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Global Warming and Going Green has raised everyone’s awareness about the importance of our environment. Traditional gasoline vehicles generate an extreme amount of pollutants that are harmful to the environment, which is what led to the development and popularity of hybrid vehicles. There are many types of hybrid fuels being developed and used. Three types of fuels will be compared: ethanol 85 (E85), diesel, and hydrogen. There are also human factors that play into the feasibility of manufacturing and marketing of hybrid vehicles in comparison to the existing fleet of standard gasoline powered vehicles.
Hybrid electric vehicles have been around as early as the 1800s, but cost and technology were not perfected to produce a hybrid engine that would be cost-effective for consumers. H. Piper, an American engineer, filed for a patent in 1905 to produce the hybrid engine he invented. By the time Piper’s patent was accepted, Henry Ford had developed the assembly line and destroyed any further interest in the hybrid engine Piper invented. In 1931, German inventor Erich Gaichen built a hybrid electric vehicle which resulted in Toyota utilizing the technology for the popular Prius design introduced to the United States in the summer of 2000. It was not until 1993 that the Department of Energy introduced the HEV program which consisted of three of the largest auto brokers partnering together to produce HEV’s available to the public by early 2000. Every car manufacturer has now produced a hybrid vehicle to meet the requirements of consumers in today’s market.
Car manufacturers have increased production of hybrid vehicles over recent years due to higher demands by the public. Furthermore, rental car agencies want to contribute to the environ...
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...entally Friendly. Retrieved from http://www.bionomicfuel.com/are-hybrid-engines-really-environmentally-friendly/
eHow. (1999-2010). Are Hybrid Cars Good for the Environment. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5283571_hybrid-cars-good-environment.html
Fuel Economy.Gov. (2010). News and Information about Hybrid Vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hybrid_news.shtml
Gable, C., & Gable, S. (n.d.). How much does an alternative fuel vehicle cost?. Retrieved July 17, 2010, from http://alternativefuels.about.com/od/alternativefuels101/a/afvfaq5.htm
Hybrid Rental Car Rebate in San Francisco –http://www.businesstravellogue.com/travel-tips/hybrid-rental-car-rebate-in-san-francisco.html
Lotus Evora 414E Hybrid Offers Economy and Performance, Too Retrieved from - http://www.greencar.com/articles/lotus-evora-414e-hybrid-offers-economy-performance.php
"Calories in Marshmallows | Nutrition, Carbohydrate and Calorie Counter." Calories in Marshmallows | Nutrition, Carbohydrate and Calorie Counter. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2017
What Was Jim Crow?. (n.d.). What was Jim Crow. Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm
“What Is the Cost in Adopting from Foster Care?” Show Hope, Charity Navigator , 21 Nov. 2014, showhope.org/2014/11/21/cost-in-adopting-foster-care/.
Due to the constant rise in gas prices, Hybrid cars have become a hot item in today's economy. Although the Hybrid cars are more expensive than the conventional cars the rapid increase in gasoline prices will allow the consumer to make up the difference and save money by having to make fewer trips to the gas pump.
The parallel hybrid system involves an internal combustion engine and an electric motor that assists the engine to provide torque and power for the vehicle to move using a power splitter, a set of gears (Nice & Layton 2000). Since the electric motor used is small, these hybrids cannot be solely powered by the motor. In series-parallel hybrids, there is an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The power generated by both sources can be used to drive the wheels or charge the batteries. The vehicle can be powered solely by the electric motor or the internal combustion engine or even both simultaneously (Nice & Layton 2000). In a series hybrid vehicle, the vehicle is driven by the electric motor only without mechanical connections to the internal combustion engine, which only recharges the battery that powers the vehicle when the battery charge is low (Wu 1995). This system was invented by Ferdinand Porsche, the founder of Porsche, in 1900 (Lampton 2009).
When the 1970s rolled around and the oil crisis struck, gas prices rose tremendously and people were very concerned about the dependency for oil and the idea of hybrid cars once again came up. The main financial support came from the U.S. Department of Energy, with a few automobile companies also investing some money. By the early 1990s Volkswagen was the only automaker that considered marketing a hybrid vehicle, only in Europe though. 1993 sparked a major event for the advancement of hybrid cars. The Department of Energy signed a five-year $138 million development agreement with General Motors and a $122 million agreement with Ford to design and build preproduction hybrid prototypes that could be marketed in less than 10 years. Four years later brought about a new generation of hybrid vehicles with the introduction of the Toyota Prius (Sperling, p. 101).
Since the release of this first mass-produced of the hybrid vehicles the government has been doing a lot of things possible to be involved and also to regulate the purchasing’s of HEVs and PHEVs. Today, the President Obama has created a New Energy For America to plan for changes to its way the United States uses energy. The plan does include a section on the hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrids. Soon the tax credits will be ended for its regular hybrid electrics vehicles. Now it is known, due to the rapid rate of the HEV sales the government has also withdrawn its tax rebates on HEV models, by giving exclusive tax cuts on EV and PHEV models, which based on its total electric charge that the battery pack can hold. Since then, HEV cars were popular among environmentally conscious drivers.
Most American cars are not hybrids or fuel-efficient, they are usually big SUV’s or trucks that get eighteen to ten miles per gallon. Most of Hondas, Toyotas, and Hyundai’s get around 20 to 30 miles per gallon, and hybrids get 50 miles per gallon. Peoples demand fuel-efficient cars because oil is i...
With a gasoline-fueled vehicle, buying gas to operate your car is a never-ending process. With the high price change of gasoline and oil, operating a gasoline-fueled vehicle tends to be very costly. While there are some types of small gasoline vehicles that get much better gas mileage than larger vehicles, even the most powerful gasoline cars will normally desire a contribution every month. According to some experts the only way a mainstream market for green vehicles wills materlize is with a pronounced and prolonged rise in fuel prices. (Buss, 4)
Used Car Loans: 3 Pros and Cons. (2012, January 27). Retrieved May 3, 2014, from Cars Direct: http://www.carsdirect.com/auto-loans/used-car-auto-loans-3-pros-and-cons
Most people today fill up their car with different qualities of petrol, because that's what the average car takes. They don't usually consider an alternative for the petrol that they load into their cars. Although petrol is widely used, it is not the only source for a car to get its power from; diesel and electricity are alternatives to the general petrol used by most cars. Although different from each other, diesel and electricity are alternatives to the average gasoline received at a gas station. Diesel is a more concentrated type of fuel that is usually used by big automobiles because they require a lot of power in a little amount of time. Electricity is a method that uses the power of batteries to produce a low horsepower but, nevertheless fast automobile. Electric cars are generally created to be soundless and environment friendly. The purpose of this paper is to classify and educate the reader of the different types of fuel available for an automobile to use: petrol, diesel, and electricity. The general petrol, used by most people, is usually the only type of fuel accepted on the average car in the United States today.
Hybrid cars use both gas and electric. The gasoline engine is the primary source of power, while the electric motor is used at low speeds. Emissions levels are reduced because the gasoline engine shuts off at low speeds. An additional benefit of the parallel configuration is that no outside source of electric power is required because the engine itself generates the required electricity. A Hybrid Electric Vehicle known as HEV have several advantages over traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles: Regenerative braking capability, which helps minimize the energy lost when driving. Engine is sized to average load, not peak load, which reduces the weight of the engine. Fuel efficiency is greatly increased, while emissions are greatly decreased. HEVs can be operated using alternative fuels; therefore they need not be depended on fossil fuels (http://www.ott.doe.gov/hev/what.html#hev). Another great thing about these machines is the mpg; on the average, a hybrid car gets anywhere from 55-70mpg on the hwy. This is what makes the car all worth having. Now all this sounds good, but there are some issues that must be addressed.
Perspective 1: Psychodynamic Perspective 2: Behavioral Perspective 3: Cognitive Perspective 4: Humanistic Perspective 5: Contextual Perspective 6: Evolutionary Key Concept(s) of Perspective Behavior and development are motivated by inner and unconscious forces. Related to childhood experiences. Behavior and development is understood by focusing on observing behavior and outside environmental stimuli. Behavior is related to the mental processes that allow people to understand, know, and think about the world around them.
Today, people use their own personal vehicles to travel more than ever before. Personal transportation is no longer considered a luxury; it is now considered a necessity. The number of cars in the United States has been growing steadily since the 1970s. The number of miles traveled by cars has risen nearly 150 percent, yet the United States population has only grown roughly 40 percent during that time (hybridcars.com, Driving Trends). Although it may seem like we are advancing into the future, in reality, we are moving backwards from the effects these vehicles have on our bodies and the environment. The pollution produced by these vehicles has brought us to the day where we must find other modes of transportation that cause less harm to the world in which we live. Advances in technology have developed hybrid vehicles to try and slow down the amount of pollution. Driving a hybrid vehicle, instead of a conventional gas powered vehicle, can reduce the amount of pollution that affects our lives and the environment around us.
...Mercedes-Benz Prices with MSRP & Invoice. (n.d.). In True Car. Retrieved December 3, 2013, from http://www.truecar.com/prices-new/mercedes-benz/