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Recommended: Research proposal paper
IRB Procedures
Prior to conducting this study approval was obtained from the Western Kentucky University Institutional Review Board. Each researcher completed the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) Training Program as required and completed an IRB Student Code of Conduct Form. The survey instrument, IRB Exemption Proposal Form, and agency approval forms were submitted to the Western Kentucky IRB for approval.
Evaluation Design For the purpose of this descriptive study, a pre-experimental design was utilized. A limitation of the pre-experimental design is that it fails to include a control group. A single group was studied but no comparison between an equivalent non-treatment group was made.
Sampling Procedures Purposeful non-probability sampling was used in this research study. The study was post-test only with no random assignment. The ExCEL program’s electronic database files were used to
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For the purpose of this study, graduation rate will refer to the number of participants who participated in the ExCEL Program and received either their high school Diploma or GED, while dropout rate will refer to the number of ExCEL participants who did not complete the education requirements needed in order to obtain their diploma or GED. Next, participation in higher education will mean the participants continued their education post-graduation whether in college or trade school, while employment post-graduation will refer to the rate of participants who obtained employment after graduation. Furthermore, the study will research whether the ExCEL Program (cause) influenced the proportion of teen mothers who would pursue employment and higher education post-graduation (effect). No outside variables were introduced to the participants. Also, variables will not be manipulated and there will be no treatment
Two sampling methods include mail surveys and convenience sampling, a variation of a nonprobability sample. Mail surveys, inexpensive way to contact individuals over a large geographical area, provide anonymity to the respondent, and eliminate interview bias. Convenience sampling, a nonprobability sample, the only criteria is the convenience of the unit to the researcher, fast and uncomplicated, but the sampling error not determined.
In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate, furthering into the three methods actually tested.
Institutional review boards (IRBs) were put in to place to assure the health and safety of all research participants and to make sure all research is being conducted to the APA’s standard of ethics. Since people without specialties are required to be one each panel it is often times argued that many propels are denied because these boards may fail to get the merit of the work due to a lack of understanding the material. People also argue that the boards may not be focused enough on psychological studies and based in the medical field. This requires the researchers to add irrelevant content to their studies. IRB’s
All colleges in the United States who offer doctorate degrees have an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The purpose of this protocol is for the protection of human subjects used in research studies. During the dissertation process, the third milestone is the IRB application and approval process. Once the Dissertation Proposal is approved, the doctoral candidate must submit the IRB application for approval from the IRB. Because data collection requires the approval from IRB,
Students’ wouldn’t be able to hold down a job is the second reason they shouldn’t dropout of high school. Many employers would like to have someone who has been too high school and that have been educated so they can handle money and add things p...
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
The first of three research articles examined was conducted by Bruce-Brand et. al. In this randomized control
One strength of using a convenience sampling technique is that the researcher is able to take advantage of the ease of access to participants, they do not have to put in much effort to actively seek participants. However, a weakness to using convenience sampling is that the degree of generalizability
There are advantages and disadvantages to researchers’ various sampling methods. Random sampling does a good job of representing an entire population. However, researchers may have difficulty establishing a full list of a given population. The time and the expense involved in doing this can make the task impossible. Also, separating members from their group for research can prove unsettling for the target. Another issue is that by the time researchers have completed a study using this method the parameters of the sample can change, nullifying research results.
Subjects are selected by using a sampling process. Probability and non-probability sampling are the two main categories for determining subjects in the research process. Probability sampling includes obtaining subjects based on a random sample, whereas non-probability sampling uses subjects that are handpicked by the researcher, based on specific criteria. Data collected from non-probability sampling is specific to the particular criteria they are sampling and cannot be applied to the general public. Whereas data collected from probability sampling is less specific and can be applied to the general population (Borbasi, et al.,
Internal validity is concerned with the accuracy of the study’s design. The extent of control applied over potential irrelevant variables decide the position of internal validity. Checking for possibly confusing variables lower the possibility for a different explanation for treatment effects and gives more confidence that effects occur because of the independent variable. There are seven threats for internal validity have been defined: (1) history, (2) maturation, (3) testing, (4) instrumentation, (5) regression, (6) selection, (7) experimental mortality.
One of the major issues in performing the necessary research is ensuring that you do not repeat the same mistakes previously made. One of the methods I will use is the simple random sampling. The reason I would choose this
First important reason why students drop out school is tuition expenses. In high schools and lower education, most of schools are funded by government, so parents does not much their budget for their children. In higher education, however, parents have to pay tuition. That is a painful problem for poor family. In poor families, they have low salary. Every single dollar is worth for them to survive such as homeless. They better have money for food than go to university because fo...
This paper discusses different types of sampling techniques used in quantitative research. It begins by looking at probability sampling (also known as random sampling) before discussing non-probability sampling (non-random sampling). The discussion ends by looking considerations that should be made before selecting a sampling technique before concluding. Because quantitative researchers prefer probability sampling and only use non-probability on rare occasions the e...
Regrettably, some students must drop out of school and use that time to get a job to help support their families. Female students who become pregnant have to drop out to take care of their child. Poor choices constrain some students to land themselves behind bars before their education becomes complete. Primary caretakers becoming ill and/or dying can force high schoolers to drop out and to take on the role of their family member, who has now become unable (“School Dropout”). These events can leave kids all over the country with two different options that have a few stunning similarities; receiving their GED, or dropping out of high school without a