why, India does build and engage in diplomatic relations with rest of the
War termination and the decision of when to negotiate peace are rarely effectively planned before a war. The Russo-Japanese War is one of a few historical exceptions. The Russo-Japanese War provides three enduring lessons about war termination in a conflict fought for limited aims. First, the most effective war termination plans are created before the war. Second, continued military and political pressure can effectively improve your position to negotiate peace. Third, common interests and compromise are required for durable peace.
“…It seemed clear that wars were not made by generations and their special stupidities, but wars were made instead by something ignorant in the human heart.”
Holsti, K. J. Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. Print.
The basis of this paper is to review and examine specific principles and theories of cooperation and argument management as reflected by a specific story of the Middle East peace process within the named article. The article is entitled "The Wounds Of Peace," by Connie Bruck. This, of course, is one individual author's perspective, yet, nevertheless, it is the view of this author that much of the content is historically factual and accurate, with a definite sense of individual perspectives as purported by the author. To the greatest extent, this author shall attempted to meet those requirements as per the related principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management. Similarly, this will take place within the context of the Middle East peace process, guided within a specific time and place. To a large extent, this author should also like to state that his perspectives will emanate from those theories and principles which are rooted within negotiation and conflict management. Probably, no where else on this Earth (with the possible exception of Northern Ireland) are the principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management more contentious than those that exist within the Middle East
M. E. McGuinness (Eds.), Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict (pp. 293-320). New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Since its independence in 1947, political stability has been a key factor which has ensured that India is the largest democracy in the world today. In spite ...
India is the center of a very serious problem in the world today. It’s a very diverse place with people from many different religious backgrounds, who speak many different languages and come from many different regions. They are also separated economically. Two of the country’s religious sects, Muslims and Hindus, have been in conflict for hundreds of years. Their feelings of mistrust and hatred for each other are embedded in all those years and will not leave easily. What’s most disturbing is that there seems to be no plan for reconciliation available. There are numerous reasons for this conflict.
However, the structure and process of international relations, since the end of World War II, has been fundamentally impacted through an immense growth of a variety of factors at multiple levels, which leads to the liberalist theoretical perspective of global complex interdependency. The complex interdependency is constructed from the liberalist theoretical perspective emphasizing interdependence between states and substate actors as the key characteristics of the international system (Ray and Kaarbo 7), which means that cooperation can be made more te...
The international system is an anarchical system which means that, unlike the states, there is no over ruling, governing body that enforces laws and regulations that all states must abide by. The International System in today’s society has become highly influential from a number of significant factors. Some of these factors that will be discussed are Power held by the state, major Wars that have been fought out in recent history and international organisations such as the U.N, NATO and the W.T.O. Each of these factors, have a great influence over the international system and as a result, the states abilities to “freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development”.
The International Relations textbook written by Joshua S. Goldstein and Jon C. W. Pevehouse describe international relations as "The relationships among the world's state governments and the connection of those relationships with other actors (such as the United Nations, multinational corporations, ad individuals), with other social relationships (including economics, culture, and domestic politics), and with geographic and historical influences." (Goldstein and Pevehouse 2) Many international relations theorists date the contemporary system of from 1648, the year of the Treaty of Westphalia, ending the Thirty Years War. (Mingst and Arreguin-Toft Ch. 2) Three key events of the 20th century that shaped the contemporary system of International
World peace is an idea that is dreamt of by some and belittled by others. This essay breaks down the factors which make world peace unrealistic and impossible and refutes that evidence with ideas that support the possibility of world peace. It is broken down into the fact that world peace is an abstract idea, non-peaceful acts are uncontrollable and the world is already too far divided. By including historical evidence of weaponry advancements, war and failed ideas like communism, world peace is proven to be unrealistic. The essay concludes with the ideas that peace can coexist among other religions, standard living circumstances
‘A dispute is a problem to be solved, together, rather than a combat to be won.’
Origins for the cooperation amongst powers necessary to tackle international disputes can be traced back to the 19th century, however the formation of the League of Nations was eagerly prompted by the First World War. After the horrors in which the world observed, leaders merged together and rejoiced in the potential for a new international system. The League of Nations foremost objective was to secure peace through collective efforts of ‘peace-loving’ powers (Steans, Pettiford, & Diez, 2005, p. 31). President Woodrow Wilson was a lead proponent in the creation of such a body, suggesting it- within his message on the Conditions of Peace- as a means of ‘affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike’ (Wilson, 1918). The following year a detailed scheme was presented at the Versailles Peace Conference and the league was swiftly established with the addition of a permanent secretariat in Geneva. (Catterall, 1999, p. 50). The League was very much considered the ‘most daring and innovative proposal’ (Wilkinson, 2007, p. 85)
International relations is an extremely important study that focuses on relationships between countries, along with the roles of all organizations whether governmental or not. International relations has been around for thousands of years beginning as early as 3500 BC. The most significant and influential time period that has impacted international relations the most is the Cold war, which was more of a conflict between the United States of America with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Soviet Union and its allies of the Warsaw Pact than a war. It was given the name “cold” simply because there was no direct fighting between the two sides. Many people thought that America and the Soviet Union were allies during WW2, however the only thing that kept them “friendly” was that they both had a common hatred for a common enemy, Nazi Germany. Even during the war there was tension and a common distrust between the United States and the USSR. So although the United States and Soviet Union were uneasy allies, having an alliance only because they shared the common fear that the Nazis would gain total control over all of Europe, they were separated by they difference in a common ideology. Now although many historians believe that the negativity of the Cold War was solely fueled on having different ideas and beliefs, but also the way each country ran their government factored into the equation. There were major events of the Cold War that contributed to the outcome of international relations. Conflicts such as Korea and Vietnam were also emerging issues that were provoked during the Cold War. These conflicts exposed American soldiers to different styles of warfare, such as Guerilla warfare, underground warfare that also made it ...
Whenever world politics is mentioned, the state that appears to be at the apex of affairs is the United States of America, although some will argue that it isn’t. It is paramount we know that the international system is shaped by certain defining events that has lead to some significant changes, particularly those connected with different chapters of violence. Certainly, the world wars of the twentieth century and the more recent war on terror must be included as defining moments. The warning of brute force on a potentially large scale also highlights the vigorousness of the cold war period, which dominated world politics within an interval of four decades. The practice of international relations (IR) was introduced out of a need to discuss the causes of war and the different conditions for calm in the wake of the first world war, and it is relevant we know that this has remained a crucial focus ever since. However, violence is not the only factor capable of causing interruption in the international system. Economic elements also have a remarkable impact. The great depression that happened in the 1920s, and the global financial crises of the contemporary period can be used as examples. Another concurrent problem concerns the environment, with the human climate being one among different number of important concerns for the continuing future of humankind and the planet in general.