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Impact of the Atlantic slave trade
Effect of the transatlantic slave trade
Effect of the transatlantic slave trade
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Many Africans brought over during the Atlantic slave trade experienced creolization. Creolization is the mixing or blending of traditional African culture and the European culture of the white man in America. By blending these two cultures they were able to be acceptable as slaves while still preserving their own culture and identity. They brought their own style and flavor to such things as cuisine, music, and religion. Africans may have been forced to change their homes, but they never changed their hearts and held tight to their traditions and beliefs. One of the things Africans brought along with them to the New World was their dance and music. Their unique style of music utilized alternating rhythms and drumming, crossed the ocean alongside them. An aspect of their religion was possession during dancing ceremonies and rituals, but it did not make it into African American slave culture due to certain rules of the masters. African music was composed of call and response methods which still influences genres of music today like rap and hip hop. Features of this influenced later things such as the Charleston dance during the roaring twenties and the square dance. This culture from halfway around the world is still affecting how we listen to and move to music even today. …show more content…
African crops like okra, watermelon, yams, and sweet potatoes were brought over on slave trader ships and influenced recipes that slaves ate on plantations. Other crops were brought too and include black eyed peas and sorghum, a cereal crop. These crops were included in traditionally inspired dishes like gumbo and jumbalaya along with different forms of cooking including deep frying. Knowledge of how to grow rice and utilize tropical gardening methods were also West African practices that made their way to North American
This had allowed for Africa’s population to rapidly grow. The second similarity was the spread of people. In both the Americas and Africa, groups of people were moved from there originally homes to another area, usually to be forced to work manual labor until their deaths. For instance, in the Americas, many natives were forced to work in the deadly silver mines where they faced the dangers of cave-ins, limited oxygen, and mercury poisoning. Similarly, in Africa, millions upon millions of people were taken from their homelands over the course of centuries, and then forced to work as slaves in the Americas under terrible conditions. Finally, both the region of the Americas and Africa had suffered through the spread of new diseases. In the Americas, foreign diseases such as smallpox had wiped out the natives to such a point that not until the late-seventeenth century did their
Because of this, though, the globalization of a song can be seen as detractor to the value of the song 's original use or purpose as there is an essential loss of identity for the song when it is utilized for purposes that stand in contrast to the personal value that it originally possessed. This article is essential in understanding global pop music and the relationship that it has with various forms of music because of the introduction of this discussion that it poses. Feld illustrates many of the reasons behind this development and the causes as to why this phenomenon
Africanisms in America are a highly surveyed topic for the black community. Joseph E. Holloway describes Africanisms as “those elements of culture found in the New World that are traceable to an African origin” (Holloway 2). I believe, that africanisms are the traditions and cultural behaviors of African Americans that resemble the some of the same traditions and cultures in Africa. Which makes you ponder about what current elements does our culture use that ties back to Africa. Which in fact there are several africanisms that still exist. African Americans have retained an essence of Africa in their speech, hair care, clothing, preparation of foods, and music by over centuries of separation from the Dark Continent.
Brief History From the 1500s to the 1700s, African blacks, mainly from the area of West Africa (today's Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Dahomey, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon) were shipped as slaves to North America, Brazil, and the West Indies. For them, local and tribal differences, and even varying cultural backgrounds, soon melded into one common concern: the suffering they all endured. Music, songs, and dances as well as traditional food, helped not only to uplift them but also quite unintentionally added immeasurably to the culture around them. In the approximately 300 years that blacks have made their homes in North America, the West Indies, and Brazil, their highly honed art of the cuisine so treasured and carefully transmitted to their daughters has become part of the great culinary classics of these lands. But seldom are the African blacks given that recognition.
The origins of African American religious music are directly linked to the Negro spirituals of enslaved Africans. One cannot research religious music of blacks in this country without first exploring these spirituals. The spirituals were part of a religious expression that enslaved people used to transcend the narrow limits and dehumanizing effects of slavery. It was through the performance of the spirituals that the individual and the community experienced their God, a God who affirmed their humanity in ways whites did not and a God who could set them free both spiritually and physically. These “sacred songs” were also used as secret communication. That is not to say that all spirituals functioned as coded protest songs or as some sort of secret language. The structure of the spirituals and the way in which they were created and performed allowed for flexibility in their function and meaning.
African-American culture was spread through several artistic forms and mediums through the decades that the Harlem Renaissance took place in. One of the biggest and arguably the most important forms that Black culture was spread in was the form of music. During this era, music was an indispensable form of artistic expression that conveyed the thought and feeling of the Black people occupying Harlem and the surrounding areas. Music was an important art form at the time as “No aspect of the Harlem Renaissance shaped America and the entire world as much as jazz. Jazz flouted many musical conventions with its syncopated rhythms and improvised instrumental solos.
African music concentrated a lot on rhythm while Western European liked to hear harmonic sounds. The dissonant sounds and polyrhythms of African music was not understood by the Europeans, but jazz musicians took a great liking to it. The reason for this was because Europeans used music for listening enjoyment. In Africa, music was very functional. It was the only form of communication between tribes and a universal language of percussive instruments. The music was used to announce special events such as birth, death, marriage, and the reaching of puberty. Everybody got musically trained very young and when Africans were brought to America as slaves, they brought the music. Some of the most noticeable influences of this African music is seen in work songs, spirituals and field hollers of slaves. When slaves became free, and chose to leave their plantation, there was no work for them. Many became street musicians and sang what is known today as the Blues. European musicians were playing a march style of music known as Rag. The rise in jazz happened when the two styles of music started combining.
Although White and Black Americans were very clearly segregated and European culture was oppressing the spread of African ideals, it is surprising to witness how neither culture assimilated into one another, as there were several conditions that allow this phenomenon to happen. Firstly, it was undeniable that a huge part of Europe’s economy relied on the production from the slaves to provide the necessary primary goods. Therefore a huge number of slaves were sent to American to meet this demand for labor. The African heritage was constantly refreshed in the peoples mind from the continuous waves of Africans capture and sent to America. Secondly, the multi-tribal composition the African-Americans turned American into a huge cultural furnace as the different traditions meet and interact closely. With limited historical/political/social constrain due to their enslaved status, African-Americans became very adaptive to their constantly changing environment. Thirdly, the introduction of Christianity established a pathway for the slaves to learn English which was forbidden by law as they got in touch with hymn singing. As African traditions heavily revolves around music, hymn singing was then merged with features of African music. These conditions “gives witness to a form out of which slaves sang the blues before there was a blues; where it has ceased, other forms have encased the function formerly served by lining out.” (Dargan 9) Its potential of unceasing adaptation resisted and endured the dominance of European culture, which prevented cultural assimilation where black slaves would be completely removed from their African
Besides the slave music and the blues music, there is also another kind of music that make a lot effect to African American music.
Enslaved Africans have always brought music, dancing, and singing to the plantation life. It has always been apart of African-American culture to resemble theatre with traditions. Theatre traditions are a great way to be able to express yourself and given the history of African-Americans they always loved the rituals of music, dancing, and singing. It was a great way to be able to keep their mind off dealing with slavery and the lack of rights they were given within America at that time. In 1820 William B...
Music played a very important role in the lives of people is diaspora communities. It served as a reminder for the immigrants of their homeland, which allowed them to proudly express their national and cultural identities. Diaspora refers to an international network of communities linked together by the identification of a common ancestral homeland and culture. People in these communities are no longer living in their homelands, with no guarantee of a return either. (Bakan, 19). Music played a large role in African diaspora communities. This was first started by the slave trades many years ago when slave traders traveled to the coast of West Africa to capture Africans and brought them back to the United States to be slaves on plantations. Slaves were more prone to loose a sense of their own culture because every new aspect of their lives was forced upon them, therefore they were undoubtedly forced to abandon their n...
Dance was also a big part in the music of West Africa. Dance was performed at ceremonies surrounding fertility, death, worship, adulthood, and other kind of certain concerns of the village.
To list a few, the Latin American music culture includes Mexico, Costa Rica, Columbia, Brazil, and many others further south. However, the geographic area of the Latin American culture extends far past North and South America as there are influences from Africa and Europe (Thomas, 2011). These influences come following many historical events, such as Slavery in the eighteenth-century, the colonization from Britain. As a result of Latin-America having such a vast geographical footprint, the music culture is very diverse. Having multiple different cultures mixed into one, enculturation is bound to happen.
Africans did not willingly come to the United States, but in the slave ships which brought them, they brought food not indigenous to America, grew it, and assimilated it into everyday foods of the people that owned them. Today most Americans take this food for granted, without knowing its origin. The transatlantic slave trade brought rice, okra, black-eyed peas, and kidney and lima beans to the shores of America very early in its history. Also sorghum, millet, watermelon, yams and sesame; found their way into America and became part of the ingredients found in the early cook books written by Americans in the Deep South. To better understand the foods which arrived from Africa, knowing the slaves and slave traders that brought them is important. “It is believed that the first African slaves were imported to the New World at the beginning of the 17th century and that the first slaves came from Senegambia and the Windward Coast. Senegambia was a loosely defined region of West Africa that comprises the present-day nations of Senegal and The Gambia. Windward Coast is roughly the current country of Ivory
The influence that music has throughout the world is immeasurable. Music evokes many feelings, surfaces old memories, and creates new ones all while satisfying a sense of human emotion. With the ability to help identify a culture, as well as educate countries about other cultures, music also provides for a sense of knowledge. Music can be a tool for many things: relaxation, stimulation and communication. But at the same time it can also be a tool for resistance: against parents, against police against power. Within the reign of imported culture, cross cultivation and the creation of the so-called global village lies the need to expand horizons to engulf more than just what you see everyday. It is important to note that the role of music in today’s world is a key tool in the process of globalization. However, this does not necessarily provide us with any reasons that would make us believe that music has a homogenizing affect on the world.