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Effects of protestant reformation on europe
Effects of protestant reformation on europe
Effects of protestant reformation on europe
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As a practical sociologist, Charlie Chaplin film Modern times embodies the ideas of hyper-rationalization of Max Weber and the false consciousness of Karl Marx. His film critiques the structural evolution caused by modern society. Through satire, the film reflects the lived reality of modernity by showing how individual agency succumbs to ruthless pragmatism, and how false consciousness is taught to marginalized individuals. With the writings of Martin Luther in the sixteen century, a large portion of Europe and the eventually the rest of the west converted from Roman Catholicism to Protestantism. Max Weber conjectures that under Protestantism citizens were encouraged to show their faith in God through hard work. (Weber, 377) . Over the …show more content…
Through out the movie, many of the characters, and plot points practice rationality to justify an absurdity. The factory owner decisions to maximize profit can be understood as acting rationally, yet his application of his ideas is hyper-rational because his tries to automate his workers. Once the workers transform from using machines to compliment their labor to embodying machines, rationality does not justify the owner decisions. The government is also depicted being hyper rational. When the police arrest Charlie for being a leader of the protest, their evidence is not logical. Using logical reasoning, they see that Charlie is leading the protest, and carrying a flag, thus he must be the leader of the protest. Their evidence follows a line of logic, but it would be clear that Charlie is innocent if they investigated their accusation. The police apprehension of Charlie’s girlfriend at the restaurant also follows a similar line hyper rational logic. Social services detains her because she is an orphan, so she is unfit to care for herself under the eyes of the law. The law’s intent was to ensure individuals that who cannot support of themselves are being supported. With her employment, Ellen shows that she can care of herself .If the members of social services could leave their ruthlessly pragmatic mindset, then they would realize that it is unnecessary to apply the law in this …show more content…
Throughout the film, the few of the characters take an introspective look at their lives or the unfair social institutions that shape them. When Charlie catches Big Ben, his friend from the factory, stealing from the department store Big Ben remarks “We ain’t burglars- we’re hungry. ”(Modern Times).His dialogue is simple and passive, yet he almost has a moment of clarity about the institution in his life. When Bill points out that “We ain’t burglars”, he takes the first step towards seeing the oppressive social institutions that are hurting his life. He does not complete the analysis, and instead he applies ideas pragmatically applies the idea of hyper-rationalism to his situation coming that conclusion that it is his fault that he is hungry. He passively accepts them the structural forces in his life, and blames himself because it is the most rational solution. Through out the film this is a recurring motif as many of the characters identify inequality in their life, but they don’t analyze them. When Charlie and Ellen attempt to achieve the dream of owning a house, Ellen realizes that they cannot afford one. She doesn’t, however, appear to contemplate about the social institutions that cause her and Charlie’s poverty. Her lack of analysis is a manifestation of her false consciousness
Political greed and desire for land by the German princes and the education of Free Cities resulted in immense support from vast crowds which allowed for the Protestant Reformation to occur. As did the social developments included in Martin Luther’s, author of the 95 Theses, ideas of women rights, bibles/masses, and availability of literature. This developments resulted in certain groups, genders, and classes converting to Protestantism, which allowed the Protestant Reformation to establish.
These films have very different views of the time period, but still have things in common. This paper will compare Modern Times and The Public Enemy. Modern Times, produced in 1936, was written, directed and starring Charlie Chaplin. This film was about the Little Tramp trying the get through the modern times. The film starts in a factory where Little Tramp works.
Religion and opinions are both products of humans. Our intelligence gifts us with the freedom of thought and capability to apply it to our views on deep life questions. Intelligence provides us the right to believe in any sort of God, afterlife, or way of living. Brad Gregory describes the Protestant Reformation’s effects on the present society’s Christian qualities in a book he wrote titled “The Unintended Reformation.”1 (After my awareness of the outcome of the western history of the Protestant Reformation, I gained an opinion on today’s religious views that do not completely agree with Gregory’s valuation.) The Protestant Reformation was vital to the progress in the knowledge about the Christian faith.
During the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation transformed Europe from a nation previously united by a singular Christian faith into one divided by conflicting religious beliefs and practices. Martin Luther, a German monk and theologian, played a significant role in the onset of this reform movement. In 1517, Luther wrote the Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, more commonly referred to as the Ninety-Five Theses, which called for a scholarly debate on various church practices, particularly the sale of indulgences to absolve human sin. Contrary to the church’s teaching, Luther asserted that people obtained salvation by faith, not through works or deeds, such as purchasing indulgences. Although Luther did not intend his work to be a program for reform, its widespread publication created public upheaval about the corruption within the church and thus threatened the power of the Pope. Therefore, the Ninety-Five Theses served as the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation because it sparked a theological conflict between Martin Luther and the papal authority, which eventually resulted in Luther breaking away from the Roman Catholic church and forming a new sect of Christianity.
The church’s robust grip on religious expression shattered as medieval society transitioned into a period known as the Reformation. Characterized by the rejection of common ideology, the Reformation sparked religious curiosity. Reformers such as John Calvin and Martin Luther offered interpretations of the Bible in direct opposition to the Catholic Church’s teachings, forcing Europeans to examine and formulate their own beliefs. This style of thinking was foreign to European society because up to this point in history Europeans were passive absorbers of Catholic Church ideology. Hence, it was natural that an era considered the Age of Enlightenment followed the period of rejection and questioning known as the Reformation.
The protestant reformation of 16th century had both: immediate and long term effects. Thus, we can see that it was a revolution of understanding the essence of religion, and of what God is. The protestant reformation is said to a religious movement. However, it also influenced the economical, political and social life of people. The most global, short term effect of the reformation was the reevaluation of beliefs, and, as a result, the loss of authority of the Holy Roman Empire. The long term effects were: the emergence of new heretical movements, the declining of papacy, thus the reevaluation of people’s view on the church and life values.
...m what they lacked in the Catholic Church, the knowledge of what made them Christians. Just as the Word of God is a guide to mankind, Luther guided 16th century Germans to the true Christian path with his many revolutionary reforms.
Before the 16th century Protestant Reformation, Christianity it Europe was in a questionable and somewhat corrupt state. During the mid 15th century central and western Europe was set up in the form of a hierarchy, which was headed by the pope. At this period in time the pope claimed all spiritual authority over Christians, as well as political authority over all inhabitants of the Papal States. In addition to the claims the pope made, the church also owned close to one-fourth of the land in Europe that lead to a strong centralization of papal authority. Close to all of the Europeans at this time were Christian and would pay taxes directly to the church as a result of this ownership. European Christians were taught in their upbringing that without the guidance and rituals of the priests and the church, there would be no path for them to salvation. Despite the church attempting to teach morality among members, the clergy started to become greedy and full of corruption that fueled their desire for ...
The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century is one of the most complex movements in European history since the fall of the Roman Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of Western Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and social geography in the west had fundamentally changed. The Reformation would have been revolutionary enough of itself, but it coincided in time with the opening of the Western Hemisphere to the Europeans and the development of firearms as effective field weapons. It coincided, too, with the spread of Renaissance ideals from Italy and the first stirrings of the Scientific Revolution. Taken together, these developments transformed Europe.
Charlie Chaplin is an American modern and contemporary history’s symbolic person. He is an actor and a director who was severely criticized about the society in those days through his films. One of his most famous works is the Modern Times. Modern Times is an immortal work, because many people still love the film. There is a person who says, “History is repeating, so we should learn from it.”
The concept of mass culture emerged as a philosophical exploration of the question of modernity in relation to individual identities and individuality. As the society progressed from its traditional existence to a modern state, numerous advancements were realized that drastically changed the outlook of the society and its influence on an individual and individual thinking. One of the most important factors that have been an influence in the advancement of modernity is the mass media phenomenon (Landgraf 25). In fact, very few would contend that the institutions within the mass media franchise are crucial aspects of contemporary politics and philosophy. However, philosophers like Nietzsche and Karl Marx had the contention that the mass media had to be considered in light of its effects to the values and institutions of modern societies. Nietzsche’s criticisms is based on the general idea that the values and institutions of modern day society oppress creativity and bodily energies and limit the ability if human beings to function as individuals. This in turn blocks a generation of stronger individuals from emerging in a society that is now characterized by vigor. Friedrich Nietzsche critically appraised the modern age and developed one of the foremost sustainable critiques of mass culture and society, bureaucratic discipline, the state and regimentation. This led to the production of fresh perspectives which later deeply influenced discourse about modernity.
The film “Modern Times,” directed by Charlie Chaplin, is set in the mid nineteen thirties. This time frame places the characters in the middle of the Great Depression and the industrial revolution. The film depicts the lifestyle and quality of living for people in this era by showing a factory worker who cannot take the monotony of working on an assembly line. The film follows the factory worker through many of his adventures throughout the film. The film’s main stars are Charlie Chaplin and Paulette Goddard.
When a critic examines the silent films of Charles Chaplin a question that arises is whether the comedy he portrayed is a mockery of political and current issues, or a means to bring laughter to viewers. Silent films generated different emotions and thoughts since a spectator was simply watching actions rather than hearing an explanation through words. Information was cleverly construed this way and however the critic analyzed the information presented was an individual responsibility. In fact, Charles Chaplin once said, "..it is not the reality that matters in a film but what the imagination can make of if," to a young critic.[1]
(YO REMEMBER TO PUT IN A HEADER THING)Films are the most widely enjoyed artform in the modern era; they give beautiful scenery, gripping stories, enthralling characters and, above all, they teach to feeling. Though mMuch of what is felt may not be around were it not for a specific pioneer in this artistic industry. His name was Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin, but his more recognizable stage name was Charlie Chaplin. At a glance he may seem to be just a funny performer, but his material would change the world forever. Charlie chaplin is the most significant filmmaker in history. (Add why by stating what you talk about in your body paragraphs)
The film Modern Times directed by Charlie Chaplin is a silent era film filled with sound effects that shows the struggles and challenges of living in a modern industrial society. The Director Charlie Chaplin happens to be the central character referred to as Little Tramp along with his friend Ellen also known as Gamine, an orphan and homeless young lady. The technical code of the film is black and white but very humorous. The film portrays social issues such as slavery, poverty, unemployment, strikes, and economic imbalances just to name a few. These issues occurred during the period of the great depression in America.