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Approaches to crime prevention-law enforcement examples
Approach to crime prevention
Introduction about crime prevention
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How the Police Tried to Catch Jack the Ripper
In the 1880s, the police were very different from the police of today.
Their main propose was crime prevention and their methods their
methods were very primitive
Source F is a police leaflet, which was published after the murders of
Elizabeth Stride and Kate Eddowes; it was written to aid the police in
their investigation it was also written in a factual tone, it suggests
that the police were appealing for any information regarding
suspicious characters. Because of the timing of this leaflet shows the
desperation faced by the police but for because of the many defects
reasons the leaflet was not successful: The first being that they did
not offer any description of the murderer at all, 'person to whom
suspicion was attached'. The second being that they still assumed that
the person was living in Whitechapel, when there was a large amount of
evidence suggested that the murderer wasn't from Whitechapel (the fact
that the murders were all done on the weekends or on Friday nights,
which suggests that he had a job and came into Whitechapel to murder).
The third reason being that they did not offer any rewards to the
public but it must be taken into account that the police were not
responsible for handing out rewards- the home sectary was the one who
decided against it. In addition, there is no information on the
mutilations to the bodies, it just gives the dates, which would not
have encouraged anyone to come forward as it could have been thought
that they were just non-violent attacks, and it would have persuaded
people to come forward. The leaflet also suggests that the police had
run out of all possible leads and were using this leaflet as a last
attempt. To sum up source F shows us that that the police methods were
very much reliant on witnesses and help from the public.
Source Gis part of a letter from the Home Secretary to the mile End
Vigilance Committee dated 17th September, after the murder of Annie
Mr. Cockburn concluded that the evidence presented in this case was misinterpret and misapprehend, the leading investigation was “unscientific and slipshod” which lead to the sentence of Edward splatt. Many questions were raised, whether police officers should collect trace elements from the crime scene? The involvemet of police officers collecting samples rather than scientific experts which could lead to wrong and misleading evidence? The scientific procedure undertaking in this investigation. And these collected samples collected from officers and tested would lead to unvaluable piece of evidence.After Edward splatt conviction, anattorney- general by the name of Mr Griffin keeped a close eye on the case and examined the moran report and
The Army CID sent a new, inexperienced investigator named William Ivory to investigate the scene. Ivory decided after looking around the house that MacDonald made up the story of the killers. He also persuaded everyone that he was the culprit. This meant that everyone in Ivory’s chain...
The population grew and ‘breakdown in law and order marched in step with the industrial revolution’ (Critchley, 1978: 21). The industrial revolution meant technological progression, better education and an increase in capital stock. As a result, the population grew, with more new people moving into the area, meaning there was less informal social control. Due to these factors, 1829 saw the introduction of the ‘New Police’ to London, the Metropolitan Police were brought in to solve the issue of crime and disorder. The poor initially feared that the introduction of the Metropolitan police would mean that they would be controlled and oppressed by the powerful to a much larger extent. By the same token, the orthodox view is that the old system was failing and that this was an effective step that had to be taken in order to respond to the diversity of this more cultured society. The working class were content as the New Police looked out for their welfare Melville Lee (1901: xxx) claimed that the New Police were ‘guardians of the weak against the strong […] designed to stand between the powerful and the weak, to prevent oppression, danger and crime’. In contrast, the revisionist view is that the New Police were necessary to cope with the needs of the modern capital class. Although, at first the New Police were treated with great hostility by everyone within society, somewhat
...lice or lawyers used their integrity. The police skirted around the law and use evidence that the witnesses said was not correct. They had a description of the suspect that did not match Bloodsworth but, they went after him as well. They also used eyewitness testimony that could have been contaminated.
...f door-to-door enquires, disguising detectives, laying on extra man power and using coroners and police surgeons for accurate reports. However these methods became a problem, the public’s mistrust and dislike of the force resulted in difficulty in solving crimes. With the lack of experience and scientific knowledge solving crime had a poor success rate, technological and scientific advancement aided with investigations. In addition the Metropolitan Police gradually became an expected presence on the streets.
Because police investigators are usually under pressure to arrest criminals and safeguard the community, they often make mistakes. Sometimes, detectives become convinced of a suspect 's guilt because of their criminal history or weak speculations. Once they are convinced, they are less likely to consider alternative possibilities. They overlook some important exculpatory evidence, make weak speculations and look only for links that connect a suspect to a crime, especially if the suspect has a previous criminal record. Picking Cotton provides an understanding of some common errors of the police investigation process. During Ronald Cottons interrogation, the detectives did not bother to record the conversation “But I noticed he wasn 't recording the conversation, so I felt that he could be writing anything down”(79) unlike they did for Jennifer. They had already labelled Ronald Cotton as the perpetrator and they told him during the interrogation “Cotton, Jennifer Thompson already identified you. We know it was you”(82). Jenifer Thompson 's testimony along with Ronald Cotton 's past criminal records gave the detectives more reason to believe Ronald committed the crime. Ronald Cotton stated “ This cop Sully, though, he had already decided I was guilty.”(84). Many investigative process have shortcomings and are breached because the officials in charge make
Furthermore, the public reaction was very unhelpful, as the people in Whitechapel did not like the police for many reasons. The police had brought a bad reputation to their name with acts of violence. Due to this history behind the police, the locals decided not to help the police as much as they could have in their investigations. The lack of policemen did not help either.
In the case of Alois Dolejs the crime control model, was swift and took the criminal off the streets. The police had a lot of circumstantial evidence, for example, bloody cloths and two different types of blood. On the advise of his attorney, he was instructed not to disclose the location of the bodies, until after the trial.
Most statements from witnesses claimed that, the 'Ripper' suspect must have been a white male, average or below average height, between 20-40 years old, did not dress as a labourer or homeless person and was right handed. They also felt he had accommodation in the East End of London, possible medical connections, may have been a foreigner, and also have a regular job as the murders took place at the weekend. Because this description did not single out anyone, it made it more difficult to arrest anyone as the evidence was very weak. Jack the Ripper was a clever man, as we can see from his Modus Operandi, as he managed to choose different locations for his murders, yet they were all very close to both public and police scrutiny. Even though they were supposed to be keeping a close observation over Jack the Rippers movements, they were too complex for them and the Whitechapel area was so vast.
Jack Laidlaw is a universe apart from other examples of detectives, he examines the more intriguing issues of how and why people can commit the reprehensible crime of murder and the harrowing aftermath of crime and violence. Jack Laidlaw can deeply understand people more than anyone could ever imagine. Jack Laidlaw is an odd sort of detective, and this is an odd sort of novel. He lives and works in the gloomy, cheerless heart of urban Glasgow; and he keeps the works of "Camus"," Unamuno" and "Kierkegaard"in his top desk drawer, "where other detectives would normally rather keep their secret stashes of liquor." Unlike many other detectives with uppity tastes in literature, no one congratulates him for this or encourages him in any way; the whole world tells him that However, he persists in trying to understand crimes as well as solve them: “You want to live as if the rest of the world was just a necessary evil and that you have to be a monster to be a criminal,it's not true, it's all in peoples concealed heads. That may be a nuisance to you.
In lieu of the fact that Rignall could not give them much information, the Police were unable to be of much help. In fact even wh...
This broader trend contextualises the document as a police report. The meeting was attended by two policemen, who sign their names on the report as William Lennard P.S. and P. Quinn, Supt. The report was submitted to the Home Office from the Criminal Investigation Department, as a “Central Officer’s Special Report.”
The population of Londonstarted to grow and so did the crimes because the more people there are at one place the criminals could easily pick pocket them. The home secretary at the time Robert Peel had to take some measures. In 1829 Robert Peel who was the home secretary sets up the metropolitan police force because of the number of crimes in Britainmainly in Englandwas rising at a very fast rate. At the time there was a marine/river force and volunteers but they were not trained to handle crime or prevent it. At the start the metropolitan police force was given a black and blue uniform in order to be different from the army uniform because no one in Britainliked the army, so the MET police wanted to get on the good side of the people.
Evidence, clear and simple is what the official male dominated investigation is looking for when they come to the Wright’s home following the strangulation of Mr. John Wright. If it does not pertain to the normal evidence of a crime scene or spell out murder for them they are utterly disinterested. Mrs. Wright
Crime Scene Investigation For my assignment, I will be looking into the case of James Bulger, aged 2 years old, who was kidnapped and murdered by John Venables and Robert Thompson on February 12th 1993. Through evidence found at the crime scene and testimonial statements, the police saw that the two boys, ages 11, abducted James from Bootle Strand Shopping Center, Liverpool. They took him on a long, aimless walk where they brutally attacked him and left him for dead. In my assignment I will show how work done by the police, forensic scientists and Investigators helped to convict Jon and Robert.