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Gender stereotypes in film
Gender stereotypes in film
Gender stereotypes in film
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The brain and its capacities are not only fascinating, but outrageously complex as well. There is a depth to the human psyche that is endless and full of undiscovered elements. Sounds like the perfect subject for a movie right? Psychoanalytic film theory, is the result of this fascination with the brain. Marrying the principles of psychoanalysis with the narrative art of cinema. Filmmakers can not only create stories based on psychological conditions, but use them to manipulate their audience as well. Either way, it’s crazy to think that while you’re watching a movie about a psychological topic, the filmmaker could be presenting the movie in a way that taps into your psychological perception as well. Psychoanalytic film theory and its principles, …show more content…
Visual pleasure, more formally known as “scopophillia”, is all about gaining pleasure from visual stimulus. Laura Mulvey has written many essays on this idea, especially on how it pertains to film. She argues that there is a problem with the way genders are presented in most films. That all too often men are the narrative driving protagonists of film, and women are merely sexual objects for the hero and the audience to gaze upon. She calls this the “male gaze” theory. “The power to subject another person to the will sadistically or to the gaze voyeuristically is turned onto the woman as the object of both” (Mulvey, p. 37). This interesting and unfortunately true statement, has been proven in many films. We see evidence of this in films like Rear Window, The Graduate, Transformers, and many more. Gone Girl displays some of these principles, but in an interestingly less stereotypical way. Gone Girl takes the idea of “male gaze” and turns it around. While his wife is missing, Nick has a fundraiser and television campaign, in hopes that someone will come forward with information about Amy. Throughout his efforts we see women gazing upon him. Completely ignoring the current situation, and making sexual comments toward him. They awe and gawk at him in his time of grief. Later in the film Nick and his lawyer realize they can use this to their advantage. Not necessarily in a sexual way, but rather in an empathetic sort of way. They put Nicks face all over newspapers, and go on television interviews, with the intention of portraying a likeable facade. The more that people like him, and feel sorry for him, the less likely he is to be convicted. It’s interesting that this film not only uses male gaze in a different way, but utilizes it to push forward in the
Led by Laura Mulvey, feminist film critics have discussed the difficulty presented to female spectators by the controlling male gaze and narrative generally found in mainstream film, creating for female spectators a position that forces them into limited choices: "bisexual" identification with active male characters; identification with the passive, often victimized, female characters; or on occasion, identification with a "masculinized" active female character, who is generally punished for her unhealthy behavior. Before discussing recent improvements, it is important to note that a group of Classic Hollywood films regularly offered female spectators positive, female characters who were active in controlling narrative, gazing and desiring: the screwball comedy.
...to look nice. Already early in the film, the woman is forced into a role of being looked at, pleasing to the eye, and and a view for men in the film and audience to admire.
The movie Psycho was created in 1960, and directed by Alfred Hitchcock. This film has many meaningful moments behind it, which all lead up to a shocking yet interesting twist for an ending. Many clips corresponded well with Bill Nichols thoughts, and opinions on how “Every movie is a Documentary.” By comparing both the Nichols reading, and the film Psycho, it is easy to see that this film is a wish-fulfillment documentary. This film shows what could be a scary reality in many people’s lives. It gives us examples of what could be our deepest nightmares and dreads, influences an opinion over people who have multiple personalities, and even feeds some people’s interests.
The first movie ever created was made by Louis Le Prince on October 14 in 1888, back then all movies were silent and the movie theatre was consider a simpler, cheaper way to entertain the masses. Since 1888 millions of movies have been made in every language and in every part of the world. Many of those movies have a connection with psychology and its theories, my favorite movie is The Breakfast Club which has a connection with the contact hypothesis of Gordon Allport. The Breakfast Club was made in 1985 and since then it has been used by various psychologist to explain psychology theories in a simple way.
It amuses us to watch what we know will never happen. As King had said in his essay, “The fun comes from seeing others menaced - sometimes killed,” (King, “Why We Crave” 2). Accordingly, King had proposed that “we’re all mentally ill,” and theses emotions are part of the Human Condition (1). Just as we cry to release our sadness, we also need to find a way to express our insanity. We need horror films as cathartic release to be able to be “let loose to scream and roll around in the grass” (2).
Many people enjoy a good film and at the end, they have the potential to judge the film by the content and delivery it had provided. In some films, the screenwriter chooses to portray one of the many psychological disorders. The audience of the film will try to focus on how well the disorder was portrayed and how well the movie played out. Whether the intention of the film maker was trying to expose the public about such psychological disorder or choosing to make a film based on the disorder, some viewers will argue if the film has portrayed the disorder accurately and whether the public has taken notice to the disorder. Screenwriter, Jonathan Nolan and Christopher Nolan, portrayed the psychological disorder, Anterograde Amnesia, in their film “Memento.”
Mental health and its disorders are an intricate part of the individual and society. Mental health incorporates our emotional, psychological and social well-being. Understanding human behavior and the social environment in conjunction with biological, social and cultural factors helps in diagnosing and treating individuals accurately. Film can be used to understand and visualize how mental disorders may affect one’s life. This paper examines the film “Primal Fear” and explores the character Aaron Stampler and his mental illness, reviews literature on the diagnosis given and critically analyzes the film’s portrayal of the disorder.
The idea of male gaze in cinema is best addressed by Laura Mulvey in her article “Visual Pleasures and the Narrative Cinema”. One idea she looks at is the notion that women are related to the image, and men assume the role as bearer of the look. She quotes “In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness.” The traditional exhibition role is what Sarah Polley must overcome in order to express female and national identity in a position of strength. In order to do this she must alter some the traditional constructions associated with the gaze in cinema to bring in order to critique the gaze that is male.
...ea. "Film and Mental Illness: Fetishisation, Romanticism or Misinterpretation?"Diorama. Diorama, 13 Mar. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
Kubrick’s Gaze In Laura Mulvey’s article “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” she uses the concept of scopophilia, or pleasure obtained through looking at things, to discuss the portrayal of women in film as passive sexual objects, while inferring that it is the active male “gaze” that objectifies them. Mulvey’s ideas are extremely relevant to Stanley Kubrick’s final film Eyes Wide Shut, in which the themes of sexuality and voyeurism are abundant. Gender roles are very clearly defined in Eyes Wide Shut. Men control the “gaze” and obtain scopophilic pleasure by looking at women.
The film Psycho, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, is a psychological thriller that was created in 1960. The main theme of this film revolves around psychological illnesses. The film focuses on the main character, Norman Bates, and his psychological problems which include a split personality, voyeurism, sadism, guilt and self-punishment, and anal fixation. Throughout the movie you can see Bates exhibit these traits at different points; however, some traits are not as clearly evident as others. This film takes an in-depth look at how someone who possesses a mental illness might behave or think.
As a result of observing this motion picture, I strongly feel that it expressed all of the factors involved within an abnormal psychological disorder. I myself have gained additional knowledge on just how complex is it and what an impact a mental illness can place onto ones life. It is a truly strenuous perceptual state.
Classical cinema motivates the desire to look by incorporating structures of voyeurism and narcissism into the story.
Feminism is a movement that supports women equality within society. In relation to film, feminism is what pushes the equal representation of females in mainstream films. Laura Mulvey is a feminist theorist that is famous for touching on this particular issue of how men and women are represented in movies. Through her studies, she discovered that many films were portraying men and women very differently from reality. She came up with a theory that best described why there is such as huge misrepresentation of the social status quos of male and female characters. She believed that mainstream film is used to maintain the status quo and prevent the realization of gender equality. This is why films are continuously following the old tradition that males are dominant and females are submissive. This is the ideology that is always present when we watch a movie. This is evident in the films from the past but also currently. It is as if the film industry is still catering to the male viewers of each generation in the same way. Laura Mulvey points out that women are constantly being seen as sexual objects, whether it is the outfits they wear or do not wear or the way they behave, or secondary characters with no symbolic cause. She states that, “in traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote it-be-looked-at-ness.”(Mulvey pg. 715). Thus, women are nevertheless displayed as nothing more than passive objects for the viewing pleasure of the audience. Mulvey also points out through her research that in every mainstream movie, there is ...
Feminist theory was derived from the social movement of feminism where political women fight for the right of females in general and argue in depth about the unequality we face today. In the aspect of cinema, feminists notice the fictitious representations of females and also, machismo. In 1974, a book written by Molly Haskell "From Reverence to Rape: The treatment of Women in Movies" argues about how women almost always play only passive roles while men are always awarded with active, heroic roles. Moreover, how women are portrayed in movies are very important as it plays a big role to the audience on how to look at a woman and how to treat her in real life due to the illusionism that cinema offers. These images of women created in the cinema shapes what an ideal woman is. This can be further explained through an article 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema' written by a feminist named Laura Mulvey in 1975. She uses psychoanalysis theories by Sigmund Freud to analyze 'Scopophilia' which is the desire to see. This explains how the audience is hooked to the screen when a sexy woman is present. In a bigger picture, where Scopophilia derives from, 'Voyeurism' is also known as feeling visual pleasure when looking at another. Narcissism on the other hand means identifying one's self with the role played. It is not hard to notice that in classical cinema, men often play the active role while the women are always the object of desire for the male leads, displayed as a sexual object and frequently the damsels in distress. Therefore, the obvious imbalance of power in classical cinema shows how men are accountable to moving the narratives along. Subconsciously, narcissism occurs in the audience as they ...