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Effect of temperature on yeast
Cellular respiration introduction
Effect of temperature on yeast
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Introduction
Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions, in which cells of most organisms carry out to produce energy. Yeast are single-celled organisms, classified in the Fungi family, that carry out this process, converting sugar, as a source of energy, and oxygen to create adenosine tripohosphate (ATP) for other chemical reactions. If the yeast cell is in a situation when oxygen is not present, the cell will undergo fermentation, which produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol, aiding the baking of bread and making of wine.
When making bread, yeast produces carbon dioxide to allow the bread to rise. There are about 160 known species of yeast in the world, out of these species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as baker’s
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Table sugar, or sucrose, is a disaccharide that is a combination of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule. On the other hand, Sweet’N Low, also known as saccharin, is a sugar that triggers the taste buds of human tongues, but goes through the digestive system relatively untouched. Just like humans, yeast can not fully digest saccharin, so the amount of energy gained from the saccharin in decreased compared to the amount gained from sucrose. Since yeast can’t break down saccharin very well, it can’t do cellular respiration to produce the carbon dioxide that is measured for the experiment. In contrast, sucrose is made of two molecules that the yeast can break down easily. Yeast doesn’t react to how sweet the sweetener is, but the amount of energy stored within it. This experiment can be improved to further test the capabilities of yeast by adding an additional category. Changing the pH of the liquid that the yeast is in would allow us to see the effect of pH on yeast. A possible source of error is the temperature of the room. This can affect the data, and make the cold water warmer or the warm water cooler. To solve this problem, the temperature should also be measured at the 10 minute mark to see if the temperature has changed and affected the yeast’s cellular
3. The time taken for the yeast to heat up to the temperature of the
To have a control, we put 11mL of distilled water with the yeast in a fourth vial. After this, we place the top on each vial, created a seal and
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Respiration in Yeast There are two types of respiration in yeast: Aerobic: [IMAGE] Anaerobic: Glucose [IMAGE] Carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy Respiration is controlled by enzymes, which are proteins which speed up one or more biological reactions. Within any cell many chemical reactions are going on at any one time. Yeast has many different types of enzymes that speed up respiration. Prediction I predict that as temperature increases, the rate will also increase, until a certain optimum temperature, after which, the rate will decrease until the rate is zero as respiration has stopped completely. Reason
Possible improvements: If the this task were to be repeated experiments could be conducted to clarify areas of doubt by simply repeating the experiment many times, using different pH levels. The experiment could be repeated multiple with same procedure to verify the results that were collected, to check if the results are reliable and to have more confidence with the conclusion. Another improvement that could be made is improving random errors. There are lists of random errors that we made; for example the measurement of glucose and yeast
the experimenter added 5 ml of yeast suspension to each one of the ten test
The Effects of Concentration of Sugar on the Respiration Rate of Yeast Investigating the effect of concentration of sugar on the respiration rate of yeast We did an investigation to find how different concentrations of sugar effect the respiration rate of yeast and which type of concentration works best. Respiration is not breathing in and out; it is the breakdown of glucose to make energy using oxygen. Every living cell in every living organism uses respiration to make energy all the time. Plants respire (as well as photosynthesise) to release energy for growth, active uptake, etc…. They can also respire anaerobically (without oxygen) to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.
The purpose of this investigation is to test the effects of multiple sugar substances on the respiration of yeast. Most people think of yeast when they think of what makes bread rise, cheese, alcoholic beverages, or other food products. Another type of yeast can also cause yeast infections, an infection of the skin. Yeasts (Saccharomyces) are tiny, microscopic organisms with a thin membrane and are usually oval or circular-shaped. They are a type of single-celled fungi of the class Ascomycetes, capable of processing sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ; this process is known as fermentation. Fermentation and the products are the main focus points for this experiment being that cellular respiration of yeasts happens via the process of fermentation, which creates by-products of alcohol and CO2. The level of CO2 produced by the yeasts will show how effective each sugar substance is in providing cellular energy for the yeasts.
== == == = This is what I'm going to be changing in the experiment and this will be the temperature and the concentration of the yeast. There are several variables in this experiment, they are: · Amount Used - Too much or too little of the hydrogen peroxide causes the reaction to speed up/slow down producing different amounts of oxygen.
The results shown in table 1 clearly show that when the volume of yeast is increased in the milk solution, so does the rate of oxygen depletion and therefore the rate of eutrophication. It shows that when 2mL of yeast solution was added it took 32.86 minutes on average for the milk to be depleted of oxygen, while it took only 7.46 minutes on average for the 10mL of yeast to use up the oxygen present.
In our Biology Lab we did a laboratory experiment on fermentation, alcohol fermentation to be exact. Alcohol fermentation is a type of fermentation that produces the alcohol ethanol and CO2. In the experiment we estimated the rate of alcohol fermentation by measuring the rate of CO2 production. Both glycolysis and fermentation consist of a series of chemical reactions, each of which is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Two of the tables substituted some of the solution glucose for two different types of solutions. They are as followed, Table #5 substituted glucose for sucrose and Table #6 substituted the glucose for pH4. The equation for alcohol fermentation consists of 6 Carbons 12 Hydrogens 6 Oxygen to produce 2 pyruvates plus 2 ATP then finally the final reaction will be 2 CO2 plus Ethanol. In the class our controlled numbers were at Table #1; their table had 15 mL Glucose, 10 mL RO water, and 10 mL of yeast which then they placed in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius. We each then measured our own table’s fermentation flasks every 15 mins for an hour to compare to Table #1’s controlled numbers. At
Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Fermentation of Yeast To fully investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of fermentation of yeast Background Information Yeast is a single-cell fungus, occurring in the soil and on plants, commonly used in the baking and alcohol industries. Every living thing requires energy to survive and through respiration, glucose is converted into energy. There are two types of respiration available to living cells are: 1.
This lab has two sections. The first section deals with fermentation. The purpose of the fermentation lab is to alter 5 different independent variables (temperature, acid ph, alkali ph, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration), to learn about their effects on the ongoing process of fermentation.
There are hundreds of different species of yeast identified in nature, but the genus and species most commonly used for baking is Saccharomyces cereviae. The scientific name Saccharomyces cerevisiae, means 'a mold which ferments the sugar in cereal (saccharo-mucus cerevisiae) to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide'. Yeast needs energy to survive, and has a number of ways to attain that energy. Fermentation and respiration are two ways The ultimate reaction of importance in this process is the an-aerobic conversion of simple sugars to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation as shown below.
There were five test solutions used in this experiment, water being the control, which were mixed with a yeast solution to cause fermentation. A 1ml pipetman was used to measure 1 ml of each of the test solutions and placed them in separated test tubes. The 1 ml pipetman was then used to take 1ml of the yeast solution, and placed 1ml of yeast into the five test tubes all containing 1 ml of the test solutions. A 1ml graduated pipette was placed separately in each of the test tubes and extracted 1ml of the solutions into it. Once the mixture was in the pipette, someone from the group placed a piece of parafilm securely on the open end of the pipette and upon completion removed the top part of the graduated pipette.
Culture plates of yeasts strains: S41, a pet 1 and M240, conical flasks containing Yeast Extract Potassium Acetate (YEPA), Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose (YEPD) and Yeast Extract Palm Olein (YEPPO) media, pH indicator, inoculation loop, microscope, methylene blue, Bunsen burner and incubator.