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An essay on allergy and hypersensitivity reactions
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An example of an idiosyncratic response that can be found in the article “Idiosyncratic Adverse Drug Reactions: Current Concepts” is skin rashes. Skin rashes are one of the most common forms of IDR. These types of IDR can be easily distinguished because it affects the exterior of your body, while other IDR is not so easily distinguished and can affect a person's organs like the liver. A more specific type of IDR that affects the skin is called Maculopapular and is responsible for nearly “ninety percent of drug-induced skin reactions.” (Hunziker et al., 1997) Some major causes of this type of IDR include allergies, bacterial or viral infection, and drug reaction. These rashes usually tend to begin to manifest around 7-14 days prior to having
Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(1):124–125. Puchenkova, S. G. (1996). "
Interregnum, painted by the Chinese artist Hung Liu, is a massive oil painting created circa 2002. With the intentional application of several principles and elements of art in her work, Liu effectively depicts her late Asian culture’s traditional aspects while also exposing the harsh reality of China’s Communist society. Hung Liu incorporates a variety of styles into Interregnum while also utilizing color and line to visually communicate the subject matter to the viewer. In a formal interpretation of this work, the overarching theme of Interregnum will be explored and described, focusing on the particular values sought out by the artist Hung Liu.
Cu (aq) + 2NO3 (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2NO3(aq)
to the upper body and arms. These symptoms occur after four weeks and start by
Investigationg of Chemical and Physical Changes Why I am conducting this experiment? In order to learn how to recognize chemical and physical changes, I have to carry out this experiment to see different chemical and physical changes of different substance. How can we recognize physical changes and chemical changes? -----------------------------------------------------------
This condition occurs when the immune system produce abnormal response against substances that are normally present in the body. The immune system becomes incapable in differentiating healthy body tissues and antigens, which results in the destruction of normal body tissues. This is usually characterized by hypersensitivity reaction almost identical to the response in allergic conditions. The cause of the autoimmune disorders are still unknown, however, there is a theory stating that some microorganisms or drugs may have trigger these changes. These can also affect one or multiple organs or tissues. Some of the most commonly affected are blood vessels, joints, muscles, red blood cells, skin, and connective tissues.
Ms. Rouse became acutely aware of the rash and never recalled having a rash such as this before. She claimed not to have any allergic reactions that she is aware of to any pesticides, dust, mold, or liquids.
Adverse drug reactions especially in the liver usually occurs in the 2 months of starting treatment but it can occur at any time during treatment period. Also, it is difficult to differentiate drug induced hepatitis from viral hepatitis particularly if a patient is co-infected with Hepatitis B or C.4.6
This leads to the inflammation and potential damaging of the kidneys and eventual kidney disease unless treated. HSP causes an extreme and severe form of IgAN. There are two forms of IgA, IgA1 and IgA2. IgA1 is the only form involved with HSP. “IgA with diminished hinge-region glycosylation are prone to aggregate into macromolecular complexes. These complexes activate the alternative pathway of complement, and then deposit into the renal mesangium” (Saulsbury). The bodies immune response gets triggered by an upper respiratory illness, and produces IgA antibodies. If these IgA antibodies have hinge regions that are not fully developed correctly then they go haywire; producing more and more and clumping together to form complexes that deposit themselves into the kidneys. These malfunctioning IgA1 antibodies also deposit themselves into blood vessel walls, causing them to rupture and blood to pool at the surface of the skin, the cause of the characteristic purple purpura rash (Saulsbury). Individuals who suffer from HSP do not always produce these malfunctioning IgA antibodies, and many researchers are puzzled by and still researching the “come and go” effect of IgAN affliction in correspondence to
The symptoms of psoriasis differ from type to type, although inflamed, scaly lesions are present in all five types. The most common form of the disease, plaque psoriasis, is identified by small bumps that begin to grow and become scaly. These lesions flake easily, but removing these patches can cause the tender skin below to bleed. In the Guttate type, small, individual, red drops form. This type does not have as much scaling as plaque psoriasis. The drops usually clear up on their own, but may also reappear as a different form of psoriasis, usually plaque. Inverse psoriasis usually occurs in places where the skin folds, such as the genitals, breasts, armpits or the backs of knees. This type will appear red, yet it will be smooth and dry. Also, no scaling will occur. Pustular psoriasis is a type that's significantly more rare. It is also more painful. In this type, blisters filled with non-infectious pus appear within a few hours and then dry up and peel within another two days. Severe medical risks exist for those who have this particular form of psoriasis, due to its side effects; exhaustion, anemia, weight loss, fever, chills, rapid pulse rate, severe itching and muscle weakness. Even less common than pustular psoriasis is erythrodermic psoriasis. This type is...
...e of. Any form of unusual conditions must be reported to the doctor immediately. Some of the most common side effects include:
Diaper rash is an example of a non-allergic contact dermatitis . These occur after the skin has been wet repeatedly. Diaper rash may also lead to fungal infections due to the moist environment.
Two substances are mixed together. Explain how the observer could determine if this reaction is just a mixture or an actual chemical reaction. Give an example of two reactants that would form a mixture and two reactants that would form a chemical reaction. (Lesson 7)
Rate of Reactions Gemma Cockle 9F. The Title of the Report: YOUR NAME: Gemma Cockle YOUR PARTNERS NAMES: Grace O’Sullivan and Georgia Rasch YOUR TEACHER’S NAME: Mr Walters CLASS: 9F DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 09/05/14 DUE DATE: 20/05/14. Aim: To investigate what factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction.
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.