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Critically analyse the criticism of the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
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Betty Friedan once stated, “Aging is not lost youth but a new stage of opportunity and strength.” In life, there comes a time where people undergo series of situations that lead to maturity. In the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, one of the main characters, Jem Finch, goes through this process throughout the book. The novel, set in the 1930’s, shows Jem growing up in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama. Confined to the set beliefs of the town, he learns to expand his knowledge with situations that he experiences throughout the book. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses the symbols of the tree, the gun, and the camellias, to illustrate Jem Finch’s increasing maturity throughout Part One of the novel.
Jem Scout first
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Dubose and her flowers, he understands what real courage is. After Mrs. Dubose insulted his father’s action, he “snatched my baton and ran flailing wildly up the steps into Mrs. Dubose’s front yard, forgetting everything Atticus had said...he did not calm down until he had cut the tops off every camellia bush Mrs. Dubose owned…”(Lee 137). Jem impulsively ruins Mrs. Dubose’s garden, out of revenge for what she said about his father. He believes that Mrs. Dubose is a wicked woman who has no drive in life, except to torment him and his sister. But, after he is forced to help her, he learns that there is more to Mrs. Dubose’s story. Atticus explained that she was addicted to morphine, and Jem reading to her was a key part of her rehabilitation. He then states that she had real courage, which is “When you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through, no matter what” (Lee 149). Even though Mrs. Dubose was an angry old woman, she tried her hardest to beat what she was going through. This showed Jem that courage is not a person with a gun, but rather a person who perseveres, even in fruitless attempts. In the end, Mrs. Dubose dies. Before she passes, she tells her maid to fix Jem a “gift”. Inside of the box was one of the camellias that Jem had tried to kill. After seeing this, “Jem picked up the candy box and threw it in the fire. He picked up the camellia and when I went off to bed I saw him fingering the wide petals” (Lee 149). Initially, Jem believes she did it as a “one last laugh” scenario, and it angers him, but soon he realized it is a sign of forgiveness. She forgives Jem for what he did and he has been made “pure” of it. In addition, he realizes that Mrs. Dubose had evil and goodness inside of her, which relates to the town. The town, although on the surface, is a great place, underneath it is made up of hatred and racism. It is up to Atticus, to show and teach others in the town
“Maturity is the ability to think, speak and act your feelings within the bounds of dignity. The measure of your maturity is how spiritual you become during the midst of your frustrations.” is a quote from Samuel Ullman. This describes the struggles that Jem went through by taking part in the community and trial and by also taking the risk of losing some of his friends and family in Harper Lee’s, To Kill a Mockingbird. Through Jem’s interaction with the racism of Maycomb, he became aware of the things around him. We all learn that it takes a strong person to overcome the barriers of society.
Then Scout encounters the seeming vindictiveness of Mrs. Dubose. After this she dies, Atticus explains to them how courageous the lady was because she knew she was dying but was determined to die free of morphine which had preciously controlled her. She fought against great odds, even though she knew that she would lose. The above lesser experiences prepare Scout for the greater test of Courage: the is Atticus’ fight for Tom’s life even though he knows that he will lose the case and even though he knows that he is fighting against tremendous odds. This realization forces Scout to quit fighting with her fists and try to combat others opinions with her head rather than her physical violence.
Jem's definition of bravery changes as he grows up; he gains insight and experience of the world around him. At the beginning of the story, Jem only thought of bravery as touching the side of the Radley house, only because "in all his life, [he] had never declined a dare. (pg 13)" However, as the story continues, Jem learns about courage from several events. Upon hearing about a trial where a black person's been prosecuted, Atticus decides, as a lawyer, to defend that person. Atticus chose to defend Tom Robinson, an African American, because it's the right thing to do, and no one else wanted to ,or had the bravery to. "Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try to win, (pg 76)" he said to Scout and Jem when Scout asked. Atticus was courageous for doing something just, even though it's not encouraged. Jem also learns a different kind of courage after learning about Mrs. Dubose's fight with a morphine addiction. Jem and Scout disliked Mrs. Dubose because she was quite a mean person. Later, they were glad they didn't have to read to her anymore. Atticus told Jem that Mrs. Dubose simply had her own views on things, and that her fits were from her addiction. Atticus made Jem read to her and explained, "I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway According to [Mrs. Dubose's] views, she died beholden to nothing and nobody. She was the bravest person I ever knew. (pg 112)" This is similar to Atticus's choice to defend Tom.
He would blindly do a dare not thinking of the consequence. The book states, “Jem wanted Dill to know once and for all that he wasn’t scared of anything.” Then Jem eventually touched the Radley house and ran off. He did this to show that he’s “brave”. This isn’t what courage/ bravery is to Atticus. He said, “It's when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do.” When Jem finds out that Ms. Dubose had an addiction to painkillers and she stayed clean he realized he was able to see that Ms. Dubose has
By fighting with her head, it can save Scout from a lot of trouble. One of the most valuable life lessons in To Kill a Mockingbird is about courage. Courage is not always physical, it can be mental too. After Mrs. Dubose passes away, Atticus tells Jem she was the bravest person he knew. Atticus says," According to Mrs. Dubose views, she died beholden to nothing and nobody” (page 149).
Jeremy “Jem” Finch is a leading protagonist in Harper Lee’s novel “To Kill a Mocking Bird” published in 1960. Jem matured greatly throughout the duration of the book, starting to resemble and idolize his father, achieves the status of a guardian to his sister and introduces a whole new set of ideals in his lifestyle. He embodies the themes of growth. Throughout the novel we see how perceptions of things such as courage, respect, tolerance, and cruelty changes Jem as he matures.
To Kill A Mockingbird The Maturing of Jem Finch Society is not as innocent to a child as it may appear to be. In fact, when one really understands the society in which he lives he is no longer a child. This is much the same case as found in To Kill A Mockingbird, by Leigh Harper. Although Jem, being a child at the beginning of the novel, is immature and unaware of the society in which he lives, he matures mentally to the point where he sees the evil in society and gains a knowledge of death. Like most children, at the beginning of To Kill A Mockingbird Jem and Scout are both young, play together, and have childhood monsters or fears like other children.
Jem has become victim of this through Mrs. Dubose, the Finch’s neighbor, through a period of time. After destroying her flowers and her rocking chair from his anger over what she said about his father, Jem is sent to read to her as an apology made by Atticus. While doing this, she passes away, and Jem is confused. He asks why Atticus can still call her a lady, in which Atticus retorts with “...Mrs. Dubose won, all ninety-eight pounds of her. According to her view, she died beholden to nothing and nobody. She was the bravest person I ever knew.”(Lee 93). What he means is that not everyone is all good or all bad, which Jem had yet to
To begin with, Jem and Scout determine that courage means doing what is right, even if it involves life threatening risks. In chapter eleven, Jem Finch, has ruined the patches of Mrs. Dubose’s lovely camellias. As soon as Atticus has heard of Jem’s little act of rebellion, he gives Mrs. Dubose the opportunity of deciding Jem’s punishment. Specifically, she establishes that Jem shall read to her every day after school. After Jem has finished his retribution, Atticus informs him of Mrs. Dubose’s death. As a result, Atticus speaks of Mrs. Dubose’s bravery. Jem starts to ask his father why he thinks this of Mrs. Dubose. Atticus replies, “I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It’s when you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do” (Lee 112). Accordingly, Atticus is trying to show that heroism comes from the people who do what their gut says is right, because that is courage. Mrs. Dubose wanted to die a pure woman instead of someone who had an addiction, which she successfully succeeded in. Another example of courage comes from when Atticus ta...
...y the governess brings him up, but also to “all the rest.” These equivocal words refer to the initiation to sex by the governess, which is reinforced by Mile’s pointing out that she “knows what a boy wants!” After Mrs. Grose and Flora leave Bly, the two are once again alone, faced with a tyrannical and silent environment leaving the governess thinking they epitomize “some young couple…on their wedding night.”
Jem recognizes a different perspective of bravery from Mrs. Dubose, a vile, elderly woman’s perspective. In chapter 11, Harper Lee uses literary elements such as character, conflict, and setting to establish Jem’s new outlook on life. The use of Jem’s character later leads him to recognize different points of view as he grows up. They saw Mrs. Dubose more as Tom Robinson’s case went into court.
Throughout the novel, Atticus’ assistance to Jem and Scout’s development becomes evident. Atticus takes every opportunity to attempt to teach his children the importance of having an open-mind. For instance, when Scout queries Atticus about Maycomb’s prejudice perspective, he tells her, “You never really understand a person until…you climb in their skin and walk around in it.” (Lee 30) Even during the early stages of the novel, it is apparent that Atticus endeavors to instill the values of empathy and tolerance within Jem and Scout by teaching them how to have multiple perspectives on a situation. In addition, Atticus also attempts to enlighten his children about peaceful resolution in society. For example, when Atticus is chosen to defend Tom Robinson, Atticus tells Scout, you might hear some ugly talk about it at school but…you just hold your head high and keep those fists down.”...
On the way back Atticus just walked by and told Mrs. Dubose, ? you look as pretty as a picture? Mrs. Dubose was so stunned that she could not say a word back to him. Later Jem and scout leaned how courageous Mrs. Dubose really was after Jem cut up her camellia bushes, the kids found out that she was a morphine attic brave enough to get off the drug that killed her. Atticus was incredibly courageous taking on tom Robinsons case against the prejudice of Macomb County and he shows incredible courage when he says, "Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try and won.
Jem goes through many different experiences that help with his change in character such as characterization, conflict, and point of view. First, the character of Mrs. Dubose is defined by many of her actions. Mrs. Dubose unique personality helps enhance the situation. The author hints to the readers that Mrs. Dubose isn’t a very nice neighbor.
Expressing the good and evil sides of everyone, he continued ‘…you'll understand folks better when you're older.' (16:160) Once again Atticus gives wise advice to his children regarding resolving conflict without