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In what ways did geography influence the historical development of civilizations
How did geography and environment affect the development of civilization
In what ways did geography influence the historical development of civilizations
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The fourth factor is steel. Steel was able to help develop and destroy civilizations. Geography determines the climate and the ability to have a surplus of food, it also determines the types of available natural resources. There are five requirements to make steel, you need to have a large quantity of iron ore, carbon-rich forests or just carbon, ability to have a long-lasting fire that can burn for days and you need specialists. To have specialists, you need to have a stable food supply so that people can focus on developing. The people of Europe were able to create steel because of geography. Other civilizations had all the right natural resources to create steel, but either their climate or their food supply prevented them from creating …show more content…
Many inventions would not have been possible without steel. For example, the printing press, trains, tracks, weapons such as guns, cannons, swords, armor, ships or warships and more. Steel can be used to transport supplies and natural resources that can be used to help the civilization develop and help build empires. On the other hand, it can be a deadly technology, for example the conflict between the the Spanish soldiers and the Incan empire. Like many European civilizations, Spain had steel and the Incan Empire on the West coast of South America didn’t. The only reason why the Incas didn’t have steel was because they didn’t have iron ore in the region. Because of this, the Spanish Conquistadors that consisted of less than 200 men were able to decimate and conquer the whole empire of hundreds of thousands on their own. Because of the European imperialistic ambitions, the region is behind in development because of being conquered for many years. Because of the geography of the Europeans continent, there are many civilizations jostling for power and …show more content…
Geography is the reason for this inequality because it has given civilizations advantages over other civilizations. Some civilizations were able to develop faster than others which resulted in the decimation of other civilizations and the appropriation of their resources which caused civilizations to be behind in development. The advantages helped civilizations develop, increase their wealth and their military might. The civilizations that had disadvantages were easier for the more advanced cultures to conquer.The four factors agriculture, domesticated animals, germs and steel have made a great impact on the development of civilizations. The people in places like Eurasia were very lucky to be geographically located where they could have good crops and with productive domesticated animals were able to grow a surplus of food. The people in places like Papua New Guinea were not so lucky since they couldn’t domesticate any animals or have a stable food source which led to them falling behind the rest of the world. Because the people of Eurasia have domesticated animals and a stable food supply, this led to the invention of steel. While the specialists in Europe were producing steel, they were also developing a natural immunity to diseases that came from their domesticated animals. The European’s immunity to germs and access to steel weapons allowed them to decimate a whole empire with
Jared Diamond makes a great and compelling argument about how inequality across the entire globe originated. The main components that were agreeing with this argument were guns germs and steel. Guns meaning the advancement in weaponry, military warfare and military sophistication. Germs meaning the harmful disease and other foul illness that wiped out humans throughout History. Then the third and final point steel, which was about the advancement in societies and the complex sophistication with their technology, which lead to building great architecture and devices that were completely impactful.
The Incan Empire was older than the Aztec empire and included over five million people before the Spanish arrived. The strength of the empire was impressive considering most of the empire's terrain was mountainous and they had only llamas and people to transport goods. One of the systems that the Incas had in place that allowed their road systems to flourish was that every young poor male had to work for their government building villages, roads, etc. After the Spanish arrived, many Incas died from disease. It is believed that the similarities between the Spanish religious and political systems and the Mesoamerican political/religious systems allowed for an easier takeover of the empires for the Spanish. The Spanish had originally come to the "New World" in search of gold and they found little of it, however, they found a surplus of silver, especially in the mountain practically made of silver in Peru. The responsibility of mining for the silver fell to the natives, despite the mercury poisoning and the deadly conditions in the mines. Spain did eventually become rich from the silver, but inflation and the cost of their wars left them damaged. China had also suffered inflation after they developed paper money and they changed their tax system to require that taxes be paid in silver, which meant their people gave up agricultural jobs for jobs that usually involved silk (which paid in
Why did certain early civilizations thrive and some fail? Jared Diamond, a famous author and scientist, explains in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. He believes civilizations like the ones in Europe thrived because of geographical luck. Geographic luck is the idea that people in some areas got luckier than others. For example, the Fertile Crescent had a warm, moist climate, and fertile soil to grow wheat and barley, while people that lived in places like Papua New Guinea had to hunt, and forage for their food. Geographic luck aided the European empire, and was the reason they became so powerful. One of the key reasons Europe did so well was farming. Another reason they were able to conquer so much of the world was their well-placed civilization. Finally, Europe’s weapons, made from steel, were much more advanced than the weapons possessed by the rest of the world, and they came from their good geographic placement. Understanding geography’s role in Europe’s technological advancement is important, and to do so you must look at how they became powerful in the first place, which is because of farming, and domestication.
Geographically the United States is a vary diverse landscape that effected America's ability to industrialize. The geographic features of a country will control the need for it to industrialize, less land means less opportunity to farm. This geographic fact will also control the rate of development; less land means a need for faster industrialization. It is this diversity and abundance of land that controlled the economic and social development of America's Industrial Revolution.
The Inca Empire Janos Gyarmati’s Paria la Viexa and an expanding empire: Provincial centers in the political economy of the Inca Empire proved that the Inca’s built an empire unlike any other. From 1440 to 1532 A.D., the Inca Empire dominated the Americas. Known as “the fastest growing and largest territorial empire”(Gyarmati 37) of its time, the Inca Empire left a mark with their complex, perpetual and innovative economic, road, and settlement system. The Inca’s were advanced for their time, however, they lacked a system that would guarantee the survival of their kin. In order to strive, for the long-term, the Inca’s created provincial centers that would ensure their growth and economy for the generations to come.
Two of the biggest and greatest civilization in the Americas were the Aztecs and Incas. These two civilization were both said to be conquered by the Spanish, but it wasn’t just the Spanish who conquered them. These two civilizations both fell from a combination of a weak government, lack of technology, new disease introduced by the invaders, and not being prepared for the invaders. For many centuries the Aztec civilization revolved around a ideological, social, and political system in which expansion was the cornerstone. Expansion was the cornerstone of their whole civilization, because their religion requested that a large number of human sacrifices where to be made to the gods.
I believe that the environment deiced whether a society will or will not have technology, militaristic and farming abilities imbedded within the society. That will give an advantage so that one society is better equipped than others.
As a result of its location west of the Allegheny Mountains, excellent river transportation and high quality coal deposits Pittsburgh became one of America’s most industrialized cities in the nineteenth century. It produced many raw materials such as aluminum, glass and coke and coal chemicals as well as other industrial products such as electrical generators, appliances, railroad cars and locomotives. However, one industry in particular dominated Pittsburgh’s economic scene and that was the steel industry.
Geography has provided natural resources and boundaries for cultures continuously over many generations. The topography led civilization to have protection from other cultures and plentiful natural resources that they used for human survival or for an economic profit. With a good amount of resources available, cultures like India and China thrived in the creation and expansion of their civilizations. Geography helped India and China civilization develop their culture, spread their religion, and determine the rate at which each civilization’s ideas were transferred. The physical features that India and China lived on helped their cultures form and thrive into their current form.
It is important for people to understand and know what went on in all time periods and how one simple animal cause be the one thing that gets you by each day or how evolving to something greater can either be successful or a disaster depending on where anyone is located. Jared Diamond allowed us to understand how guns, germs and steel helped countries not be so isolated and be open to new technology that helped them prosper to something bigger than what they had. To conclude many nations use the three theories that jared diamond shares so that countries could prosper to something bigger than what they had hence, they also used it to conquer other civilizations so they could gain as much power as they could. To sum up Jared Diamond saw geography more than a way to expand from either east to west but a way to use what they had or what others brought so that they can gain more power while using the theories guns, germs, and steel
The Spanish conquest of the Inca in the 1500s A.D. was an event that significantly changed the peoples of South America by leading to the decline of the Inca Empire. This essay discusses why in the last millennium the Europeans were the people who were able to conquer so many of the world’s great civilizations and control so much of the world. While there were other Europeans that conquered other groups of people, this essay focuses on the Spanish and the Incas. Motivation to conquer and ability to do so (such as steel and immunity to diseases) are the key aspects in Europeans gaining power of much of the world that this essay discusses.
In ancient civilizations, geography affected them in so many ways, like the climate, resources, and the landscape that they use. The climates affect them because monsoons were offend common that brought heavy rain and wind to the area. The mountains provided them with protection against invasions, but the mountains were also used for trading with other to get the resources that they needed.
In the early part of this century was a time when industry was booming with growth around the installation of major railroads. With this growth came the transatlantic cable, the telegraph, and a whole lot of steel. Steel would be needed in the construction of these new transportation systems and communications were now possible between businesses and industries. (Wren, 2005)
The industrial revolution began in Europe in the 18th century. The revolution prompted significant changes, such as technological improvements in global trade, which led to a sustained increase in development between the 18th and 19th century. These improvements included mastering the art of harnessing energy from abundant carbon-based natural resources such as coal. The revolution was economically motivated and gave rise to innovations in the manufacturing industry that permanently transformed human life. It altered perceptions of productivity and understandings of mass production which allowed specialization and provided industries with economies of scale. The iron industry in particular became a major source of economic growth for the United States during this period, providing much needed employment, which allowed an abundant population of white people as well as minorities to contribute and benefit from the flourishing economy. Steel production boomed in the U.S. in the mid 1900s. The U.S. became a global economic giant due to the size of its steel industry, taking advantage of earlier innovations such as the steam engine and the locomotive railroad. The U.S. was responsible for 65 percent of steel production worldwide by the end of the 2nd World War (Reutter 1). In Sparrows Point: Making Steel: the Rise and Ruin of American Industrial Might, Mark Reutter reports that “Four out of every five manufacturing items contained steel and 40 percent of all wage earners owed their livelihood directly or indirectly to the industry.” This steel industry was the central employer during this era.
INDUSTRILIZING THE WORLD HOW DID ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENCES AMONG REGIONS OF THE WORLD ASSIST IN DETERMINING THE “WINNERS” OF THE RACE TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION? The 18th century was a time that awaited great change through discovery and applications of new ideas and technology. These changes came about as a result of government stability and populations interest in bettering life standards. It is evident that equal opportunity to industrialize was made possible in several regions of the world due to similar natural and educational resources made accessible.