The data that was gained from the experiment conducted supports the hypothesis that as the alcohol concentration increases pepsin will break down protein slower. The results alone, however, can not soundly conclude that ethanol affects the process of protein being broken down by pepsin. This is because the results were collected in a school environment, with limited resources and limited time. In order to further increase the reliability of the test it would need to be done with higher quality equipment and a more mathematical method that includes the proportions of how much alcohol would be consumed in relation to protein consumed and pepsin in the stomach. Another variation that would confirm the experiments reliability would be conducting in an in vivo experiment, this would provide a more realistic environment than that of an in vitro experiment. The testing method could also be improved by using a protein indicator that is more specific. The test done supported the hypothesis but it without more experimentation and research it can not be proven.
The data showed that alcohol negatively affects pepsin as when the alcohol concentration rose, the pepsin took longer to catalyse the protein. The results for 100% ethanol showed that the pepsin was not disturbed but after testing a strip in only pure ethanol it was discovered that the ethanol bleached the strip as it came up white not the light green it should be for negative. This test suggested that the reading for 100% ethanol was disturbed and therefore could not have been used as reliable
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data. When the 100% ethanol was removed from the equation it was clear to see that alcohol retarded the pepsin activity as see in graph 2. These results align with those found in the experiment conducted by Puurunen, J who studied the effect of ethanol on peptic activity in the rat's stomach. (Niaaa.nih.gov, 2017) where he simply concludes “The activity of pepsin was inhibited by ethanol”. The experiments results agreed with those of Puurunen in vivo experiment that ethanol inhibits pepsin activity. While conducting the experiment there were many restrictions that had to be overcome. After conducting the first experiment it was clear that using small cubes of boiled egg white for the protein would not be viable as the surface area to volume ratio was too large. After this attempt more research was done and it was discovered that using albumin powder would be more effective as it would dissolve easily into the solution. During the first attempt it was also realised that timing how long the solution took to go clear would not be an accurate test and would not give reliable results. During the second test the testing method was changed to using urine strips to test how much protein was present at the end of a given time, this provided accurate results and enabled them to be graphed and compared on a scientific scale. The test was conducted 3 times and then all tests were averaged to provide one result. By doing this it improved the reliability of the results. By using a photoshop website the accuracy of the results were improved, this is because by looking at the colours digitally it provided precision and separation that the human eye could not. The experiment helped gain an understanding of the effects that alcohol has on pepsin but it did not fully replicate the real life situation that would happen when somebody drinks alcohol . In order to fully know the effects alcohol has on pepsin, the pepsin would have to be observed in vivo, which would provide true and genuine results. If the experiment were to be replicated, a second form of testing should be carried in order to see the effects that the 100% ethanol has on pepsin as testing using urine strips bleached the result. Along with this this solutions should be left to sit for longer so that pepsin has more time to break down the protein. The findings from the investigation can mostly be applied to the scientific world.
Because not very many tests have been conducted on what effect alcohol has on pepsin it is hard to definitively say that alcohol should not be consumed with high protein meal. Although with more tests and tests in live animals the results, if similar to those found in the experiment, could create new diets that keep alcohol and protein
separate.
In this scenario Mr. Abdul is at high risk of chronic alcoholism mainly causing danger to his liver due to alcohol abuse in which healthy liver cells are replaced by scar tissue. Evidence showed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] (2010) that alcoholic liver disease accounted fourteen percent of all deaths due to diseases of the digestive system and of alcoholic liver disease, more males than females died and seventy five percent majority of people aged betw...
All living units ranging from single cells and organs to entire organisms carry out homeostasis (source 1). Homeostasis refers to the ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of stability within its internal environment when dealing with external changes. It is involved in the maintenance of the constant internal environment which includes the function of kidney, liver, skin and many organs. The abuse of drugs alters the body’s internal environment, causing a response in order to achieve homeostasis, this is via negative feedback. Modern lifestyle poses many pressures on human homeostasis responses due to the use of drugs in our society. Specifically, Alcohol, and its effect on the human homeostasis responses.
Roger E. Meyer writes this article to explain the effects of alcohol and how it affects the body. Once alcohol is taken into the body it is absorbed from the stomach and the small intestine and into the bloodstream. If too much alcohol is taken in the stomach may secrete a mucous that will slow absorption. One tenth of the alcohol exits form the body as sweat or urine, as the rest is slowly broken down by the body. This article and information can be helpful to me because it will give me a background and information on alcohol and what happens when one consumes it.
Potassium permanganate test is performed to see the presence of alcohol in this experiment. Five solutions were tested and out of all of them, aqueous methanol and solutions 4 and 6 changed color during the test, meaning that those solutions contained alcohol. Fresh aqueous aspartame and water do not contain alcohol, which is why we saw no color change. Solutions 4 and 6 were hydrolyzed aspartame and diet soda, respectively, under different conditions, and methanol is a product of hydrolysis.
Jade Lim is young Asian student with little previous exposure to alcohol. After consuming one and a half Bacardi Breezer’s (1.5 standard drinks) she begins to feel nauseas and has a pulsating headache. It is important to understand the mechanism of action of ethanol in order to determine the potential effects on the patient. This report will investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ethanol.
a patient's birth defects. In other words, FAE is a less severe form of FAS.
Once ingested, food must be digested so it is available for energy and maintenance of body structure and function. Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules by decreasing secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood. In addition, nutritional deficiencies themselves may lead to further absorption problems. For example, foliate deficiency alters the cells lining the small intestine, which in turn impairs absorption of water and nutrients including glucose, sodium, and additional foliate. Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion. Decreased liver stores of vitamins such as vitamin A and increased excretion of nutrients such as fat, indicate impaired utilization of nutrients by alcoholics.
Liver disease resulting from alcohol affects more than two million Americans and is one of the primary causes of illness and death. The liver frees the body of harmful substances, such as alcohol. While the liver breaks down alcohol, it produces toxins that can be even more dangerous than the alcohol consumed (“Beyond Hangovers: Understanding Alcohol's Impact on Your Health” 13). “These by-products damage liver cells, promote inflammation, and weaken the body’s natural defenses. Eventually, these problems can disrupt the body’s metabolism and impair the function of other organs” (“Beyond Hangovers: Understanding Alcohol’s Impact on Your Health” 13).
“I brought you into this world, and I can take you out!” A child has most likely heard that phrase at some point in their life. Although, it is not ethical or legal for a mother to “take her kid out of this world”, it does bring up a good point that it was through her body, that the child was born. One of the most important responsibilities in this world is a mother carrying a child in the womb. There are many divine processes that take place during gestation, but there are also many contributing factors from the mother that can affect the developing human. These factors may include what a woman ingests and exposes her embryo or fetus to. Sadly, alcohol use during pregnancy is an ongoing problem that can have detrimental affects on the fetus, including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Choosing to drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy is a choice, a risky choice. Unfortunately some women don’t even know they are making a risky choice by consuming alcohol because it is in the early stages of pregnancy. It is common for a female to not find out they are pregnant until at least the fifth or sixth week after fertilization. In 2006, 49% of all pregnancies in the United States were reported unintended on a national survey.1 The highest rate of preventable birth defects and mental retardation is due to alcohol use.2 In this paper, I will further discuss FAS, the potential effects of binge drinking during the embryonic stage of gestation, and what actions need to be taken in order to reduce the incidences of alcohol related birth defects.
Researchers have suspected for years that chronic alcohol abuse and alcoholism can change the programming within a human brain, particularly in the regions involving judgment, and making decisions. Throughout the years we have become susceptible to alcohol, everybody in the past decades and centuries drank. As to how much they drank we don't know. Within this study of the alcohol that affects our brains scientists have stated, " Cell and animal studies have consistently indicated that changes in gene expression in the brain appear to be responsible for the...
“Teen alcohol use kills 4,700 people each year — that’s more than all illegal drugs combined” (Fitzgerald 1). Alcoholism is a serious issue in our society and causes harm to ourselves and others. In this paper the effects of alcohol, how it affects the body, why people do it, and alcoholism as a whole will be explained.
The alcohol in which Fortunato consumed had drastic affects on the physiology of his body. In general, alcohol affects virtually every cell in the human body. When it is introduced into the system through consumption, it diffuses through both the stomach and the small intestines and enters the bloodstream. The alcohol travels through the blood and is metabolized by the liver. It takes approximately one hour for one drink to be broken down by ...
In our Biology Lab we did a laboratory experiment on fermentation, alcohol fermentation to be exact. Alcohol fermentation is a type of fermentation that produces the alcohol ethanol and CO2. In the experiment, we estimated the rate of alcohol fermentation by measuring the rate of CO2 production. Both glycolysis and fermentation consist of a series of chemical reactions, each of which is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Two of the tables substituted some of the solution glucose for two different types of solutions.
Then she explained even more how alcohol can decrease your grip strength and jump height that can result in men to exercise more intense and it can affect the aerobic function. Furthermore, Thomas explains how your liver can not burn down fat is because alcohol is still in your
People started drinking alcohol socially for fun years ago, but after experiencing the effects of alcohol and with the amounts of stress people are facing nowadays; drinking alcohol became an addiction that in some cases is out of control. Alcohol is also considered a drug and it is addictive, and it has many bad effects. The main effect of drinking alcohol is causing disease; it has a lot of bad effects on an alcoholic’s human body organs and may cause death in some cases. There are other health related effects of alcohol that include: immediate effects and long term effects. As I mentioned addiction is one of the bad effects of alcohol, and it may cause people to lose family members, jobs and money if not treated. Drinking alcohol is also very dangerous for pregnant women, and has a lot of bad effects on women and their babies; some of these effects may be fatal. Withdrawal problems after quitting drinking alcohol are also bad and include symptoms like nausea, anxiety, and many more that will be discussed in the following paragraphs. The last effect of drinking alcohol that will be discussed in this essay is treatment; costs and effectiveness. Drinking alcohol affects the human body, mind and life in a very bad way, and just like drugs; alcoholics have to deal with the negative effects of drinking alcohol.