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Socrates attempts to defend himself with various arguments that he presents to the courts. He begins his defense by admonishing the jury to pay close attention to the accusations brought by his accusers. They urge the jury to be careful not to be deceived by Socrates accomplished speech. Socrates reasons that if his accusers thought him to be an accomplished speaker, then they must believe he speaks the truth and would be able to sway the jury to his side. Socrates does not consider himself to be an eloquent speaker but he does admit that he is truthful. Socrates asks the jurors to listen carefully and determine whether or not he is telling the truth. Socrates admitted to the jury that he was not an accomplished speaker so his accusers have started off with a false statement against him. He wants the jury to pay attention to what he is saying and not how he says it, to determine whether he is telling the truth.
Socrates argues that his older accusers have had time to persuade the younger accusers because they have been filling their heads with lies about Socrates since they were children and now that they are adults they have the lies engrained in their heads. These accusers started spreading
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He admits that he is known for his wisdom but it is a natural wisdom and he does not proclaim to have a higher than normal wisdom that would qualify him to be an authority on any subject. This reputation came from a prophecy that his friend Chaerephon received from the oracle at Delphi. Chaerephon asked the oracle if there was anyone wiser than Socrates, and the said there was no one wiser than Socrates. Socrates did not understand why the oracle claimed he was the wisest man. Socrates questioned many men who were wiser than he was and realized that these men thought they knew everything. He realized that he was wiser than these men because he knew he did not know what he did not
Throughout all the years, he never could find anyone as wise as himself, and all he did was make enemies searching. These enemies are now his accusers, and they accuse him of spreading evil doctrines, corrupting the youth, and not believing in the Gods. Throughout the speech, Socrates continues to shoot down every accuser and it is evident that he has done no wrong. Eventually, one of his accusers states that he must be doing something strange and that he wouldnt be that famous if he were like other men. Socrates did not live a very public life unlike most people at that time.
Socrates defense at his trial was not strong enough to convince the Athenians to set him free of all charges. He was not prepared properly for his defense; yet, he managed to convince a large majority of the judges to find him not guilty of charges, but not enough to send him free.
After reading “The Apology of Socrates”, I feel very strongly that Socrates was innocent in the allegations against him. “The Apology of Socrates” was written by Plato, Socrates most trusted pupil, who in fact wrote everything for Socrates. Numerous times in his defense, Socrates points out ways that what he is being accused of is false. The point of this paper is to show how Socrates did this, and to explain how he proved his innocence by using these quotes. He uses a lot of questions to the accusers to prove his points and is very skilled in speech and knowledge. This essay’s purpose is to explain why I think Socrates was innocent, and how he proves that in his speech.
In any case of law, when considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and the system itself. In Socrates' case, the situation is no different. One may be said to be guilty or innocent of any crime, but guilt or innocence is only as valid as the court it is subjected to. Therefore, in considering whether Socrates is guilty or not, it must be kept in mind the norms and standards of Athens at that time, and the validity of his accusers and the crimes he allegedly committed. Is Socrates guilty or innocent of his accusations?
Socrates, in his conviction from the Athenian jury, was both innocent and guilty as charged. In Plato’s Five Dialogues, accounts of events ranging from just prior to Socrates’ entry into the courthouse up until his mouthful of hemlock, both points are represented. Socrates’ in dealing with moral law was not guilty of the crimes he was accused of by Meletus. Socrates was only guilty as charged because his peers had concluded him as such. The laws didn’t find Socrates guilty; Socrates was guilty because his jurors enforced the laws. The law couldn’t enforce itself. Socrates was accused of corrupting Athens’ youth, not believing in the gods of the city and creating his own gods. In the Euthyphro, Socrates defends himself against the blasphemous charges outside the courthouse to a priest Euthyphro. Socrates looks to the priest to tell him what exactly is pious so that he may educate himself as to why he would be perceived as impious. Found in the Apology, another of Plato’s Five Dialogues, Socrates aims to defend his principles to the five hundred and one person jury. Finally, the Crito, an account of Socrates’ final discussion with his good friend Crito, Socrates is offered an opportunity to escape the prison and his death sentence. As is known, Socrates rejected the suggestion. It is in the Euthyphro and the Apology that it can be deduced that Socrates is not guilty as charged, he had done nothing wrong and he properly defended himself. However, in the Crito, it is shown that Socrates is guilty only in the interpretation and enforcement of Athens’ laws through the court system and its jurors. Socrates’ accusations of being blasphemous are also seen as being treasonous.
Socrates starts by speaking of his first accusers. He speaks of the men that they talked to about his impiety and says that those that they persuaded in that Socrates is impious, that they themselves do not believe in gods (18c2). He tells the court of how long they have been accusing him of impiety. He states that they spoke to others when they were at an impressionable age (18c5). These two reasons alone should have been good enough to refute the first accusers of how they were wrong about him but Socrates went on. He leaves the first accusers alone because since they accused him a long time ago it was not relevant in the current case and began to refute the second accusers. Socrates vindicates his innocence by stating that the many have heard what he has taught in public and that many of those that he taught were present in the court that day.
The Apology is Socrates' defense at his trial. As the dialogue begins, Socrates notes that his accusers have cautioned the jury against Socrates' eloquence, according to Socrates, the difference between him and his accusers is that Socrates speaks the truth. Socrates distinguished two groups of accusers: the earlier and the later accusers. The earlier group is the hardest to defend against, since they do not appear in court. He is all so accused of being a Sophist: that he is a teacher and takes money for his teaching. He attempts to explain why he has attracted such a reputation. The oracle was asked if anyone was wiser than Socrates was. The answer was no, there was no man wiser. Socrates cannot believe this oracle, so he sets out to disprove it by finding someone who is wiser. He goes to a politician, who is thought wise by him self and others. Socrates does not think this man to be wise and tells him so. As a consequence, the politician hated Socrates, as did others who heard the questioning. "I am better off, because while he knows nothing but thinks that he knows, I neither know nor think that I know" (Socrates). He questioned politicians, poets, and artisans. He finds that the poets do not write from wisdom, but by genius and inspiration. Meletus charges Socrates with being "a doer of evil, and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the State, and has other new divinities of his own."
The accuser believes that Socrates corrupted the minds of the children by introducing new concepts. Socrates is trying to teach and involve the minds of the youth by getting them to ask questions. It is very important that people are always asking questions about why things are happening. The next question that needs to be addressed is what does not believe in the gods mean? Socrates believes in God, but that is one God that rules the world, not multiple gods who together rule.
In the Apology, Socrates was told by the Delphic Oracle that there was nobody wiser than him. With ancient Greece having been a prominent home of philosophy and art since before Socrates' time, the Athenian court found his proclamation both insulting and hard to believe. Socrates goes through great lengths to find the wisest of men and seeing if their reputations are in fact true. He hoped to find a man wiser than him to prove the oracles prediction was false, even Socrates failed to believe he was the wisest man. He first went to a man that seemed wise. After he spoke with him Plato quotes "I came to see that, though many persons, and chiefly himself, thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise."(77) With his certainty that Socrates was wiser, the man was insulted and hated Socrates for derailing his intelligence. Socrates then goes to another wise man, but is again let down. He still believes he is wiser. Convinced that he would not find a more intelligent man amongst wise men, he then questioned the more "educated people", such as poets and artisans. According to Plato, Socrates says "I imagine, they find a great abundance of men who think that they know a great...
In his defense, Socrates claims over and again that he is innocent and is not at all wise, “…for I know that I have no wisdom, small or great.” Throughout the rest of his oration he seems to act the opposite as if he is better than every man, and later he even claims that, “At any rate, the world has decided that Socrates is in some way superior to other men.” This seems to be his greatest mistake, claiming to be greater than even the jury.
Socrates starts his defense by addressing the jury and telling them that his accusers had a prepared speech, while Socrates' speech will be completely improvised. Socrates continued to further disassociate himself from the opponents by telling the jury to forgive him for his conversational tone in his speech, for that's how he best speaks. He also asks the jury to keep an open mind and not concentrate on how his defense is delivered, but the substance of his defense. Socrates tells the jury that he is not a sophist. Sophists were known for charging fees for their work, and Socrates does not charge a fee for his words. His next decides to cross-examine Meletus. Basically Socrates turns the tables on his accuser and accuses Meletus of "dealing frivolously with serious matters." Socrates says that the youth he supposedly corrupts follows him around on their own free will, because the young men enjoy hearing people and things being questioned. In this line of questioning of Meletus, Socrates makes him look very contradictory to his statements in his affidavit. Socrates then moves on to the second part of his defense. Moving on to the second charge that he does not believe in the Gods accepted ...
From the beginning of his life, Socrates had always lived a life looking for the truth in things. In this account Socrates’ companion, Chaerephon, goes to the Delphi to ask the oracle a question. He asks, who is wiser than Socrates? And the answer that was given was that Socrates is the wisest. It was believed in ancient times that a God came down from the heavens and gave answers to mortals through the oracle. This claim that Socrates is the wisest baffled Socrates and caused him to go on a life long journey to try to figure out if the Gods were actually right. The court tries to argue that this journey was Socrates’ way of trying to prove the Gods wrong and ultimately use that as Socrates doesn’t believe in the God if he is trying to prove him wrong. But in reality, Socrates was doing the exact opposite. He never had a doubt that about the Gods sincerity. But to figure what the oracle meant he had to test his way of life against other groups of people that have been said to be wise. His journey wasn’t to prove the Gods wrong but to figure out what it truly means to be wise. Socrates takes the court through his journey by explaining all three accounts of Athens’ “wisest”
There are many issues on why Socrates was found guilty but in comparison he had a very composed argument as to why he claimed his innocence.
In order for Socrates to effectively show the ignorance that is inherently apparent within the youth of society, he must first demonstrate that with age comes knowledge. Using Euthyphro as an example, Socrates first gets Euthyphro to engage in a dialogue on a subject that Euthyphro believes himself to be knowledgeable. He accomplishes this through a combination of flattery and sarcasm numerous times during the dialogue. At one point he goes so far as to say, 'Rare, friend! I think that I cannot do better than be your disciple.'; (p. 12) In doing this, Socrates builds up Euthyphro's confidence, giving him the assuredness to match wits with Socrates.
Plato’s Apology gives insight to the thoughts and workings of the brilliant mind of Socrates. Everything we know about the philosopher is through the writings and works of his students and followers (Dean, 2014). The Apology is Plato’s version of the speech Socrates gave when he was put on trial. This important piece of literature demonstrates the skill that Socrates possessed in rhetoric, examination, and improvised speech which aided him in disproving the accusations made against him.