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“Trade’s influence on the world”
Throught the renaissance period many new ideas came about and have largely impacted our world today. During the 1400-1800s people were encouraged to have new ideas, learn about the world, invent, travel, etc. In the medieval time period prior to this many of these weren’t a main priority to Europeans. In this new age, a variety of events occurred that contributed to an impact on the world such as the Reformation of the Catholic Church, The Great Dying, etc. These events stemmed from travel, trade, new ideas, weapons, and inventions. However, trade surpasses these and drastically changed the world in this time period and left a lasting affect on our society today.
One the primary reasons why trade made a significant influence on the world was because of the discovery of silver in the Americas. This sudden supply of money caused inflation in Europe. Silver was the foundation for the world trade and financed Europe’s increasing involvement in the world economy. Conquistadors from portugal and spain exploited their colonies and made Europe very lucrative. Also, this allows to enhance trade not only in Europe, but in Asia and Africa. These Europeans countries became richer and stronger making them a larger threat to
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opposing countries. Silver’s dominance in the economy changed the world’s economy and culture. Furthermore, trade also brought a variety of diseases to the Americas and had a powerful effect on the population of the Native Americans.
These natives have never been exposed to smallpox, measles, influenza, and other illnesses common to the Europeans. Historians estimate 10 million Native Americans died from the devastating diseases. The large amount of fatalities made it fairly easy for empires to expand in the New World. A lack in manual labor forced conquistadors to bring black slaves from Africa. Scholars call this “The Great Dying” because it is one of the greatest destruction of lives in human history. The trade of diseases that came to the New World altered the landscape and environment in the
Americas. Although, one could argue travel is a superior choice because it brought religion, ideas, beliefs, expanded empires, and connected the world. Travel brought the Native Americans Christianity and some parts of Africa. Also, travelling helped countries build their empires and gain more power. Another important factor travel included was globalization, when the world became more connected and economically involved. Regardless of the effect of travel it is no match to trade’s grasp on the world. Trade changed the economy, Native American population, spread beliefs and ideas, etc. Travel had little effect on the world, but the culture of it; and trade converted it to an new environment. Ultimately, trade had an immense impact on the world in the time period rather than travel. In Summary, in this time period many things were occurring that were changing the background of the world back then and the world we know it today. As discoveries were being made and the world was learning more about itself. Globalization was changing the global economy and keeping countries more involved. All around the renaissance things where attributing to the changing world and trade was the most significant one. Trade amplified the world economy and enabled Europeans for travel, spread ideas, etc. In conclusion, trade played the biggest role in the world’s change.
Some consequences of the exchange are the spread of disease to the Native people and settlers, the destruction of the Native population, and the disappearance of the Natives custom’s, beliefs, and way of life. Columbus’s arrival to the Americas, land that had already been established by the Natives, resulted in a spread of fatal diseases. Disagreement between the Europeans and the Natives and the enslavement of Native people helped to wipe out the population. Document 5 illustrates the fighting that occurred between the Natives and Europeans.
Beginning in the fifteenth century with the arrival of Columbus, natives of the Americas were infected with European diseases that proved to be deadly to the Indians. The population in northern Mexico suffered an immense decimation of 2,500,000 peoples to less than 320,000 by the end of the sixteenth century (Vargas, 30). The Spaniards’ cruel treatment of the natives aided this vast reduction in the Aztec and Mexican population, enabling the Spaniards to conquer the lands of the Aztecs and other native tribes. By the end of the sixteenth century, the Spaniards had expanded their conquests into the southwest region of what is now known as the United States of America.
“As European adventurers traversed the world in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries they initiated the “Columbian Exchange” of plants, animals, and diseases.”(P. 26). The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. The exchange of plants, animals, diseases and more modernized technology, beginning after Columbus landing in the Americas in 1492. It lasted through the fifteenth and sixteenth century. Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, sheep and pigs were introduced to the Americas. The Americas introduced to Europe many new crops such as potatoes, beans, squash, and maize. In time Native people learned to raise European livestock and European and Africans planted American crops. This was the positive effect of the encounter and it was largely responsible for the doubling of the world’s population in the next three hundred years. There were also many negative effects to the “Columbian Exchange” A major consequence was the spread of disease in the New World. Diseases carried by Europeans and Africans devastated the population of the Americas. As Europeans traveled through the Americas epidemics came with them. Typhus, diphtheria, malaria, influenza, cholera, and smallpox killed many of the native people. One example was
The Columbian exchange was the widespread transfer of various products such as animals, plants, and culture between the Americas and Europe. Though most likely unintentional, the byproduct that had the largest impact from this exchange between the old and new world was communicable diseases. Europeans and other immigrants brought a host of diseases with them to America, which killed as much as ninety percent of the native population. Epidemics ravaged both native and nonnative populations of the new world destroying civilizations. The source of these epidemics were due to low resistance, poor sanitation, and inadequate medical knowledge- “more die of the practitioner than of the natural course of the disease (Duffy).” These diseases of the new world posed a serious
The Spread of Disease In the New World The extraordinary good health of the natives prior to the coming of the Europeans would become a key ingredient in their disastrous undoing. The greatest cause of disease in America was epidemic diseases imported from Europe. Epidemic diseases killed with added virulence in the " virgin soil" populations of the Americas. The great plague that arose in the Old World never emerged on their own in the western hemisphere and did not spread across oceans until Columbus' discovery.
While the Europeans were traveling to the New World, they often brought domesticated animals with them for sources of food and livestock. When animals and humans are living in close quarters together, it is very likely for exposure to germs to occur. New diseases were brought over by foreigners looking for fame and gold that killed off many of the natives in the new lands. The natives did not stand a chance against these new threats because of a lack of knowledge and supplies to cure themselves. Once the Europeans established diseases as they made land in the New World, their journey had only become easier as their competition were being wiped out from the rapid spread.
During the time period 1450 to 1750, the world went through major changes and developments. Nomadic power declined, and European Kingdoms became world powers. A world trade network was set up as contact amongst nations increased immensely. A population boom occurred throughout the world. Many civilizations that were once isolated were brought into the world economy.
...at disease killed in the tribes, but in reality the diseases helped control the Native American population and enabled better and freer lives for the Natives that lived on. All animals brought across the Atlantic greatly helped the economies and daily lives of the people of the New World.
In this case, diseases were unknowingly exchanged with commodities causing harm to both parties. An epidemic of syphilis swept across Europe, while smallpox and measles wiped out masses of Native Americans. Disease was the leading cause in Native American deaths during the European colonization, killing off around 90% of the population. It was far deadlier than any musket or cannon. With most of the indigenous population crippled by disease, Europeans were able to easily conquer them and acquire new territories to expand westward. The second largest factor contributing to the conquest of the west was the difference between a musket and an arrow. The biggest difference between them was that an untrained gunman would be far more effective than an untrained bowman. Muskets could be mass produced and put into the hands of anyone and they could wield it with general ease. Within a century of Columbus 's arrival, Native Americans had almost gone
That all changed, however, when European explorers, Spanish conquistadors in particular, unknowingly brought the deadly disease of smallpox into Latin America. A recollection of days before the Spanish by an Indian of the Yucatan from the book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel shows just how disease free natives were before the Spanish arrival: “There was then no sickness; they had no aching bones; they had then no high fever; they had then no smallpox; they had then no burning chest; they had then no abdominal pain; they had then no consumption; they had then no headache. At that time, the course of humanity was orderly. The foreigners made it otherwise when they arrived here.” Then, after the Spanish came to the New World and spread smallpox to the natives, over 95% of them were killed.
The Effects of Colonization on the Native Americans Native Americans had inherited the land now called America and eventually their lives were destroyed due to European colonization. When the Europeans arrived and settled, they changed the Native American way of life for the worse. These changes were caused by a number of factors including disease, loss of land, attempts to export religion, and laws, which violated Native American culture. Native Americans never came in contact with diseases that developed in the Old World because they were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe when ocean levels rose following the end of the last Ice Age. Diseases like smallpox, measles, pneumonia, influenza, and malaria were unknown to the Native Americans until the Europeans brought these diseases over time to them.
The Renaissance, which began in Italy in the 1300s, was one of the largest periods of growth and development in Western Europe. Navigation was no longer limited to traveling about by land. Large fleets of ships were constructed, and great navigational schools, the best founded by Prince Henry the Navigator in Portugal, were founded. People were no longer tied to the lands they lived on, as they were in medieval times. They were freer to learn new skills and travel. These enabled people to go further than they had before. Fleets of ships were sent to the Eastern world to bring back treasures and valuable spices. Routes to Asia were traveled beginning in the early Renaissance.
The very existence of the Europeans posed a threat to livelihood of the natives. They had a disease called smallpox which the natives did not have an immunity to. The disease was a plague among the natives very rapidly. When the Spaniards fought and temporarily left Tenochtitlan, many Aztecs died due to the smallpox of the Spaniards as recorded by Miguel Leon-Portilla (Doc. 4). When the Europeans learned of how their disease was affecting the natives, the Europeans took advantage and used it to kill natives that were in places of possible settlement. Geoffrey Cowley gives some modern statistics of just how many natives died. In Mexico alone from 1519 to 1568 the native population dropped from about 30 million to 3 million (Doc. 6). The disease brought horror to the New World but did manage to clear the way for many colonies for the Europeans. Sadly these colonies were built because there were no natives to stop them after they were
The Europeans were facing overproduction and under consumption. This led to a need for new markets and need for new consumers. They were also in need for raw materials. Materials such as tin, rubber, gold, oil, copper, and cotton. Some nations had these resources easily available. This interested the strong and powerful nations who were lacking these materials.
The Renaissance was a time when trade flourished greatly and trade was spread all over the world. Trade reached its peak during the 1400s and 1500’s. Different trade routes connected different places. Merchants were able to trade luxury goods such as silk and spices on these trade routes. There became a difference in rich and poor merchants, causing more ways of trade. International trade impacted the economics of Early Modern Europe by introducing different goods, new ways and techniques of trade, and more job opportunities.