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Truth about the history of vaccines
History of vaccines
Truth about the history of vaccines
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Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was an English aristocrat born in 1689. She was a letter writer and a poet, most famously known for her letters about her travels to the Ottoman Empire. She was an inspiration to many female travelers and writers. She was wife of the British ambassador in Turkey, Edward Wortley Montagu. She was also well known for introducing smallpox inoculation to Britain after her return from Turkey. One of her famous letters that are read until today is the letter addressed to Miss Sarah Chiswell, in which she describes her stay in Turkey and the process of smallpox vaccination. This letter was written on the first of April in the year 1717. Lady Mary starts the letter by reproaching Miss Sarah for not writing replying to her letter. She …show more content…
She witnessed this practice and wrote many letter to Britain about it. The small pox virus was taken from a person having a mild case of the virus and put into an uninfected person’s body through a scratch to create and immunity against it. Lady Montagu had many negative encounters with the disease; her brother passed away in 1713, and her own beauty was ruined in 1715 after contracting the disease. She had her five year old son inoculated, and on her return to England she advocated the procedure, but met a huge number of rejecters. She then had her daughter inoculated and it was the first operation of this sort in Britain. She tried convincing some people to go through the process and succeeded eventually. The process was also tried on seven prisoners waiting for execution, and as a result it worked and they were freed. Lady Mary also wrote an article advocating inoculation in response of the rejection of the process under a pseudonym. She had an interesting and engaging style of writing that attracted many readers to her travel
For a long while, Mary oscillated between good and bad days. One day in May 1771, Mary wrote "I mourn that I had no more communication with God " On a day in September she cried out, "H...
Whether it the public policy makers perspective, the social perspective, or her own perspective, a central issue is that Mary Mallon was targeted and sent to live in isolation while other known typhoid carriers lived free l...
A female philosopher was rare in the seventeenth century. A female in the Royal Society was even rarer. Margaret Cavendish was both. Margaret Cavendish was born Margaret Lucas. The name change was a result of her marriage to William Cavendish, the Duke of Newcastle. It was difficult for a woman to have writings published in the seventeenth century. Cavendish was able to publish some works on her own but her husband’s influence gave her the opportunity to publish many more works. Her husband also put her in close proximity with very influential philosophers and scientists of the time such as Hobbes and Boyle. Thinkers such as Hobbes and Boyle were not willing correspond to Cavendish directly since she was a women, and at the time correspondence
In the letter, Abigail Adams, informs her daughter about how she likes the White house. But throughout it she shows her daughter how she reacts with her new surroundings. She acts spoiled and she complains.
Born as a free woman in London, England Mary argued for education along with unjust laws for women that subjected them to a form of slavery. As the world around her at the time was facing a political breakthrough with the United States using idea’s formed by philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes theories in the social contract, to break free from England, she hoped the French Revolution would create an era of equality and reason. Wollstonecraft places her opinion that the condition of adult women is caused by the neglect of education for girls. Most of the essay is based on her argument for education of
a passage from the letter she is writing to add a personal feel to the
The letter was given to her aunt and he asked her to write back to the girls and as nicely
Mary Wollstonecraft was as revolutionary in her writings as Thomas Paine. They were both very effective writers and conveyed the messages of their ideas quite well even though both only had only the most basic education. Wollstonecraft was a woman writing about women's rights at a time when these rights were simply non-existent and this made her different from Paine because she was breaking new ground, thus making her unique. Throughout her lifetime, Wollstonecraft wrote about the misconception that women did not need an education, but were only meant to be submissive to man. Women were treated like a decoration that had no real function except to amuse and beguile. Wollstonecraft was the true leader in women's rights, advocating a partnership in relationships and marriage rather than a dictatorship. She was firm in her conviction that education would give women the ability to take a more active role in life itself.
Williamson, Alle. “Joan of Arc’s First Letter to the English.” Accessed February 23, 2014. http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/joanofarc_letter_Mar1429.html.
This journal highlights advances women made in the seventeenth century. Upham goes into great detail about certain leaders in the advancement of women such as Catherine Trotter, Mary Pix, and Aphra Behn.
Marry Wollstonecraft was a famous women’s right activist and was also considered one of the most famous feminist, she fought for equal rights between men and women because people considered women weaker than men.
It was spread by physical contact with human skin and mostly affected children and adults. This disease was so outrageous that led to a vast number of deaths in New England colonies. Also, smallpox virus transmitted through airborne from the oral, nasal mucus of the infected person. But mostly was spread from close contact or contaminated material of the infected person. It was spread very slowly and less broadly than other viral illness which took long time to identify the infection in first two weeks. Infection of smallpox started to grow between 7 to 10 days when the scabs form onto bruise. The signs and symptoms of this disease were with high fever, widespread rashes, redness, muscle pain, headache, common cold, vomiting, nausea and many more. Consequently, the virus was found in the bone marrow along with bloodstream in huge numbers. There were different types in between the smallpox disease with other classification. By preserving the virus, Boylston personally inoculated 247 people in 1721 and 1722 to prevent transmission. However, from there only six people died, and Boylston was the first American surgeon to inoculate his patients personally. The author portrays the background data Boylston used to examine the inoculation practice on different age and gender of persons to cure his patients were from previous experiments. The inoculation method provided higher rank of immunity in preventing smallpox infection. The prevention for smallpox was through inducing antibodies by vaccine which lasts longer for a person taken
Sarah Grimké to her sister, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, Letter VIII: On the Condition of Women in the United States (Brookline: 1837)
The history of differentiating between diseases and vaccinating them is a practice that has been used for more millennia than you can count on two fingers. In 900 BC, a Persian physician named Rhazes was the first to publish a written account attempting to distinguish between measles and smallpox (successful or not is a whole other matter). It takes about 2500 years before any more development in the field of vaccination. In 1661, Chinese Emperor Kiang wrote a letter that stated that he fully supports inoculation, which is the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies. Then in 1676, English doctor Thomas Sydenham publishes ‘Medical observations on the history and cure of acute diseases’ which successfully distinguishes measles from smallpox while in great detail. The report also stated details about Scarlet Fever which was big at the time. In 1678, a Boston newspaper published America’s first medical work, Thomas Thatcher’ pamphlet: A Brief Rule to Guide the Common People of New England how to order themselves and theirs in the Small Pocks, or Measles. Once again, Thomas Sydenham discovers a medical breakthrough in 1684 by concluding that the common health practices, not available to the poor, were more harmful than good in mild smallpox cases. Sydenham’s discovery would be the last big medical innovatio...
Mary Wollstonecraft: the Mother of Modern Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft was a self-educated, radical philosopher who wrote about liberation, and empowering women. She had a powerful voice in her views on the rights of women to get good education and career opportunities. She pioneered the debate for women’s rights, inspiring many of the 19th and the 20th century’s writers and philosophers to fight for women’s rights, as well. She did not only criticize men for not giving women their rights, she also put blame on women for being voiceless and subservient. Her life and, the surrounding events of her time, accompanied by the strong will of her, had surely affected the way she chose to live her life, and to form her own philosophies.