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The age of prohibition
Prohibition and its social effects 1920
Prohibition and its social effects 1920
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To what extent did the federal Prohibition Laws affect American citizens, which eventually lead to the rise of organized crime, predominantly run by Al Capone in the 1920’s? To what extent did Al Capone influence organized crime and law enforcement in the 1920’s? A: Plan of Investigation Although the roaring 20’s is often characterized as a period of prosperity and optimism in America, ironically with the enforcement of the Prohibition Laws, criminal activity increased. The aim of this investigation is to discuss what the Prohibition Laws enforced, and how and why it affected the significant increase of organized crime during the 1920’s. From the topic, Al Capone who was an infamous gangster during the era will be investigated as well as what major roles he played. The factors of who, what, how and why will be answered. Much of the research will be from reliable, documents, articles and letters found online, both primary and secondary sources. After analyzing the information and findings, the understanding of how organized crime in the 1920’s sprouted …show more content…
from federal Prohibition Laws will be concluded. B: Summary of Evidence 1. Prohibition Laws During the 19th and early 20th century, many people attempted to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed within a community of society.
This was called the Temperance Movement. The goal of the Temperance Movement was to encourage people to moderate or eliminate the consumption of alcohol. The government targeted alcohol specifically to be banned because it was widely seen as the root cause of all violence and as a threat to the stability of one’s family. As a solution, the Prohibition laws were enforced because they believed that if alcohol as a whole were to be eliminated, the source of the problems would come to an end. On Midnight of January 16, 1920, one of the personal habits and customs of most Americans suddenly came to a halt. The Eighteenth Amendment was put into effect and all importing; exporting, transporting, selling, and manufacturing of intoxicating liquor were discontinued (Sherman, 2004,
p.2). 2. Major Characters and their Effect The Prohibition era of the 1920’s gave rise to the organized crime syndicate in the United States, especially in New York and Chicago. Underground mafias came to power and gang wars and murder became an everyday occurrence. Organized criminals such as American mobsters, and European crime groups thrived. Most common people looked upon these organizations as heroes. Prohibition presented profitable opportunities for organized crime to take over the importing, manufacturing, and distributing of alcoholic drinks. Al Capone, the most infamous character of the bootlegging business, was able to build his criminal empire largely on profits from illegal alcohol (1920 Prohibition). Capone was “Public Enemy Number 1”. He had moved to Chicago in 1920 where he worked for Johnny Torrio the city’s leading figure in the underworld. Capone was given the task of intimidating Torrio’s rivals, so that they would give up their territory to Torrio. Capone also had to convince speakeasy operators to buy illegal alcohol from Torrio. Capone was excellent at what he did. As Torrio died, Capone was handed over the ‘business’. Breweries, distilleries, speakeasies, warehouses, gambling houses and many other illegal businesses were all his. This all produced him a yearly income of hundreds of millions of dollars (Los Angeles Times, 1926). The key to his success was not only the thousands of allied gangs and assassins on his side, but also his connection with the City Hall. Capone paid most officials at high position. This got them on his side, and not only were Capone and his partners immune from arrests but the police interfered the operations of rival gangs. He was the world’s most famous criminal, yet a multimillionaire before the age of 30 (Prohibition-Main Part). 3. Prohibition Laws Leads to Organized Crime During Prohibition, the manufacture, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal. Prohibition was supposed to lower crime and corruption, reduce social problems, lower taxes needed to support prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America (1920 Prohibition). Now the irony is that Prohibition had the opposite effect of what they expected. The government thought that this would curb crime and violence, but Prohibition did not achieve its goals, leading more toward higher crime rates and excessive violence (Organized Crime). Although it was enforced that the consumption of alcohol be prohibited, many people in society continued to go on normally as they did before. Criminal gangs supplied the booze and were ruthless and over inflated the prices fighting with each other for control of the trade. A whole black market was created around alcohol, increasing crime (Organized Crime). Large quantities of alcohol were smuggled in from Canada, overland and via the Great Lakes (1920 Prohibition). The leaders of this “black market” of alcohol were called gangsters. Overtime, more people drank illegally and so money ended up in gangsters’ pockets. Arguments raged over the effectiveness of prohibition (1920 Prohibition). C: Evaluation of Sources SEVENTY-NINE INDICTED IN CHICAGO SUBURB DRY WAR :Cicero Mayor, Chief of Police, Gang Leaders Accused of Bribery and Prohibition Violations. (1926, October 2). Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File),3. Retrieved April 15, 2011, from ProQuest Historical Newspapers Los Angeles Times (1881 - 1987). (Document ID: 362449342). Origin- This newspaper was written by the Los Angeles Times on October 2nd of 1926. The Los Angeles Times published articles from 1881 up to 1987. It was written during the time period of when the Prohibition Laws were going on and Al Capone was in action, making this source a primary source. Purpose- The purpose of this document was to inform the citizens living in the Los Angeles area of what was happening with the Prohibition Laws in America. The Prohibition Laws and crimes connected to it were situated mainly in Chicago, so through this document the people of Los Angeles gained more knowledge of the outside world. Value- In this article, the Los Angeles Times informs the audience about how the Prohibition Laws were affecting Al Capone and all the gangs around the Chicago area. It stated who was committing the crimes, the severity and exactly what crimes were being committed. In my investigation, it was essential to know the infamous characters that were linked to the crimes that sprouted from the Prohibition Laws, so I got a lot of information from this article. Limitation- One major limitation in this source was that it did not say anything about it being written by a specific author. It was apparent that this article was from the Los Angeles Times, but not the author. Also, because it was written in Los Angeles, and the situation and economy may have been different than what was going on in Chicago, it might have been bias. "Organized Crime in the 1920’s | 20th Century Crime - The Finer Times." Organized Crimes in the 1920’s-Al Capone. 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. Robert Wilson . Origin- This web article was written by Robert Wilson on October 29 of the year 2010. It was not a direct source from that time period, so it is a secondary source. Purpose- The purpose of this source was to inform the readers about what the Prohibition Laws were all about. It stated what the laws were and the bad effects it had on the country. Value- From this document I got a lot of information about the Prohibition Laws and its bad consequences. It provided a lot of quotes, statistics, and pictures that would help answer the investigation question, like; Al Capone’s direct words, the percentage of crime rate increasing, and Limitation- A limitation of this source may be that since the author is writing this article himself, it may contain his own bias opinions. Wilson stated all of the negative effects of Prohibition but another positive or neutral side was not expressed.
Sandbrook is incorrect to remark that from the moment the Volstead Act came into effect, America’s National gangsters saw it as a business opportunity. This is because the early years of Prohibition were years where enforcement was particularly strict, which made the distribution of alcohol very risky. Yet regardless, by far criminals who had the most to gain were gangsters such as Al Capone, who made $100 million a year from speakeasies and casinos alone. Violence played a large role in organised crimes during the years of Prohibition, with an increase in burglary, theft and battery assaults by a total of 22%. There were also wars between gangsters over each other’s territory, and the most famous act of violence during the years of Prohibition came from Capone’s army of 700 gangsters, who committed over 300 murders in Chicago. Willoughby points out that although organised crime existed in the years before and after Prohibition, it was “albeit on a smaller scale.” This is convincing as the affluence that the twenties created, along with demands for alcohol provided alternative opportunities for organised crime. Arguably, Clements acknowledges that even after the repeal of Prohibition, the wealth that corrupted illegal organisations accumulated made them turn to other areas where they could make a vast amount of profit, such as prostitution, gambling and drugs. Certainly,
During the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, many saw alcohol as a cause of instability among communities. To counteract the effects of alcohol on American society, The Temperance Movement, Prohibition Party and many others sought to enact anti-liquor laws that would prohibit the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol. On January 19, 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment had taken effect and a nationwide ban on alcohol was enacted. This was thought of as a solution to the many problems that America had at the time, but it only made matters worse. The American society had been greatly affected by the Eighteenth Amendment in many negative aspects such as increasing crime and violence, worsening the economy, and much more.
Although the temperance movement was concerned with the habitual drunk, its primary goal was total abstinence and the elimination of liquor. With the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, the well-organized and powerful political organizations, utilizing no holds barred political tactics, successfully accomplished their goal. Prohibition became the law of the land on January 16, 1920; the manufacturing, importation, and sale of alcohol was no longer legal in the United States. Through prohibition, America embarked on what became labeled “the Nobel Experiment.” However, instead of having social redeeming values as ordained, prohibition had the opposite effect of its intended purpose, becoming a catastrophic failure.
...s. Was Capone fully to blame for the violence that plagued his life? Or was he adapting to the times in which he lived? Maybe he was a man who believed in self-defense in a cruel time where he was just as likely to be killed by an opposing bootlegger. In several interviews, he spoke of peace. He asked for peace from other men that challenged him. Some might even call him generous. Whatever Al Capone was, there was one type of person that he believed to be truely evil. In the words of Capone, "There's one thing worse than a crook, I think...and that's a crooked man in a big political job. A man who pretends he is enforcing the law and is really making dough by breaking it. Even a self-respecting hoodlum hasn't any use for that kind of fella..he buys them like he'd buy any other article necessary to his trade. But he hates them in his heart," (Blumenthal 102).
It is said that for every market that is destroyed, a new underground market is created. This was exactly the case with prohibition. Though domestic violence did decrease, much crime increased. Bootlegers (people who made/sold their own whiskey) popped up everywhere. Speakeasies, which were underground bars, were frequented by virtually everyone. Seceret drinking was considered a glamorous thing-even in Washington parties. Bootlegging gangs began to increase, thus an increase in street crime occured. One of the most famous of these gangsters was Al Capone. Capone's bootlegging ring earned him approximately 60,000,000 dollars a year. One example of gang related crime was the St. Valentines Day Massacre, in which Capones's gang gunned down and killed seven members of "Bugs" Morgans' gang.
On 16th January 1920, one of the most common personal habits and customs of American society came to a halt. The eighteenth amendment was implemented, making all importing, exporting, transporting, selling and manufacturing of intoxicating liquors absolutely prohibited. This law was created in the hope of achieving the reduction of alcohol consumption, which in turn would reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve both the economy, and the quality of life for all Americans. These goals are far from achieved. The prohibition amendment of the 1920's was ineffective because it was unenforceable.
The desire to control alcohol consumption, or advocate temperance, has been a goal of humanity throughout countless periods of history. Many countries have organized temperance movements, including Australia, Canada, Britain, Denmark, Poland, and of course, the United States. The American temperance movement was the most widespread reform movement of the 19th century, culminating in laws that completely banned the sale of all alcoholic beverages. The movement progressed from its humble local roots to nationwide organizations with millions of members and large amounts of political power. The growth of the temperance movement resulted from the changes in society between the original American settlers and the post-Revolutionary War citizens.
The Temperance Movement was aimed to promote abstinence from alcohol, to criticize those who consumed alcohol, and political influence was often used as well. It focused on abolishing alcohol consumption completely. Political influence was important because it led to laws that limited and regulated alcohol that eventually led to prohibition. “Temperance reformers typically were evangelical Protestants who regarded alcoholic beverages as harmful and even sinful for the individual drinker and for society at large. Supposedly, drink destroyed families and reputations and brought about poverty, disorder, and crime.” (Fahey, 2013) This movement stated that alcohol was dangerous for everyone. They believed that all individuals who drank would lose control of their drinking habits and would start encountering problems as a result of drinking. The Temperance Movement was just the beginning of what would eventually become the Eighteenth Amendment of the United States. The movement was be...
On January 16,1920 the Eighteenth Amendment abolished the manufacture, transportation, and sale of liquor, beer, and wine throughout the United States. The The 1920s were nearly two weeks old when the United States launched this. ludicrous act of a sacrificial act. The eighteenth amendment was intended to reduce drinking by abolishing the businesses that made and sold alcohol. breweries, wholesale sellers and retail establishments such as saloons.
Prohibition originated in the nineteenth century but fully gained recognition in the twentieth century. The Prohibition was originally known as the Temperance Movement. In the 1820s and 1830s, a wave of religious revivalism developed in the United States, leading to increased calls for temperance, as well as other reform movements such as the abolition of slavery (“Prohibition”). These reforms were often led by middle class women. The abolition of slavery became a more important topic of debate until after the Civil War. By the turn of the century, temperance societies were a common thing throughout the communities in the United States (“Prohibition”). Women advocated the unity of the family, and they believed alcohol prevented such a thing. Drunken husbands only brought about negativity to the home, and women could not support that behavior. Suffragists, in their pursuit for voting rights, also sought to eliminate alcohol from the home. Small-scale legislation had been passed in several states, but no national laws had been enacted. On January 29, 1919, the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified by Congress; it banned t...
People turned more and more towards criminal activity, organized criminals such as the American mobsters and European crime syndicates thrived, most common people looked upon these organizations as heros. Criminals like Al Capone, Bonnie and Clyde and John Dillinger were headliners of the era. Jobs were scarce and people needed to provide for their families, gangsterism was dangerous but provided an easy way to make money. When the American government passed the eighteenth Amendments outlawing alcohol, people who enjoyed a drink became criminal for doing so. It was organized criminals who supplied the booze. In January of 1920 the American government banned the sale and supply of alcohol, the government thought that this would curb crime and violence, prohibition did not achieve its goals, leading more toward higher crime rates and excessive violence. Alcohol was seen as the devil's advocate and banning the substance would help improve the quality of American lives. It caused an explosive growth in crime with more than double the amount of illegal bars and saloons operating than before prohibition. The government set up the “Federal Prohibition Bureau” to police prohibition, this did not deter people and organized crime continued to be the main supplier of booze. With a large coastline it was almost impossible to police with only five percent of alcohol ever being confiscated. Bribing government officials was common, and people were increasingly crafty in the way they
The hopes of the prohibitionist were dreams of a healthier and more successful nation. Their dreams were spun from the idea of shutting out the alcohol industry and enforcing large industries and stressing family values. The eighteenth amendment consisted of the end of sales, production, transportation, as for importation and exportation of intoxicating liquors. Their imaginations were large and very hopeful. The prohibitionists felt that alcohol is a slow poison of their community. They felt that if the liquor industry was shut out that Americans would spend their hard earned money in the clothing, food, and shoe industries therefore boosting the American economy. Many felt, “Seeing what a sober nation can do is indeed a noble experiment and one that has never yet been tried, (Crowther, 11) Prohibition was a test of the strength of the nation and an attempt at cleaning up societies evils. These reformers denounce alcohol as a danger to society as well as to the human body. Some ethnic hopes of prohibition was to regulate the foreigners whose backgrounds consisted on the use of alcohol for religious purposes. And try to enforce an American valued society upon them. Many reformists felt that ending the use of alcohol would protect American homes and families. They felt that alcohol use was the root of their family’s destruction. Many women felt that their husbands would waste a lot of their income on the purchase of alcohol and not on family needs. Alcohol was often known as a “poison, or sin”. Another hope for the eighteenth amendment was to reduce the crime and death rate. Many people felt that drunkenness was the cause of many of the nations crimes. Prohibitionist felt very passionately on their cause and were often called “dry’s.” They felt their battle was justified and that, “it is manifest destiny that alcohol will not survive the scrutiny,”(Darrow and Yarros, 20).
Al Capone and prohibition go hand in hand in history, just look at this quote from him “When I sell liquor, it's called bootlegging; when my patrons serve it on Lake Shore Drive, it's called hospitality”. Prohibition gave many people opportunities in unexpected ways like Al Capone (Alphonse Gabriel “Al” Capone) because Al Capone could not be The Al Capone if it was not for prohibition. Prohibitions ideals seemed impeccable since drunk accidents were supposed to happen less but it was quite the opposite. The contributions that prohibition had were not good at all to name a few: increased violence, no money gathered from the government by an alcohol tax, and many more which allowed for people like Al Capone to make a leaving of, of violence and illegal activities since he did not have good influences in his life.
The temperance movement at the time used a minimum drinking age to gradually bring about the ban of alcohol altogether. In 1919 the temperance movement got what they wanted and the 18th Amendment was created banning the sale of alcohol in America. This ultimately failed, resulting in increased gang violence and bootlegging. In 1933, due to a change of public opinion, the ban was lifted with what is called the 21st Amendment. After prohibition, what was left of the temperance movement was to make sure that a minimum drinking age remained.
Prohibition led to the bootlegging of liquor and the gang wars of the 1920’s. The most notorious gangster of all time, known as Al Capone, was the most powerful mob leader of his era. He dominated organized crime in the Chicago area from 1925 until 1931. Capone grew up during the roaring 20s in Chicago. He joined the James Street gang, lead by Johnny Torrio. In 1920, Torrio asked Capone to move to Chicago and work with his uncle who controlled the city’s largest prostitution and gambling ring at the time. Capone had liked that idea. Later that year the Prohibition act came into affect and Capone became interested in selling illegal whiskey and other alcoholic beverages. Al Capone was America's best known gangster and greatest symbol of destruction of law and order in the United States during the Prohibition era because of his leading role in the illegal activities which gave Chicago its reputation as a lawless city.