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Essay on history of venezuela
Essay on history of venezuela
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In 1535 the Spanish conquistadors start to colonize the area of Venezuela. In the 1700s Spain decided to combine Venezuela with the countries around out and formed them into a large colony called Viceroyalty of New Granada. The Viceroyalty of New Granada consisted of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. In 1810 the king of Spain was overthrown by Napoleon and the territories within the Viceroyalty of New Granada set up their own governments. 1811 was the year that Venezuela declared its independence from Spain. The official date being July 5th, 1811, however Spain didn’t recognized Venezuela’s independence until 1821 after the war between Spain and the territories after an uprising. In 1831 General Joe Antonio Paez became the first official
president of Venezuela. Between 1908 and 1935 Venezuela became one of the world’s largest oil exporters under the dictator Juan Vicente Gomez. In 1958 Jimenez was forced into exile leading towards the Venezuelan democracy. Afterwards Leftist Romulo Betancourt was elected president and he oversaw the first democratic civilian transfer of power. 1989 Carlos Andres Perez is elected president. In 1998 Venezuela elected Hugo Chavez as elected as president. 1999 Venezuela adopted the constitution that they are still using today. In 2001 Venezuela’s government decided to make a new law requiring PDVSA (the state petroleum company) to hold a majority in all upstream oil projects. 2002 a strike was started political chaos within PDVSA. In 2004 the voters defeated the effort to recall Chavez by a wide margin. In 2006 Chavez was re-elected to a new six-year term as president. In 2007 the president suffered his first electoral defeats in referendum changing dozens of articles in Venezuela’s constitution. In 2010 the congressional elections lead to significant gains for the opposition. In 2012 Chavez is re-elected again for president, however less than a year later Chavez died of cancer. In 2013 Nicolas Maduro was elected president.
Don Simon Bolivar wrote a letter, which is known as La Carta de Jamaica, to an uncertain person but many believe it was the English Governor of Jamaica. The letter was dated September 6, 1815 and confirmed the revolutionary figure’s commitment and determination to rid latin American from the bonds of the Spanish Empire. Throughout his letter, Bolivar criticized spanish colonialism and called for unification and opposition against foreign rule. This was before Argentina, Chile, and Peru were liberated from the Spanish Conquistadores. However, Simon Bolivar was able to free his home country Venezuela from the Spaniards in 1811, but he knew that there was more he can do to help the other countries under Spanish rule. However, Bolivar also understood that uniting such countries could be difficult for many reaso, but th most difficult obstacle Bolivar had to overcome the fact he had been exiled. Banished, yet determined,
In Symcox and Sullivan’s Christopher Columbus and the Enterprise of the Indies, another side of not only Columbus but also his peers is brought to light. I have never read anything written by Columbus’s contemporaries before reading this book, so it gave me some refreshing insight as opposed to the repetitive glamorized content in high school textbooks. I also appreciate how legal documents such as the Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal are included because they give a sense of what else was going on during the time that Columbus was going on these voyages.
The passage from Bernal Díaz del Castillo’s The True History of the Conquest of New Spain is a clear example of a narrative source. Díaz is presenting his personal account of Hernan Cortes’s expedition into Tenochtitlan. An interesting aspect of this narrative is that it was written almost 50 years after the events described occurred . Bernal Díaz del Castillo was only 24 years old when on November 8, 1519 he and the rest of Hernán Cortés’s expedition first entered the city of Tenochtitlán . He did not finish his account, titled The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, which many suspect was intended as a slight to Francisco López de Gómara’s accounts of the expeditions , until 1567 . This was not his first travel to the New World, in fact, it was his fourth . Díaz del Castillo was 19 years old the first time he traveled to the Americas, this time was to Panama . Díaz later became a governor in Guatemala, mostly as a reward for his actions as a conquistador . The event that is commonly seen as spurring the not-well-educated Bernal Díaz del Castillo to write of his experiences with Cortés was the publication of Francisco López de Gómara’s Coleccion de historiadores primitivos de las Indias Occidentales, which Díaz saw as seriously flawed and underappreciating the work of the conquistadors . The book this passage comes from languished on shelves until it was published in 1632, posthumously .
Colonization in Latin America had a major effect on the Americas because the Aztecs died of the disease that the Europeans brought over though the Columbian Exchange. Since the Aztecs could not do much about the diseases that were spreading a lot of them began to die. The evidence from the pictures show that the Columbian Exchange took place during the 16th century. (doc 1). A lot of the Aztecs got sick and died. People could not do much about the diseases because they did not know what kind of disease it was. The Aztecs were also not immune to any of the disease that were spreading. Those are some reasons why the colonization in Latin America had a major effect on the Natives.
The Conquest of New Spain Cortés came not to the New World to conquer by force, but by manipulation. Bernal Daz del Castillo, in the "Conquest of New Spain," describes how Cortés and his soldiers manipulated the Aztec people and their king Montezuma from the time they traveled from Iztapalaopa to the time when Montezuma took Cortés to the top of the great Cue and showed him the whole of Mexico and its countryside, and the three causeways which led into Mexico. Castillo's purpose for recording the mission was to keep an account of the wealth of Montezuma and Mexico, the traditions, and the economic potential that could benefit Cortés' upcoming conquest. However, through these recordings, we are able to see and understand Cortés' strategy in making Mexico "New Spain." He came as a wolf in sheep's clothing and manipulated Montezuma through his apparent innocence.
The history of Puerto Rico under Spanish rule is one of European exploitation of non white peoples for the purpose of economic gain. The ‘discovery’ made by Columbus in 1492 had a great impact on the highly competitive countries in Europe who saw, in lands like Puerto Rico, the possibility of prosperity and advancement. More than hoping to spread their influence or religion, Europeans wanted to take advantage of the lands and resources which seemed unused. Actually the lands were being used quite successfully, but in unfamiliar ways which did not concern many Europeans. With little regard for the native people, Europe began conquering the eastern hemisphere in the name of colonization. Areas which had only known one race for centuries were flooded with people from all over the world seeking money and status. As the stakes grew, and select people and countries heavily prospered off their colonies, ethical and moral restraint declined. The result was a world filled with a diverse group of races, extreme distinctions in class differences, and mixing of culture. This was the case for Puerto Rico, which was just as much affected by colonialism as other areas, but has certain qualities which make the Puerto Rican identity unique.
The history of early colonization and settlement revolves predominately around the British and Spanish colonies. Settlers from these colonies crossed over to America for various reasons and understandings that helped mold America as we know it today. Both the British and the Spanish colonies had historically elaborate, unique cultures. Within both of these colonies, they both had many different advantages and disadvantages that people categorize them for today. Spanish and British settlers both had very different motives and reasons for colonization. The Spanish settlers main purpose was to hunt and collect for gold and silver for immediate profit, as well as to convert natives to the catholic faith and set up assignments and missions. while the Spanish colonies were working on their intention and ideas, the British settlers were thinking about long term opportunities and wanting to settle in the land. Both the Spanish and the British settlements have developed many national trademarks that still remain to this day. Even though both civilizations had many similarities, The British and Spanish colonies did not settle in the same manner because of different beliefs, goals, and lifestyle.
Following Spain and Portugal's first efforts to claim the "New World" for their own, England, France and the Netherlands establish colonies throughout North America, predominantly seeking economic wealth and opportunities with occasional religious intentions. While the Spanish savagely plunder the riches of the natives to satisfy their own greed in this newly untapped world, the English, French and Dutch pursue a seemingly less violent approach through lucrative trade and establishing colonies, to meet their own intentions. In the northern regions of North America (what is today Canada) and the southeast (what is now Florida) occurred the beginning of French and Native American interactions for trade. On the Atlantic coast of what is today much of the Northeastern United States lies the English colonies that dominate their focus on producing tobacco and trading goods for luxurious furs. While there is the presence of a Puritan society that hoped for religious tolerance within the Massachusetts Bay colony, this was one of the few exceptions among the English settlements. In New Amsterdam, a Dutch colony in present day New York, lies a trading and farming community that is solely there to claim a stake in the "New World". Representing Spain, Columbus establishes a gold seeking society motivated in finding riches. As European countries settled vast expanses of territory through North America, each nation shows their desires for economic gains and a presence in the Americas.
On July 14th, 17189, a shot was heard around the world: the Bastille had been stormed. Propelled by Enlightenment ideas, a rigid class system, and resentment with the monarchy, on this day the French decided to take matters in their own hands. In the next three years, the French overthrew their monarch and established a government and constitution that promised equal rights for all. As the saying goes, history repeats itself. So was the case in Latin America. By 1810, revolutionary fervor had spread to Venezuela. The revolution here was caused by similar reasons. As a colony of Spain, Venezuela did not have a representational government or equality for all its citizens. Peninsulares, or European-born Spaniards, held all the important governmental positions. Like the nobility in France, Peninsulares did not have to pay taxes. Their children (as long as they were also born in Europe), had many educational opportunities. Below the peninsulares were the creoles, or Venezuelans of Spanish descent. Creoles owned much of the land, but they were considered inferior to the peninsulares. Like the bourgeoisie in France, creoles had to pay high taxes and were subject to strict regulation. Creoles were disappointed in what they saw as social and political inequality, and desired to obtain self-representation in the government. At first hesitant, creoles declared their independence amid the weakening of the Spanish crown and the spread of the Enlightenment ideas. The Venezuelan Revolution was influenced by the French Revolution by the spread of Enlightenment ideas, social inequality, the discontent of creoles, and their desire to gain independence from France and form a new democratic government.
Venezuela was one of the richest countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Ecuador). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Current concerns include: a polarized political environment, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.
In the early sixteenth century, European nations such as Portugal, Spain, and France became the most powerful and dominant countries in the world. Although not the most powerful, England like the other countries also followed this trend of exploring across the Atlantic Ocean. These nations believed that colonization of the Atlantic World would increase the territorial expansion, economic and political prosperity, trade and profit. With the same idea in mind the European nations that explored the Atlantic sought different routes. The Portuguese turned toward Africa, the Spanish explored Central and South America, and the English and French focused on the North Atlantic. Through colonization these countries successfully found their riches.
Throughout the fourteen years that remained in power Chávez followed strategy of introducing a socialist government in Venezuela in stages. According to Enrique Standish in the article titled “Venezuela Finally Turns Communist” it happened in four stages. The first stage consisted of obtaining t...
Scholars have debated not only the nature of Iberian colonialism, but also the impact that independence had on the people of Latin America. Historian Jaime E. Rodriguez said that, “The emancipation of [Latin America] did not merely consist of separation from the mother country, as in the case of the United States. It also destroyed a vast and responsive social, political, and economic system that functioned well despite many imperfections.” I believe that when independence emerged in Latin America, it was a positive force. However, as time progressed, it indeed does cause conflict.
Section A: Plan of Investigation The main focus of this study is going to be the process of colonization of the Philippines and how the Spanish colonized the Philippines, primarily focusing on the customs and cultures. The pre-colonized and post-colonized Philippines will be discussed and compared with one another to determine the degree of change that occurred with the Filipino culture. The analysis of the information will explain how events that followed colonization erased aspects of the Filipino culture. Much of the information provided will be mainly a collection of scholarly books that describe the Filipino colonization in a contemporary perspective, such as Dolan and Francia.