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Cherokee tribes in North America
How europeans impacted native american cultures
Cherokee tribes in North America
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When the earliest explorers came to America, wherever they settled, they always influenced the culture of most native people. Cherokees like any other natives had their own culture and lived in an organized lifestyle. Early before the whites came, the Cherokees used to have a culture well organized that governed their aspect of life. Also, despite the white man’s influence, Cherokees had a form of education, language, economy, political systems and a lived in a geographical locality. The widespread impact of the white man prompted the Cherokees to change and integrate their lives to that of the white man. They did it by only adopting those elements that complimented their previous way of life. The Cherokees changed the following aspects of …show more content…
their culture; education, language, economic activities, embraced technology, political system, way of worship and the geographical location. Education In an aim to restore the fate of the Indians system of education, the federal government took responsibility to build up schools and offer health services.
The education provided was used as a means to change the people's way of thinking and change their ways of life. Previously it was intended to bring a shift of the people from being hunters and gathers to being farmers. The government later introduced policies that offered conditional land surrender in exchange for an education. Regardless of the Cherokee not embracing the new regime their education system was improved, and it expanded rapidly. To showcase the new regime, they started to publish newspapers and books in the native language. A Cherokee nation established institutes of higher education and some elementary schools. Due to its literacy expansion, it gained a remarkable education system, it was envied by many forcing even the whites around the area to take their children in Cherokee schools. To deal with the new form of education of the native loyalists, Cherokee, especially those from the British traders and Cherokee women refused to take their children to the existing schools such as to the mission …show more content…
schools. Shift from tradition to Christianity. To make the native more civilized, the government sent missionaries to the Cherokee Nation. The missionaries built schools so that they can induce changes to the younger generation. As soon as they came into the daily encounter with the missionaries, the Cherokees slowly started to adopt some aspects of Christianity from the missionaries. After a while, the Missionaries succeeded in transforming the younger generations. Those educated regarded the old traditions as old-fashioned ways. In a belief that this new religion would help them to become more civilized and would make them superior to their elders the following generation adopted it. In 1800 almost all the Cherokees had accepted the Christians’ strong wish to build a school. Having their tradition to follow, Cherokees for many years stayed uninterested in being associated with Christianity (Perdue & Green,2005). Language The Cherokee people, early before the white man invasion, had an immense language that had a command of their lives.
Their language made it easier to accept traditions and be unified at all times. It is also at this point where the Cherokees syllabary was invented by Sequoyah. This syllabary enabled them to read and write their language with ease. It is through this syllabary that Sequoyah was able to transform the Cherokee from a native oral culture into a literary culture that can read and write. This introduction made it possible for the writing of a Constitution and publishing of newspapers. Cherokee Phoenix, a newspaper was then published in Cherokee Native
language. Politics Humans, despite their level of civilization saw the need to have laws that would govern the way they interacted with one another. Cherokee also had an established form of government. They had oral law suits that were well known by the community and the members of the tribe. Their laws were on a foundation of ideals perseverance and sacrifice which were not documented. Some of these rules governed marriage, conflict resolution, and wars. Despite having no judicial system, the community acknowledged what was right and wrong in the community. On the other side, the whites had a concrete documented form of laws which they used to the advantage of the Cherokees who had nothing to show as evidence of their laws and rights. As they interacted with whites, Cherokees realized that to protect their nation they had to transform their governance. With the urgent need to maintain sovereignty and adjust to the white’s way of ruling they developed stronger, unifying form of government. In a means to solidifying their rule, an English legal code was written and made official in 1808. The Cherokee existing laws were not that much evolving to precisely eliminate the white from controlling their rights and land. To curb this, they opted for a constitution, which was similar to that of the Americans in 1927. The newly written constitution declared Cherokee as a nation by itself, distinct from that of Americans .it also gave them rights distinct from that of the American Constitution. Further, in 1829, Cherokee brought into existence the law of death penalty. The law barred grabbing of lands without permission. Despite this law being in place the white still held land from the blacks. The holding of the property contributed to the adoption of a centralized government. By 1827, they had adopted, a copy of Americans government and had divided it into bicameral legislative bodies of the state. In the formation of this form of government, the Native Americans did not accurately imitate that of the Americans because they had in mind the need to protect their nation whose land was being bought by the whites. By concentrating the power under one single authority, they only gave officials authority to sell the property. Purposely motivated the Cherokee leaders were trying to ensure their Nation’s survival. Economy Cherokee inhabitants used to sell and buying to obtain goods that they fell short of from nearby existing native tribes. They also had a sustained economy boosted by agriculture that continuously supplied their food demands. They also supplemented their food needs through hunting activities by 1835, Cherokee communities had farms under crop production mostly corn this is an indicator to confident that Cherokee had a real working economy. When the whites came, they started to interfere with the land lowing the economy of the Cherokee nation. Geography Cherokees initially inhabited large portions of land in the United States. They covered most areas of Arkansas, Tennessee, and Georgia. During rivalry French and the Indian wars of (1756-63) together with outbreaks of diseases, the Cherokee large population was reduced. Their reduction in numbers resulted in them being evicted and displaced to other areas. Their cut in numbers made them vulnerable to the white who forced them to move further from their original lands. As discussed above Cherokee adapted to white culture in several ways, such as they adopted the same type of clothing, adopted Christianity, did farming and kept livestock, had their written language and a written Constitution that guided them.
In the 1830's the Plains Indians were sent to the Great American Deserts in the west because the white men did not think they deserved the land. Afterwards, they were able to live peacefully, and to follow their traditions and customs, but when the white men found out the land they were on were still good for agricultural, or even for railroad land they took it back. Thus, the white man movement westward quickly begun. This prospect to expand westward caused the government to become thoroughly involved in the lives of the Plains Indians. These intrusions by the white men had caused spoilage of the Plains Indians buffalo hunting styles, damaged their social and cultural lives, and hurt their overall lives. The lives of the Plains Indians in the second half of the nineteenth century were greatly affected by the technological development and government actions.
They learned to be humble and obedient by doing jobs nobody else wanted to do like digging canals, and sweeping the temples. Religion The Cherokee religion was polytheistic (meaning many gods). They had a god for pretty much anything you can think of. Their main god was the god of the sun. Their philosophy was be good to the earth and it will be good to you.
In the early nineteenth century during the presidency of Andrew Jackson and the debate of the Indian Removal Bill came one of the most important accomplishments of the Cherokee Nation, their own newspaper written in their own language. This experiment in Indian journalism began on February 21, 1828 in the Cherokee capital of New Echota. The paper employed a minimum staff of three to four people throughout its duration, often dismissing and rehiring printers. However, the most noteworthy of these were the people who first employed by the paper: journeyman printer John F. Wheeler, printer Isaac Harris, and editor Elias Boudinot. These men helped to further Cherokee nationalism by using a simple syllabery script, developed by a mixed blood Cherokee named Sequayah, that allowed the Cherokee language to be written.
The Cherokees lived in the valleys of rivers that drained the southern Appalachians (Perdue, 1). The British first came into Cherokee country in 1700. They came for two major reasons: deerskins and war captives. They brought guns and ammunition, metal knives, hoes, hatchets, fabrics, kettles, rum, and trinkets. They took the Cherokee and made them slaves. The British built two forts to protect the Cherokees while they were fighting the enemies of the British. The Cherokees entered the French and Indian War on the side of the British (Perdue, 6). Attacks on Cherokees by white frontiersmen and duplicity by colonial officials caused the Cherokees to shift their allegiance to the French. During the war, the British destroyed many Cherokee towns.
Prior to 1830 the Cherokee people in the Southern states were land and business owners, many owned plantations and kept slaves to work the land, others were hunters and fishermen who ran businesses and blended in well with their white neighbors, but after Andrew Jackson took office as President, the government adopted a strict policy of Indian removal, which Jackson aggressively pursued by eliminating native American land titles and relocating American Indians west of the Mississippi. That same year, Congress passed the Indian R...
People have been living in America for countless years, even before Europeans had discovered and populated it. These people, named Native Americans or American Indians, have a unique and singular culture and lifestyle unlike any other. Native Americans were divided into several groups or tribes. Each one tribe developed an own language, housing, clothing, and other cultural aspects. As we take a look into their society’s customs we can learn additional information about the lives of these indigenous people of the United States.
There are consistent patterns or themes regarding Native American world views and the differentiation of cultural elements and society. Native Americans retained control of institutional and cultural orders against the assimilation effort because all aspects of Native American societies are interrelated, guided by the broader cultural world views. Each cultural or institutional element is, in fact, overlapped with other elements, so change in one element inevitably affects the broader cultural and social complex. While adopting to a new environment and small changes was possible in the West, where social and cultural elements are separate from each other, Native Americans were faced with conflicts and a potential, large disruption of the existing social orders.
Natives were forcefully removed from their land in the 1800’s by America. In the 1820’s and 30’s Georgia issued a campaign to remove the Cherokees from their land. The Cherokee Indians were one of the largest tribes in America at the time. Originally the Cherokee’s were settled near the great lakes, but overtime they moved to the eastern portion of North America. After being threatened by American expansion, Cherokee leaders re-organized their government and adopted a constitution written by a convention, led by Chief John Ross (Cherokee Removal). In 1828 gold was discovered in their land. This made the Cherokee’s land even more desirable. During the spring and winter of 1838- 1839, 20,000 Cherokees were removed and began their journey to Oklahoma. Even if natives wished to assimilate into America, by law they were neither citizens nor could they hold property in the state they were in. Principal Chief, John Ross and Major Ridge were leaders of the Cherokee Nation. The Eastern band of Cherokee Indians lost many due to smallpox. It was a year later that a Treaty was signed for cession of Cherokee land in Texas. A small number of Cherokee Indians assimilated into Florida, in o...
In the late 1800s, the United States proposed an educational experiment that the government hoped would change the traditions and customs of Native Americans. Special schools were created all over the United States with the intention of "civilizing" Native youth. This paper will explore the history and conditions of Native American boarding schools and why they were ultimately unsuccessful.
...enefitted them more than if they did stay. The whites wanted the Cherokee land and would take it by force if they had to. On their own, the Cherokee would not have been able to survive with their outdated methods of living which was inefficient. The Cherokee living among the whites would not have turned out well since the whites did not associate and relate themselves to the Cherokee which created conflict and rivalry between both groups. Since the takeover of Cherokee land seemed inevitable, the Cherokee should have accepted relocating and adopted the ways of the white people. The Cherokee should have realized that the whites were a flourishing powerhouse in comparison.
Folklores are stories that have been through many time periods. Folklore include Legends, Myths, and Fairy Tales. Legends are traditional tales handed down from earlier times and believed to have a historical basis. Myths are ancient stories dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes. Fairy Tales are fantasy tales with legendary being and creators.
Amazingly, although they adopted “white culture” they still managed to maintain their ancestor’s language and spiritual beliefs for the most part. Undoubtedly the Cherokees went above and beyond the goals proposed by the “civilization policy. In the book, Life After the Trail of Tears: The Cherokee Struggle for
Historian Richard White put it the best when he said ““The Cherokee are probably the most tragic instance of what could have succeeded in American Indian policy and didn’t. All these things that Americans would proudly see as the hallmarks of civilization are going to the west by Indian people. They do everything they were asked to do except one thing. What the Cherokees ultimately are, they may be Christian, they may be literate, they may have a government like ours, but ultimately they are Indian. And in the end, being Indian is what kills
The Cherokee lived in the present day United States of America hundreds of years before its occupation by the Europeans. History proclaims that members of this community migrated from the Great Lakes and settled in the Southern Appalachians. When the Europeans started settling down in America, the Cherokee decided to co-exist peacefully with her foreign neighbors. The Cherokee lands consisted of Alabama, parts of Virginia, Kentucky, North and South Carolina and Georgia.
Native Americans, namely the Cherokees, had been living on the lands of the eventual Americas without European contact for years until the 1700s. After contact was made and America had gained freedom, people like President Andrew Jackson, believed that the Cherokees should be removed from the land that was rightfully the United States’. President Jackson even hired Benjamin F. Curry of Tennessee to help with the removal of the Cherokees from east of the Mississippi River. Curry believed that his job was to try to drive the Cherokees to either want to leave without a second thought or sign a treaty agreeing to America’s terms. Curry’s actions led to the natives of the Cherokee nation’s objections of being removed so miserably. Many complained about how their significant others or children were either forcibly removed or held to get the natives to agree to leave. Some of the natives decided that they would try to fight their way out of being removed, but some, like Rebecca Neugin, a member of the Cherokee nation’s father were persuaded not to resist so that they or their families would not be harmed more than necessary. When some of the Americans, like Evan Jones, saw this, they tried to spread awareness of how the Cherokees were being treated,...