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Political changes in medieval society
Political changes in medieval society
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1.) How did medieval rulers restore order and centralize political power? Medieval rulers restored order and centralized political powers by creating their own form of government. These leaders expanded their territory and spread their authority by creating many micro-managed systems. They developed large bureaucracies, armies, judicial systems and created taxes in order to cause the common-folk pay for all of it.
The ancient kings had absolute authority and sovereignty. In those times The king was the head of the state, chief priest, general and judge. The obvious qualifications for this post were birth, wealth and. military power. The king may have been considered semi-divine due to.
The Age of Feudalism describes the Middle Ages because people needed some organization in their society. The fall of the Roman Empire had left the government in an unstable position, and people needed protection from their lords. The start of feudalism would make it easier for the king because he would not have to rule over a large territory because the area would be under the control of several nobles. This was a political system in which each class on a manor would have to provide something for the society in order to receive assistance in return. A manor consisted of several villages where the lord had overlooked each area. For example the vassal had to provide loyalty and military service, and received protection and land from their lord (Doc. 3). Feudalism not only worked between lords and vassals, but between each class (except merchants). Take for instance, John of Toul is sending his knights to the count and countess of Champagne in order to protect them, and he had received land from them (Doc 2). Another example was the Salisbury oath, wh...
Rulers of the High Middle Ages overcame challenges to their power and began the process of recentralization by removing power from other nobles and the Church and by increasing their own power. These changes were not liked by the people that the rulers were taking power from, but that did not stop rulers from continuing to pilfer power from others. Rulers of the High Middle Ages did anything they could to increase their power and decrease that of their opposition, such as requiring their vassals to declare loyalty to the king and by declaring themselves a higher power than church officials and their nobles.
During the central Middle Ages, territories were expanding greatly. In previous centuries, smaller territorial united had been much more prevalent, thus making control easier. However, with the advent of larger territorial units as time went on, challenges to rulers began to emerge. This were mainly centred around the conflict between the central power and the regions, as was seen in both France and England, which posed a substantial threat to the stability of government. Therefore, rulers saw that they needed to take steps in order to combat this situation. Most importantly, they saw that they needed to created a shared national identity in order unite the mass of people who were now in their territory. As argued by Bernard Guenée, the stability of the state was enhanced during the medieval period when its people were aware of a common identity that they wanted to sustain; control relied upon the population’s love for the country. The main ways in which this was achieved included created a shared national history, a shared religious identity, and shared enemies, as well as through the use of language. But inciting patriotism was not the only way in which rulers coped with the challenges of larger territorial units; they also took active steps towards the centralisation of power. The methods used to achieve this included the creation of representative bodies such as parliament, capital cities, and law. It was these steps taken by rulers that allowed the challenges of the larger territorial units to be met.
Feudalism came to as a government containing kings, vassals, knights, lords, lesser lords, and peasants. Feudalism is a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their lands among lesser lords in exchange for military services and pledged loyalty. It came to as a need for control over peasants and protection from the Muslims and the Magyars.
During this time, the Magna Carta was written and signed. This limited the power of the king and he had to earn approval by the lords before he could make a decision. It also made it so a law can only be passed if it doesn’t go against the Magna Carta. It also implies religion by helping with giving the Church full rights that allows
The feudal system was one that arose in England after the invasion and conquest of William I. It has been said that this was the perfect political system for this time period. Life was really hard back in the Middle Ages and safety and defense were really hard to come by after the empire fell. There were no laws to protect the poor, so they turned to their lords to keep them safe. The king was in complete control of the system and he owned all the land. One quarter was kept as private property and the rest was given to the church or leased
During the Middle Ages, feudalism served as the “governing political, social, and economic system of late medieval Europe.” Feudalism consisted of feudal liege lords giving land and protection to vassals, common men, in exchange for their allegiance and military service. Although this principle may at first sound like a fair trade, it in actuality restricted the entire society and took away every bit of their independence. In essence, this system could even be compared to a “mini-dictatorship” because the common people relied on ...
The social structure of the Middle Ages was based on the practice of feudalism. Feudalism meant that the country was not governed directly by the king, but by individual lords that paid homage to him. These lords: administered their own estates, dispensed their own justice, minted their own currency, levied taxes and tolls, and demanded military service from their vassals. Technically the king was the chief feudal lord, however the individual lords reigned supreme in their territory, doing little more than paying the king’s taxes. The idea of feudalism was built upon a mutual service between vassals and lords. As a vassal one was required to attend at the lord’s court, help administer justice, contribute money, and answer a summons to battle, as well as house and feed the lord when he traveled across his land. The lord was obliged to, protect the vassal, give military aid, and guard his children; this meant that if a daughter were to inherit the fief, the lord would arrange her marriage.
During the medieval period, the Divine Right Theory stood in place. The Divine Right Theory was a doctrine that stated that the king had his right to rule by God; questioning the king would be challenging God’s authority. This theory gave the kings their right to abuse his authority without it being questioned. He did not allow his people to pass laws, if he did, he did not sign them causing them to be defective. The king forced his people to give up their rights in order to create a new law, and when it came to making that law, the king would call men together at an inconvenient time so that the proposals would not go far. King Henry did not allow us to choose our own judges; he chose them for us so that his side would win. He did not even think to have juries for our trials; only one judge to decide the verdict. Due to the abuse done by the kings, the people gathered to form the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta is a document of King John, signed on June 10th of 1215 that limited the power of the king. Despite his greed, King Henry was pressured into signing this document by the church and by his Barons. This was the first document in history that ever challenged the Divine Right Theory. This initially was the beginning of constitutional government in England. It ultimately proved that the king’s power can be limited through ...
The political system and government had a major impact on the characterization that the Middle Ages was a dark time. Certain kingdoms were “unable to suppress violence” (document A). Travel during this time was considered dangerous because there were so many highway robbers. The government had no homogeneity and had a weak system. Cities became more isolated and practically disappeared. The biggest cause of this decline was the lack of a centralized government that could keep order. Although the government system impacted the Middle Ages in a negative way, there was a system of government that had many benefits; feudalism. Feudalism is a contract in which the kings sign land to the nobles (or vassals) in return for military service. A vassal is a person who works for a lord, usually giving the lord military protection. In exchange for the vassals protection, the lord would give a p...
The feudal system was a political, military, and economic system based on the holding of land. The system was developed since the whole entire basis of rule from all the civilizations before the Middle Ages was lost. Early Europe was in desperate need of such a system since they were constantly being raided by the Vikings and other outsiders.
Warring European states adopted feudalism in order to introduce structure and efficiency into the lives of the people during the Middle Ages. It featured serfs, who were managed by the knights, who answered to the lords that were appointed by the kings. While the serfs worked for the knights, and the knights provided protection
A government was required to lead the people and aid in organizing a city. City governments were far more powerful than the council of elders and local chiefs of farming villages. At first, Priest probably had the greatest. In time, warrior kings came to power as chief political leaders. They soon set themselves up as the chief hereditary ruler and passed their power from father to son. Governments soon became more complex as rulers issued laws, collected taxes, and organizes systems of defense. To enforce order, rulers relied on royal officials. Over time, government bureaucracies evolved. Almost always rulers claimed their power came from god or divine right. These rulers then gained religious power as well.
the systems and infrastructure that had been developed by the Roman Empire. For a long time centralization of government and culture was not possible. However, the Roman Catholic facilitated social integration. This was not sufficient to bring the people together; therefore, the medieval period was characterized by the need to build a polit...