Illegal Immigrants in Lebanon

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Although Lebanon does not consider itself to be a receiving country, it has been a destination or transit state for illegal immigrants from all around the world. The country hosts today around 1,5 million refugees, including 1 million Syrians, 400,000 Palestinians, 50,000 Iraqis, and other nationalities (Tabar, 2010; “UNCHR-Lebanon”, 2013). Lebanon fulfills most of the factors cited by Gordon Hanson to qualify a country as a successful destination for illegal migrants. These factors includes geographic vicinity to home country, relatively open border, ease to hide and work in, and high probability of legalization (Hanson, 2007). In fact, the country is bordered to the north and the east by Syria, from where most of the illegal immigrants come. In addition, the inclusion of Cyprus in the European Union (EU) in 2004 made the travel for clandestine to Europe easier using Lebanon as a bridge. Moreover, Lebanon borders with Syria has never been and still not strictly controlled by the Lebanese authority. In addition, illegal immigrants can easily find jobs in the country because employers prefer these low salaries, non-insurant workers on Lebanese ones.
This situation of illegal immigration has led to negative impacts on Lebanon. First, it gives bad reputation to the country when it serves as a bridge to EU. Second, the immigration drives down wages and conditions to the detriment of Lebanese workers. Third, many illegal immigrants are involved in activities prohibited by Lebanese law such as arms, drugs traffic, car lifting and others. Finally, these clandestine do not pay income taxes but do often use public schools, hospitals, and other government services.
Indeed, in the last ten years, illegal immigration became a source of m...

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...lem facing Lebanon, and many different solutions exist to solve it. Securing the borders with Syria is one of the solutions proposed. It is a long and necessary process includes establishing a formal boundary separating the two states, building a wall, and improving the capabilities of border agents. Another solution to deal with illegal migrants issue is to revise the legal framework of migration. This is requires from the Lebanese Government improving the situation of refugees by acknowledging their status according to International law, and enacting laws that discourage employers from hiring illegal immigrants. Finally, Lebanon should also rely on partners having more experience and more assets in dealing with illegal migration issues. The EU is obviously the most reliable one. Moreover, bilateral agreements should not be neglected and can solve many problems.

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