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I Am a Man by Steve Estes has been an incredible read; it is a book that I would recommend to anybody who loves to read, and also interested in Civil Rights. Steve Estes does an awesome job with the organization, and details of this book. This book starts in 1968 with black workers in Memphis protesting about low wages, horrible working conditions, and horrible treatments. These workers wanted higher pay to support their families and to establish a union. They started a declaration “I Am a Man!” as their motto. Estes states that the strikers chose this motto because “manhood” was more than what it seemed a long tradition that started from the days of slavery. On (page 4), this strike known as, The Memphis Sanitation Strike shows that one cannot appreciate the fullness of the African American struggles for freedom and showing the relationship and ideas about gender relationships and also identity.
The book then shows different ways of how manhood has always played a part in black freedom struggles. Estes starts to explore the participation of black men in World War II, and where the beginning of the civil rights movement began. The World War II used a language of masculinity to increase different ranks of the military, “the notion that are men are more powerful than women, that they should have control over their own lives and the authority over others” (page 7). They were posters that said, “Man the guns”, or “What did you do during the war daddy?” these posters were used to say that man is a protector of the home. World War II also started man power shortages which opened up new advantages for women and minorities, there was less white men. Estes sees this challenge as a white man supremacy, which surfaced around the 1950’s and...
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...out all these different shifts was less than the black man’s self image. The more politics, economics, and also social began to open it was easier for black men to show their manhood where in previous years, they would have been punished.
Steve Estes throughout the entire book showed his ideas, and presented different discussions of race and gender analysis. He ends the book with an outline of America’s gender and race politics from 1980 until present day. The way author Steve Estes explores different leaders and events and their movements is amazing. The book I Am a Man is a journey that not shows gender conflicts but also racial conflicts of the twentieth century, but also an awareness and welcome to civil rights.
Works Cited
Estes, Steve. I am a man!: race, manhood, and the civil rights movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. Print.
In 1955, C. Vann Woodward published the first edition of his book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. The book garnered immediate recognition and success with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. eventually calling it, “the historical Bible of the civil rights movement.” An endorsement like this one from such a prominent and respect figure in American history makes one wonder if they will find anything in the book to criticize or any faults to point out. However, with two subsequent editions of the book, one in August 1965 and another in October 1973—each adding new chapters as the Civil Rights movement progressed—one wonders if Dr. King’s assessment still holds up, if indeed The Strange Career of Jim Crow is still the historical bible of the civil rights movement. In addition, one questions the objectivity of the book considering that it gained endorsements from figures who were promoting a cause and because Woodward had also promoted that same cause.
The transition of being a black man in a time just after slavery was a hard one. A black man had to prove himself at the same time had to come to terms with the fact that he would never amount to much in a white dominated country. Some young black men did actually make it but it was a long and bitter road. Most young men fell into the same trappings as the narrator’s brother. Times were hard and most young boys growing up in Harlem were swept off their feet by the onslaught of change. For American blacks in the middle of the twentieth century, racism is another of the dark forces of destruction and meaninglessness which must be endured. Beauty, joy, triumph, security, suffering, and sorrow are all creations of community, especially of family and family-like groups. They are temporary havens from the world''s trouble, and they are also the meanings of human life.
In a debate in 1851, famed abolitionist Wendell Phillips presented a moving and forceful argument for acceptance of African Americans into the military by telling the story of the Haitian general, Toussaint-Louverture. Phillips' message survives today, over a century later, not only as a tribute to the hero who rose from slavery to create the first black republic, but also as a compelling statement against racial discrimination. Expertly using a mix of literary devices, including juxtaposition, irony, metaphor, and personification, Phillips enables his audience to see, through the lens of the orator's mind, the ideals that he promotes.
Malcolm X stated that the most disrespected, unprotected and neglected person in America is the black woman. Black women have long suffered from racism in American history and also from sexism in the broader aspect of American society and even within the black community; black women are victims of intersection between anti-blackness and misogyny sometimes denoted to as "misogynoir". Often when the civil rights movement is being retold, the black woman is forgotten or reduced to a lesser role within the movement and represented as absent in the struggle, McGuire 's At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance--A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power does not make this same mistake.
Thesis: McGuire argues that the Civil Rights movement was not led just by the strong male leaders presented to society such as Martin Luther King Jr., but is "also rooted in African-American women 's long struggle against sexual violence (xx)." McGuire argues for the "retelling and reinterpreting (xx)" of the Civil Rights movement because of the resistance of the women presented in her text.
Marable, Manning. Race, Reform, and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction and Beyond in Black America, 1945-2006. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007.
Those studying the experience of African Americans in World War II consistently ask one central question: “Was World War II a turning point for African Americans?” In elaboration, does World War II symbolize a prolongation of policies of segregation and discrimination both on the home front and the war front, or does it represent the start of the Civil Rights Movement that brought racial equality? The data points to the war experience being a transition leading to the civil rights upheavals of the 1960s.
The African-American Years: Chronologies of American History and Experience. Ed. Gabriel Burns Stepto. New York: Charles Scribner 's Sons, 2003.
This novel also looks at social norms overseeing gender in the southern states around the 1960's. White women in the book are valued by the amount of children they can reproduce for the black women to raise. Even though getting a job is difficult for these black woman, the white women have a hard time seeking out a job as well. But these black women sacrifice their lives to be major workhorses surrendering their own families to work for white employers. Aibileen, Minny, and Skeeter confront the roles put upon them by society and receive fulfillmen...
Summers, Martin. The Black Middle Class and the Transformation of Masculinity. Chapel Hill: University of Carolina Press, 2004.
In order to success on the home-front and to be able to support the troops, African Americans and women were given identities to help with victory. In order to success on the warfront, rapid effort of expansion in both industrial and military power was needed. On both the home and warfront, victory highly depended on the continuous provision of warfare such as ammunition, guns, tanks, naval vessels and planes as, “The necessity of winning the war opened the economy to millions of black men and women who surged into defense plants” (African Americans and the Military: World War II and Segregation). Without the support of other ethnic races and involvement of typical household women, the American Dream would not have been achievable. For the sole purpose of achieving that well desired dream alongside the American pursuit of happiness, Americans allowed discriminated individuals to support their victory as it would not have been possible without them. Through unequal opportunity presented by Americans within the union, the nation was physically and physiologically left disrupted and shattered by varying opinions through discrimination and
I stumbled on my article in such a timely manner. I was thinking most people given this assignment would go straight to The New York Times, The Huffington Post, or some other popular outlet. I decided to take a different route and do my article hunting elsewhere. I thought to myself " Where can I get a great article that the average person wouldn 't think to look?". It hit me like a ton of bricks, Ebony Magazine. I scrolled through titles and stumbled on one entitled " We Have to Give Men the Space to Define Masculinity on their Own Terms" by George Johnson. I couldn 't pass this up because I wholeheartedly agree with this statement and it 's an issue that definitely needs to be addressed. This article in particular breaks down the struggles
Freedom was knowledge, education and family, but “The root of oppression decided as a “tangle of pathology” created by the absence of male authority among Black people” (Davis, 15). Therefore, they enjoyed “as much autonomy as they could seize, slave men and women manifested irrepressible talent in humanizing an environment designed to convert them into a herd of subhuman labor units” (Davis). Instead of being the head of the “household”, he and the women treated each other as an equal. This thought would soon become a historical turning point that initiated the fight for gender
Whenever people discuss race relations today and the effect of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, they remember the work of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He was and continues to be one of the most i...
In this narrative essay, Brent Staples provides a personal account of his experiences as a black man in modern society. “Black Men and Public Space” acts as a journey for the readers to follow as Staples discovers the many societal biases against him, simply because of his skin color. The essay begins when Staples was twenty-two years old, walking the streets of Chicago late in the evening, and a woman responds to his presence with fear. Being a larger black man, he learned that he would be stereotyped by others around him as a “mugger, rapist, or worse” (135).