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The influence of imperialism on China
The influence of imperialism on China
Influence of Chinese imperialism
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Trade and Integration
Before Black Death swept Asia and Europe, China was the powerhouse of trade. After the initial wave of death and chaos passed new economies and systems were formed and China saw an opportunity to be in the center of trading market once again. In fact, China already believed the world revolved around them (Map of Ming). They truly believed they were the most significant mass of the world. To expand their wealth and power Ming Dynasty’s first ruler, Emperor Yongle, sent out Zheng He to increase trade and win tribute from other countries. Was Zheng He an ambassador of trade or an emissary promoting Chinese imperial interests? How was commerce linked or not linked to empire building? It’s important to understand what the role
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Zheng He was in charge of a massive fleet of 62 ships carrying 28,000 men—all of which pledged to promote the Ming Dynasty—across the Indian Ocean to make trade with and intimidate foreign countries. The sheer size of the ships spoke volumes to the foreigners Zheng He was visiting and the presence of military power only reiterated the impression that Zheng represented a powerful and wealthy country. Zheng He arrived to countries baring luxurious gifts such as silk and porcelains—again this just fueled to the image that the Ming Dynasty was a force to be reckoned with. Although Zheng He showed military power he never showed interest for territorial conquest. As Orange and Black death pointed out, this is evident from the map showing his voyages; he never went in-land. He was there to trade and making others pledge loyalty to the Ming Dynasty. Zheng He did not approach countries with conquest in mind, however he did not shy away from using force when necessary. If the quickest way to get what he wanted was to use violence He had no issue forcibly taking the commodities he sought or attacking communities that refused to pay tribute to him. Zheng He would also force leaders from other countries to visit China so they could experience the power and wealth of the Ming first hand. Tiger Traders refer to the Ming map to illustrate how the Ming saw themselves as the center of the universe; they believed everyone was subordinate to them and therefore should pledge their
On reason we should celebrate is his fleet made incredible distances and destinations, especially for the period of time he traveled in. Zheng He traveled 105,300 total miles in his life. (DOC A) One round trip from Nanjing, his home port in China, to Calicut, one of many destinations he traveled to on his voyages, was a total of 11,600 miles. (DOC A) It took 18,500 total miles to take a round trip from Nanjing to the east of Africa, which was another one of the popular ports that he traveled to. (DOC A) The distance that was
In the book, When China Ruled the Seas, Levathes talks about seven voyages made by the Chinese armadas during emperor Zhu Di's reign. Admiral Zheng was in control of many “Treasure ships”. These ships traded silk, porcelain, and many other fine goods. They sailed from India to East Africa, through Korea and Japan, and might have even traveled all the way to Australia. Levathes believes that it could have been very possible for China to have been able to create a great kingdom to rule over one hundred years before the Europeans even explored and expanded, with China's giant navy of about three thousand of these large treasure ships.
In the book, When China Ruled the Seas, Levathes tells us about seven voyages made by junk armadas during the Chinese emperor Zhu Di's reign. 'Treasure ships' as they were called, were under the command of admiral Zheng He, these ships traded silk, porcelain, and many other fine objects of value. They sailed from India to East Africa, throughout Korea and Japan, and possibly as far as Australia. She believes that China might have been able to create a great colonial realm one hundred years before the Europeans explored and expanded, from China's navy of some three thousand ships.
Zheng got government-outfitted fleets and fully sponsored resources from the Ming dynasty ruler Yongle. The same as Henry got monopolies and broad-based supports from the King Duarte I, Portuguese merchants, the Catholic Church and loyal peasants. However, the initiation behind them were different. On one hand, Zheng was a eunuch been ordered by the emperor to take voyages. He was just an official executor under the emperor’s will of consolidating his imperial power and displayed the great Chinese power. On the other hand, Henry was a prince who enjoyed more power. Unlike Zheng as a servant had lots of limitations on his actions and no independence in making decisions, Henry as a dominator had the domination to do anything he wanted. He was motivated by his own will that allowed him to do things in a more open-minded way. For example, he established navigational schools and funded private navigations, instead of personally lead those voyages as Zheng did. While Zheng have not religious reasons for sailing, Henry had strong religious aims of finding military allies to outflank the Moors by sea. In short, they had different motivations on began
Not only did he explore a variety of lands he also brought things back creating trade routes throughout Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. As Zheng He returned from his voyages he brought back goods and much tribute. We can see how Zheng He explored many lands as shown on the map in document A. We can also see that his voyages were long and did go up to 19000 miles’ roundtrip per voyage (doc A). This evidence proves that Zheng He must’ve been a good leader in order to successfully carry out 7 of these voyages and bringing back tributes like “local products, pepper, horses, and money” (doc D). This shows how the voyages actually benefited the emperor and proves that we would be celebrating something that included
...e, Europeans were finding themselves short of land and room for expansion due to numerous empires in a relatively small area. This led to the search for land. The political powers sought wealth and hoped to achieve this by conquering Asians markets as had been done in the west. Much like the political powers, the Christian church greedily sought mass expansion and conversion, pushing for missions in the foreign lands. In contrast to the Europeans motives, the reasons for Chinese commercial expansion were desires and curiosity of a single emperor in the Ming dynasty that was not pushed for by the aristocrats, church, or scholar-gentry. Whereas the general consensus of Europe pushed for expansion for economic, political, and religious reasons, the expansion was the doing of one emperor who looked for wealth for defense against the threat of the Mongols from the north.
...were known to be two of the most influencial men in terms of “sailing south”. The 14th and 15th centuries in China and Portugal represented an era of expeditions and exploration. Evidence suggests that the structures and values of a society do in fact affect the way people view economic and political expansion and contact with other cultures which can be proved by ample historical evidence. Zheng He was on these expeditions to prove to others that China had indeed regained power and that they wanted to restore tribute on those who didn’t pay it. Henry the Navigator had many intentions for his expeditions. He was eager to find new resources, establish new trade routes, and to spread Christianity. Both of China’s and Portugal’s different structures and values led to the way the two societies viewed economic and political expansion and contact with other cultures.
Timothy Brook’s book, The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China is a detailed account of the three centuries of the Ming Dynasty in China. The book allows an opportunity to view this prominent time period of Chinese history. Confusions of Pleasure not only chronicles the economic development during the Ming dynasty, but also the resulting cultural and social changes that transform the gentry and merchant class. Brook’s insights highlight the divide between the Ming dynasty’s idealized beliefs, and the realities of its economic expansion and its effects. Brook describes this gap through the use of several first hand accounts of individuals with various social statuses.
Accompanied by 27,000 men on 62 large and 255 small ships, the Chinese eunuch Zheng He, led 7 naval expeditions to Southeast Asia, Middle East and east coast of Africa in the span of 28 years during the Ming Dynasty. The scale of Zheng He’s fleet was unprecedented in world history. The large treasure ships used during the expeditions were purported to be 440 feet long and 180 feet wide (Dreyer, p. 102). Throughout his travels, Zheng He brought Chinese tea, porcelain and silk products to foreign countries and also brought back exotic goods to the Ming court such as spices, plants and leather. Although his voyages fostered commercial trades and cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, the goal of his expeditions stemmed from the political motivation to maintain the tributary system and his voyages had important political implication of causing Neo-Confucian opposition and suspension of the expedition.
The Chinese empire had once been one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the world. Before the 19th century, China had a large population and was ruled by families or dynasties. It was considered technologically advanced as China had a history of many miraculous inventions, such as: writing, magnetic compasses, movable sails, porcelain, abacus and paper money. Although China was isolated from the rest of the world, it coped well on its own, and saw no need to begin trading with the west, (as Lord McCartney proposed in 1793), since it was a self-sufficient nation. At that particular time, the Chinese empire was still able to exclude the ‘barbarians’, thus forcing them to only trade at one port. However, China soon took a turn for the worst as important ...
(www.discovery.com) By extending the Great Wall they opened China up to great expansion of trade. Trade of ideas, knowledge, and physical goods.
Prince Henry and Zheng He were the pioneers in the history of navigation, both of them had achieved their goals successfully by sailing to unexplored areas. Zheng He addressed a formal acknowledgment of Ming Dynasty to 37 countries located along seacoast such as India and Malidi. (Wolf, 2005, p. 7) Also, He brought gifts and money back into the imperial treasury and developed a channel for trading between Ming Dynasty, eastern Asia and eastern Africa.
With deserts and the Himalayas running along most of the border, it was extremely difficult to cross over one of the most dangerous mountain ranges in the world and a few other scorching deserts with the little transport they had during that time. The only way merchants could come into the country was the southeastern coast of China, where most of the prosperous cities resided. What led China to become conceited was because they had an abundance of goods that most of the world wanted. In the 1760-1830s, China was famous for its porcelain (rich Europeans loved it), silk, and of course, tea. Since this Eastern Powerhouse’s goods were so popular, therefore, there were only a few things that interested them to trade with.
First, although many historians and Chinese documents claim that Zheng He’s voyages had the main purpose of exploration, there is a plethora of proof that supports the opposite (Dreyer 28). One example is that many of Zheng He’s routes were not novel; they followed routes that were already discovered by other explorers, and only the fifth out of all seven voyages showed any signs of exploration (Dreyer 30-31). Indirect signs that point Zheng He’s motives away from exploration is the focus on pirate battles, the amount of military personnel on board, and the pride associated with battle accomplishments (Dreyer 29-33). On the other hand, Charles Wyville Thomson clearly stated the purpose for his voyage aboard the HMS Challenger: scientific exploration (Corfield 2). The HMS Challenger had specific orders “to explore the ocean and the ocean floor not just in the waters around Britain or even her imperial territories, but also across the entire world”
The purpose of this paper is to tell the history of the Ming Dynasty’s impact on the Chinese Empire, and to explain why the Chinese Empire was in fact an empire.