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Theory on how groynes stop longshore drift
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To determine how groynes prevent longshore drift.
The issue:
Longshore drift influences the deposition and erosion of sediments. Waves erode the coast and transport the eroded material along the coastline. Over a period of time, the material will be deposited on a beach or form a larger feature such as a spit. Groynes are structures built at equal intervals along the coastline. Their purpose is to restrict longshore drift, preventing coastal erosion.
Figure 1 - Google Maps
About the location:
The location of the study area is Silver Beach in Kurnell Peninsula, near Cronulla. It is located in the Sutherland Shire, south of Sydney Central Business District (CBD) and just directly south of Kingsford Smith International Airport. The area also has a historical significance as it is near the landing place of Captain James Cook on the 28th of April 1770 in Botany Bay.
Figure 2 - Close up of the study area, Silver beach is located just on the border of Captain Cook Drive
Figure 3 - Captain Cook Obelisk, taken by Saksham Yadav on 25/2/14 at Botany Bay
Importance of the issue:
Longshore drift is a process by which sediments are transported from one place to another. When this process occurs, beaches, spits and sandbars are accreted over time. If the process of longshore drift is altered by factors such as stronger winds and stronger currents, beach erosion begins at a faster rate and this may result in many serious problems. The main stakeholders of longshore drift are resort owners. They rely on people to visit their resorts and enjoy the beach. However, if longshore drift erodes too much sand, it can permanently deprive sand from the area, which can also threaten structures close to the shoreline.
How the issu...
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...otection: Groynes." Coastal Protection: Groynes. Slideshare, n.d. Web. .
"Geography Site: Coasts - Longshore Drift." Geography Site: Coasts - Longshore Drift. N.p., 11 Jan. 2008. Web. .
"Groynes as Shore Protection." - Coastal Wiki. N.p., 24 Oct. 2012. Web. .
"Landing Place Reserve." Kurnell. N.p., n.d. Web. .
"Silver Beach, Kurnell." - Sutherland Shire Council. N.p., n.d. Web. .
Figure 9 - Captain Cook Obelisk (Vando in the foreground) - Photo by Saksham Yadav at Botany Bay
Method(data collection) ----------------------- If Long Shore Drift were taking place, I would expect to find: * Deposition of pebbles on one side of any obstruction. This obstruction could be a headland or an artificial barrier such as a groyne.
Investigating the Geographical Processes that are Affecting the Physical and Built Coastal Environment There are three geographical processes that are affecting the physical and built coastal environment, they are; erosion, deposition, and transportation. Erosion is the group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation, by which material is worn away from the earth’s surface, this is mainly caused by wind, running water, and waves breaking on the coast. Deposition is the depositing something or the laying down of matter by a natural process. Transportation is when sand is moved along the coast by long shore drift. At North Cronulla beach erosion is evident.
coast (as shown in pictures 1 & 2). The area of sea is subject to the
Semaphore is a classic Adelaide beach supporting many facilities. However, this would not be the case if coastal management was not put into progress. Coastal management is a way of supporting the world’s coasts, by using many techniques from construction of structures in which prevents wave energy from reaching the shore to planned strategies. Factors of this includes; rising sea levels, erosion, long and short term drift, sand movement and marine biology. The importance of coastal management is quite significant as it will help to prevent coastal erosion. In addition to this, without coastal management the world will be affect economically, environmentally as well as socially. Without the strategies involving the management of the coast,
See Location Map of the coastline being studied from Herne Bay to Reculver.
There are many different types of coasts that exist throughout the United States. The south shore of Long Island has a unique types of coast known as a barrier beach. Barrier beaches are long narrow land forms that are composed of sand and other lose sediments. These sediments are brought together by the actions of waves, currents and storm surges. Barrier beaches are subject to constant changes by the same forces. Sand is constantly eroded in one area an deposited in another. Barrier coasts are important for a number of reasons; they protect the mainland of Long Island from the open ocean and flooding during storms, for recreational use and the unique ecosystems which exist on barrier beaches.
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...hy this is like this is because this picture is taken of ruin called cliff palace in mesa Grande. The ruins are getting older and therefore are not as new looking as they were 130 years ago. This photo is really cool to
Predicted By Probability Distribution Tendency." Journal Of Coastal Research 28.5 (2012): 1020-1031. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
One reason for this erosion is the oil and natural gas business. This industry has built many wellheads out in the Gulf, which transport the mined resources back to the coast through extensive underwater pipeline canals and navigational channels. The intrusive nature of this system requires the removal of land from the delta. An oil and gas industry-funded study found that this industry has removed one-third of the delta-land loss. Another human-induced risk factor was the US Army Corps of Engineer...
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Surfers, swimmers and sunbathers use beaches for recreation. People fish off beaches for food. Since many people take their vacations at the beach, lots of beaches in tropical locations are important to their country’s economy. Entire cities, regions and countries depend on the money tourists spend while visiting the beach. Beaches are naturally very dynamic places, but people try to control them and build permanent structures, such as houses, restaurants, shops and hotels, on or near the shore. The natural erosion and deposition of beaches becomes a problem. Beaches con disappear over time, or even over night during severe storms. Beaches are areas of loose sediment (sand, gravel, cobbles) controlled by ocean processes. Most beaches have several characteristic features. First are offshore bars, which help protect beaches from erosion. Next is the foreshore, which rises from the water toward the crest of the next feature; a berm. On low-lying shores, dunes form behind beaches. Dunes look like rolling hills of sand and are blown into place by the wind. New, smaller dunes are often changing shape as the wind continues to affect them. Waves and currents move the accumulated sediment constantly creating, eroding and changing the coastlines.
This is when the rock fragments from Otakamiro Headland are ripped away by waves, broken down by attrition and transported along the coast where they are deposited as beaches and sand dunes. The movement of the material is called Longshore Drift; the direction of the deposit depends on the direction of the winds.
see two piers jutting out into the Pacific. On either side of the piers are
The problem with contaminated beaches will soon take effect on everyone. The main causes that pollution creates in the beaches are from heavy rainfall, natural disasters, and plant malfunctions. Government agencies cannot control the weather, but they can control what goes into the water. In the United States, the number one reason why beaches are closed down are due to contamination in the water that may be harmful and are left untreated. The arising problem with the beach is that the industries are producing toxic chemicals and tossing the unwanted waste into the ocean. Also, the public are recklessly throwing their trash out into the streets. A prime example to demonstrate this is, if someone was trying to throw a bottle into a street trashcan but missed, he/she is unlikely to pick up after himself/herself if no one was around to see it. This scenario causes pollution to the sidewalks. When mother nature disasters occur, these waste products will end up in the storm drains and into the sewage system. The overflow of debri from the cities can flow into the rivers and if not preserved, it can flow into the ocean. The rivers will then carry these human caused waste into t...